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1. 发明授权

US5171986A Methods and apparatus for calibration of BGO scintillator gamma ray energy spectra 失效
标题翻译：用于校准BGO闪烁体γ射线能谱的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5171986A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-15
申请号：US767177
申请日：1991-09-27
申请人： William A. Loomis , James A. Grau , Jerome A. Truax
发明人： William A. Loomis , James A. Grau , Jerome A. Truax
IPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01V5/101
摘要： The energy-to-channel response of a bismuth germanate scintillator (BGO) gamma ray spectra measurement system is calibrated by use of the 10.2 MeV gamma ray peak originating from epithermal neutron capture within the BGO crystal as a calibration reference line. The 10.2 MeV peak is located by successively fitting the detected spectrum to the combination of a gaussian-shaped gamma ray peak and an exponentially-shaped background, beginning at the upper end of the spectrum and successively sliding the fitting window downwards until the peak is reached. Once the 10.2 MeV peak has been located, the spectral gain is adjusted to shift the peak to an assigned calibration channel location adjacent the upper end of the overall spectral window.
摘要翻译：锗酸铋闪烁体（BGO）伽马射线光谱测量系统的能量对通道响应通过使用源自BGO晶体内的超热中子俘获的10.2MeV伽马射线峰值作为校准参考线进行校准。 10.2 MeV峰位置是通过将检测到的光谱连续地拟合到高斯形γ射线峰和指数形背景的组合，从光谱的上端开始，并将拟合窗口向下滑动直到达到峰值。一旦定位了10.2MeV峰值，则调整光谱增益以将峰值移动到与整个光谱窗口的上端相邻的分配的校准通道位置。

2. 发明授权

US08536517B2 Scintillator based radiation detection 有权
标题翻译：基于闪烁体的辐射检测
公开(公告)号：US08536517B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-17
申请号：US12713495
申请日：2010-02-26
申请人： Markus Berheide , James A. Grau , Bradley Albert Roscoe , Christian Stoller , Peter Wraight , Matthieu Simon
发明人： Markus Berheide , James A. Grau , Bradley Albert Roscoe , Christian Stoller , Peter Wraight , Matthieu Simon
IPC分类号： G01V5/00 , G01V5/04 , G01D18/00
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01V5/04
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for the detection of nuclear radiation. The system can include a tool body adapted to be deployed in a wellbore and a scintillator material that intrinsically generates radiation. The scintillator material is mounted within the tool body. A photodetection system is coupled to the scintillator material, and mounted within the tool body. Features in a spectrum associated with a scintillation material's intrinsic radioactive decay are used for the determination of one or more parameter's of the response function of the radiation detector system.
摘要翻译：描述了用于检测核辐射的方法和相关系统。该系统可以包括适于部署在井眼中的工具主体和本质上产生辐射的闪烁体材料。闪烁体材料安装在工具主体内。光检测系统耦合到闪烁体材料，并安装在工具体内。与闪烁材料的固有放射性衰变相关的光谱中的特征被用于确定辐射探测器系统的响应函数的一个或多个参数。

3. 发明申请

US20100243877A1 SCINTILLATOR BASED RADIATION DETECTION 有权
标题翻译：基于扫描仪的辐射检测
公开(公告)号：US20100243877A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-30
申请号：US12713495
申请日：2010-02-26
申请人： Markus Berheide , James A. Grau , Bradley Albert Roscoe , Christian Stoller , Peter Wraight , Matthieu Simon
发明人： Markus Berheide , James A. Grau , Bradley Albert Roscoe , Christian Stoller , Peter Wraight , Matthieu Simon
IPC分类号： G01V5/04 , G12B13/00
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01V5/04
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for the detection of nuclear radiation. The system can include a tool body adapted to be deployed in a wellbore and a scintillator material that intrinsically generates radiation. The scintillator material is mounted within the tool body. A photodetection system is coupled to the scintillator material, and mounted within the tool body. Features in a spectrum associated with a scintillation material's intrinsic radioactive decay are used for the determination of one or more parameter's of the response function of the radiation detector system.
摘要翻译：描述了用于检测核辐射的方法和相关系统。该系统可以包括适于部署在井眼中的工具主体和本质上产生辐射的闪烁体材料。闪烁体材料安装在工具主体内。光检测系统耦合到闪烁体材料，并安装在工具体内。与闪烁材料的固有放射性衰变相关的光谱中的特征被用于确定辐射探测器系统的响应函数的一个或多个参数。

4. 发明授权

US4810876A Logging apparatus and method for determining absolute elemental concentrations of subsurface formations 失效
标题翻译：用于确定地下地层绝对元素浓度的测井装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4810876A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US905371
申请日：1986-09-05
申请人： Peter D. Wraight , Russel C. Hertzog , Darwin V. Ellis , Hubert D. Scott , Jeffrey S. Schweitzer , James A. Grau
发明人： Peter D. Wraight , Russel C. Hertzog , Darwin V. Ellis , Hubert D. Scott , Jeffrey S. Schweitzer , James A. Grau
IPC分类号： G01V5/10 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/10
摘要： Logging apparatus and methods for detecting first signals indicative of the absolute concentrations of the first category of elements in the rock matrix, for irradiating the formation with a pulse of high energy neutrons and for detecting a second signal indicative of the relative concentrations of a second category of elements in a rock matrix. The absolute and relative concentrations of a plurality of elements are determined, and this information is used to transform at least one of the relative concentrations into an absolute concentration. One of the measured absolute concentrations is for aluminum, from which correlations are used to determine the absolute concentrations of other, non-measured elements. A tool system for measuring the absolute aluminum concentration includes a californium-252 source and a gamma ray detector having a plurality of windows from which the aluminum count rate can be compensated for interference by manganese activation. A further correction to the aluminum count rate has a functional dependence on the neutron slowing down length in the formation, the formation macroscopic cross section, the borehole microscopic cross section, the bulk density of the formation, and the borehole diameter. When used in conjunction with a density tool sensitve to the effects of photoelectric absorption of gamma rays in the formation, the techniques of the invention allow the magnesium concentration to be determined.
摘要翻译：用于检测指示岩石基质中第一类元素的绝对浓度的第一信号的测井装置和方法，用于用高能中子的脉冲照射地层，并用于检测指示第二类别的相对浓度的第二信号的岩石矩阵中的元素。确定多个元素的绝对和相对浓度，并且使用该信息将至少一个相对浓度转化为绝对浓度。测量的绝对浓度之一是铝，其中使用相关性来确定其他未测量元素的绝对浓度。用于测量绝对铝浓度的工具系统包括ium-252源和具有多个窗口的伽马射线检测器，从其可以通过锰活化来补偿铝计数率的干扰。对铝计数率的进一步校正对于地层中的中子减慢长度，地层宏观横截面，井眼微观截面，地层的堆积密度和井眼直径具有功能依赖性。当与对地层中的γ射线的光电吸收的影响敏感的密度工具结合使用时，本发明的技术允许确定镁浓度。

5. 发明申请

US20140291499A1 MINING SYSTEMS AND METHODS 有权
标题翻译：采矿系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20140291499A1
公开(公告)日：2014-10-02
申请号：US13990946
申请日：2011-12-02
申请人： Gilles Mathieu , Kent Lang , Peter Wraight , Roland Banas , James A. Grau , Edward Clayton
发明人： Gilles Mathieu , Kent Lang , Peter Wraight , Roland Banas , James A. Grau , Edward Clayton
IPC分类号： G01V8/10 , E21B47/09 , E21B47/06
CPC分类号： G01V8/10 , E21B43/28 , E21B47/00 , E21B47/065 , E21B47/09
摘要： The present invention provides systems and methods capable of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize a coiled tubing directional drilling system capable of treating interior portions of the heap/formation. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize a system and method capable of capturing real time temperature and resistivity data pertaining to pregnant solution characteristics in the heap/formation. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize one or more wire line deployed X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers capable of quantitatively measuring concentrations of desired metals in the heap/formation during leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention utilizes multiple passes of elemental capture spectroscopy logs acquired at regular time intervals to monitor metal concentrations during leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention provides one or more subsurface barriers capable of optimizing leaching operations.
摘要翻译：本发明提供能够提高浸出操作的效率和有效性的系统和方法。在一个实施例中，本发明可以利用能够处理堆/地层内部的连续油管定向钻井系统。在一个实施例中，本发明可以利用能够捕获与堆/地层中的怀孕溶液特征有关的实时温度和电阻率数据的系统和方法。在一个实施方案中，本发明可利用能够在浸出操作期间能够定量测量堆/地层中所需金属浓度的一条或多条有线线路部署的X射线荧光（XRF）光谱仪。在一个实施方案中，本发明利用以规则的时间间隔获得的元素捕获光谱学日志的多次通过来监测浸出操作期间的金属浓度。在一个实施例中，本发明提供能够优化浸出操作的一个或多个地下障碍物。

6. 发明申请

US20100301198A1 INTRINSIC RADIOACTIVITY IN A SCINTILLATOR AS COUNT RATE REFERENCE 有权
标题翻译：作为计数速率参考的扫描仪中的内在放射性
公开(公告)号：US20100301198A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-02
申请号：US12713746
申请日：2010-02-26
申请人： Markus Berheide , James A. Grau , Bradley Albert Roscoe , Peter Wraight
发明人： Markus Berheide , James A. Grau , Bradley Albert Roscoe , Peter Wraight
IPC分类号： G01T1/208 , G01D18/00 , G01V5/06 , G06G7/58
CPC分类号： G01T1/202
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for the detection of nuclear radiation. The system can include a scintillator material that intrinsically generates radiation and a photodetection system coupled to the scintillator material and adapted to generate electrical signals based on light emitted from the scintillator material. A processing system adapted and programmed to receive the electrical signals, to generate a count rate reference value based at least in part on electrical signals generated in response to the light emitted from the scintillator material due to the intrinsically generated radiation.
摘要翻译：描述了用于检测核辐射的方法和相关系统。该系统可以包括本质上产生辐射的闪烁体材料和耦合到闪烁体材料的光电检测系统，并适于基于从闪烁体材料发射的光产生电信号。一种适于和编程为接收电信号的处理系统，以至少部分地基于由于本征产生的辐射而从闪烁体材料发射的光而产生的电信号产生计数速率参考值。

7. 发明授权

US4587424A Method for investigating the composition of an earth formation traversed by a borehole 失效
标题翻译：用于研究由钻孔穿过的地层的组成的方法
公开(公告)号：US4587424A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-06
申请号：US525342
申请日：1983-08-22
申请人： James A. Grau
发明人： James A. Grau
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： In the illustrative embodiments of the invention disclosed, a more accurate elemental analysis of an earth formation surrounding a borehole is achieved by comparing a gamma ray energy spectrum measured in the borehole, following irradiation of the borehole and the surrounding earth formation with high-energy neutrons, with a composite spectrum made up of a combination of weighted standard spectra of elements postulated to have contributed significantly to the borehole spectrum, wherein the standard spectra include a tool background spectrum that accounts for the spectral contribution due to neutron interactions with the tool constituents. The tool background spectrum is derived by isolating the tool contribution to one or more of the elemental standard spectra, and by using one or a combination of such isolated tool contribution spectra as the tool background spectrum. In the case of thermal neutron capture gamma ray spectra, the tool background spectrum is also preferably stripped from certain of the raw elemental standard spectra to arrive at the final elemental standard spectra for inclusion in the composite spectrum compared with the borehole spectrum. In addition to an improved elemental analysis, information is also obtained as to the borehole fluid salinity and/or the formation fluid salinity from a determination of the capture tool background yield.
摘要翻译：在所公开的本发明的说明性实施例中，通过比较在钻孔中测量的伽马射线能谱，在用高能中子照射钻孔和周围的地层之后，对钻孔周围的地层进行更准确的元素分析其复合谱由假定为对井眼光谱有显着贡献的元素的加权标准光谱的组合组成，其中标准光谱包括考虑由于与工具成分的中子相互作用而产生的光谱贡献的工具背景谱。工具背景光谱是通过将工具对一个或多个元素标准光谱的贡献隔离出来，并通过使用这些隔离的工具贡献光谱的一个或组合作为工具背景光谱来得到的。在热中子俘获伽马射线光谱的情况下，工具背景光谱也优选地从某些原始元素标准光谱中去除，以得到与钻孔光谱相比包含在复合光谱中的最终元素标准光谱。除了改进的元素分析之外，还从捕获工具背景产量的确定中获得关于钻井液体盐度和/或地层流体盐度的信息。

8. 发明授权

US09541668B2 Environmental corrections in nuclear spectroscopy using variable element ratio 有权
标题翻译：使用可变元素比的核子光谱中的环境校正
公开(公告)号：US09541668B2
公开(公告)日：2017-01-10
申请号：US14118868
申请日：2012-05-24
申请人： James A. Grau , Jeffrey Miles , Markus Berheide
发明人： James A. Grau , Jeffrey Miles , Markus Berheide
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101 , G01V5/10
摘要： A method for estimating an aspect of a formation using a nuclear spectroscopy tool includes placing a nuclear spectroscopy tool into a borehole and emitting neutrons such that some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from a formation adjacent the nuclear spectroscopy tool and some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from elements within the nuclear spectroscopy tool. An energy spectrum of gamma rays induced by the emitted neutrons can be detected. The energy spectrum includes a background having a plurality of measured spectral components. A background ratio between at least one spectral component of the background and another measured spectral component can be determined or estimated in accordance with environmental measurements. The detected gamma ray spectra can be analyzed using a combination of standard spectra and subtracting at least one spectral component of the background in accordance with the background ratio.
摘要翻译：使用核谱分析工具估计地层的方面的方法包括将核分析仪器放置在钻孔中并发射中子，使得一些中子从邻近核分析仪的地层产生γ射线，并且一些中子产生γ 来自核分析仪器内的元素的光线。可以检测由发射的中子引起的γ射线的能谱。能谱包括具有多个测量的光谱分量的背景。可以根据环境测量来确定或估计背景的至少一个光谱分量与另一测量光谱分量之间的背景比。可以使用标准光谱的组合并根据背景比减去背景的至少一个光谱分量来分析检测到的伽马射线光谱。

9. 发明授权

US08431885B2 Gamma-ray detectors for downhole applications 有权
标题翻译：用于井下应用的伽马射线探测器
公开(公告)号：US08431885B2
公开(公告)日：2013-04-30
申请号：US12783207
申请日：2010-05-19
申请人： Bradley A. Roscoe , James A. Grau
发明人： Bradley A. Roscoe , James A. Grau
IPC分类号： G01V5/12 , G01N5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/125 , G01T1/20 , G01T1/208 , G01V5/08 , G01V5/101 , G01V5/102 , G01V5/105
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties. A preferable detector choice is one where the required measurement precision (logging speed) is obtained for all of the required inelastic elements and/or minimization of unwanted background signals that complicate the data analysis.
摘要翻译：描述了用于伽马射线检测的方法和相关系统。伽马射线探测器取决于其性质以及这些属性如何受数据分析的影响。井下探测器的理想性能包括：高温操作，可靠/坚固的包装，良好的分辨率，高计数能力，高密度，高Z，低放射性背景，低中子截面，高光输出，单衰减时间，效率，线性度，尺寸可用性等。没有一个单一的检测器具有所有这些特性的最佳优点，井下工具设计优选地在现有检测器中选择这些的最佳组合，这将优化所需环境中的测量的性能并且与剩余的非最佳特性一起使用。优选的检测器选择是对于所有所需的非弹性元件获得所需的测量精度（测井速度）和/或使不需要的背景信号的最小化使得数据分析复杂化的选择。

10. 发明申请

US20110284731A1 GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS FOR DOWNHOLE APPLICATIONS 有权
标题翻译：用于井下应用的伽马射线探测器
公开(公告)号：US20110284731A1
公开(公告)日：2011-11-24
申请号：US12783207
申请日：2010-05-19
申请人： Bradley A. Roscoe , James A. Grau , Markus Berheide , Kenneth E. Stephenson
发明人： Bradley A. Roscoe , James A. Grau , Markus Berheide , Kenneth E. Stephenson
IPC分类号： G01V5/12 , G01N23/06 , H05G2/00 , G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/125 , G01T1/20 , G01T1/208 , G01V5/08 , G01V5/101 , G01V5/102 , G01V5/105
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for gamma-ray detection. A gamma-ray detector is made depending on its properties and how those properties are affected by the data analysis. Desirable properties for a downhole detector include; high temperature operation, reliable/robust packaging, good resolution, high countrate capability, high density, high Z, low radioactive background, low neutron cross-section, high light output, single decay time, efficiency, linearity, size availability, etc. Since no single detector has the optimum of all these properties, a downhole tool design preferably picks the best combination of these in existing detectors, which will optimize the performance of the measurement in the required environment and live with the remaining non-optimum properties. A preferable detector choice is one where the required measurement precision (logging speed) is obtained for all of the required inelastic elements and/or minimization of unwanted background signals that complicate the data analysis.
摘要翻译：描述了用于伽马射线检测的方法和相关系统。伽马射线探测器取决于其性质以及这些属性如何受数据分析的影响。井下探测器的理想性能包括：高温操作，可靠/坚固的包装，良好的分辨率，高计数能力，高密度，高Z，低放射性背景，低中子截面，高光输出，单衰减时间，效率，线性度，尺寸可用性等。没有一个单一的检测器具有所有这些特性的最佳优点，井下工具设计优选地在现有检测器中选择这些的最佳组合，这将优化所需环境中的测量的性能并且与剩余的非最佳特性一起使用。优选的检测器选择是对于所有所需的非弹性元件获得所需的测量精度（测井速度）和/或使不需要的背景信号的最小化使得数据分析复杂化的选择。

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