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1. 发明授权

US08546749B2 Intrinsic radioactivity in a scintillator as count rate reference 有权
标题翻译：闪烁体中的固有放射性作为计数率参考
公开(公告)号：US08546749B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-01
申请号：US12713746
申请日：2010-02-26
申请人： Markus Berheide , James A. Grau , Bradley Albert Roscoe , Peter Wraight
发明人： Markus Berheide , James A. Grau , Bradley Albert Roscoe , Peter Wraight
IPC分类号： G01V5/00 , G01V5/04 , G01D18/00
CPC分类号： G01T1/202
摘要： Methods and related systems are described for the detection of nuclear radiation. The system can include a scintillator material that intrinsically generates radiation and a photodetection system coupled to the scintillator material and adapted to generate electrical signals based on light emitted from the scintillator material. A processing system adapted and programmed to receive the electrical signals, to generate a count rate reference value based at least in part on electrical signals generated in response to the light emitted from the scintillator material due to the intrinsically generated radiation.
摘要翻译：描述了用于检测核辐射的方法和相关系统。该系统可以包括本质上产生辐射的闪烁体材料和耦合到闪烁体材料的光电检测系统，并适于基于从闪烁体材料发射的光产生电信号。一种适于和编程为接收电信号的处理系统，以至少部分地基于由于本征产生的辐射而从闪烁体材料发射的光而产生的电信号产生计数速率参考值。

2. 发明授权

US5171986A Methods and apparatus for calibration of BGO scintillator gamma ray energy spectra 失效
标题翻译：用于校准BGO闪烁体γ射线能谱的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5171986A
公开(公告)日：1992-12-15
申请号：US767177
申请日：1991-09-27
申请人： William A. Loomis , James A. Grau , Jerome A. Truax
发明人： William A. Loomis , James A. Grau , Jerome A. Truax
IPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01V5/101
摘要： The energy-to-channel response of a bismuth germanate scintillator (BGO) gamma ray spectra measurement system is calibrated by use of the 10.2 MeV gamma ray peak originating from epithermal neutron capture within the BGO crystal as a calibration reference line. The 10.2 MeV peak is located by successively fitting the detected spectrum to the combination of a gaussian-shaped gamma ray peak and an exponentially-shaped background, beginning at the upper end of the spectrum and successively sliding the fitting window downwards until the peak is reached. Once the 10.2 MeV peak has been located, the spectral gain is adjusted to shift the peak to an assigned calibration channel location adjacent the upper end of the overall spectral window.
摘要翻译：锗酸铋闪烁体（BGO）伽马射线光谱测量系统的能量对通道响应通过使用源自BGO晶体内的超热中子俘获的10.2MeV伽马射线峰值作为校准参考线进行校准。 10.2 MeV峰位置是通过将检测到的光谱连续地拟合到高斯形γ射线峰和指数形背景的组合，从光谱的上端开始，并将拟合窗口向下滑动直到达到峰值。一旦定位了10.2MeV峰值，则调整光谱增益以将峰值移动到与整个光谱窗口的上端相邻的分配的校准通道位置。

3. 发明授权

US4390783A Spectroscopic analysis with background compensation 失效
标题翻译：背景补偿光谱分析
公开(公告)号：US4390783A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-28
申请号：US307930
申请日：1981-10-02
申请人： James A. Grau
发明人： James A. Grau
IPC分类号： G01V5/10 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/102
摘要： The composition of an earth formation is investigated by repetitively irradiating the formation with bursts of incident radiation and generating an unknown energy spectrum from radiation resulting from the interaction of the incident radiation with nuclei of the formation. A background energy spectrum is generated from radiation detected during a time interval adjacent to the interval in which the unknown energy spectrum is measured. A percentage of the background spectrum, shifted to have the best energy-versus-channel number match with that of the unknown spectrum, is then subtracted from the unknown spectrum to produce an improved, unknown spectrum substantially free of background contributions from which an improved, compensated, inelastic neutron interaction log may be generated.
摘要翻译：通过用入射辐射的突发重复地照射地层并从入射辐射与地层的核相互作用产生的辐射产生未知的能谱来研究地层的组成。在与测量未知能谱的间隔相邻的时间间隔内检测到的辐射产生背景能谱。然后从未知光谱中减去背景光谱的一个百分比的百分比，从而将其与未知光谱相匹配的最佳能量对信道数量匹配，以产生基本上没有背景贡献的改进的未知光谱，可以产生补偿的非弹性中子相互作用记录。

4. 发明授权

US10247849B2 Method for measuring formation water salinity from within a borehole 有权
公开(公告)号：US10247849B2
公开(公告)日：2019-04-02
申请号：US14344828
申请日：2012-09-16
申请人： Harold Pfutzner , James A. Grau , Nancy J. Fruhman , Raghu Ramamoorthy , Shouxiang Ma
发明人： Harold Pfutzner , James A. Grau , Ronald E. Plasek , Raghu Ramamoorthy , Shouxiang Ma
IPC分类号： G01V8/12 , G01V8/20 , G01V5/10 , G01V5/04 , G01V5/00
摘要： Methods and systems are described for using pulsed neutron ?-ray spectroscopy to measure formation water salinity from within a borehole. Through generating a cross-plot of database values of ratios of spectroscopically determined yields of hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) from two detectors, deriving apparent salinities therefrom, formation and borehole water salinities can be determined.

5. 发明授权

US09234980B2 Mining systems and methods 有权
标题翻译：采矿系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US09234980B2
公开(公告)日：2016-01-12
申请号：US13990946
申请日：2011-12-02
申请人： Gilles Mathieu , Kent Lang , Peter Wraight , Roland Banas , James A. Grau , Edward Clayton
发明人： Gilles Mathieu , Kent Lang , Peter Wraight , Roland Banas , James A. Grau , Edward Clayton
IPC分类号： G01V5/00 , G01V8/10 , E21B43/28 , E21B47/00 , E21B47/06 , E21B47/09
CPC分类号： G01V8/10 , E21B43/28 , E21B47/00 , E21B47/065 , E21B47/09
摘要： The present invention provides systems and methods capable of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize a coiled tubing directional drilling system capable of treating interior portions of the heap/formation. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize a system and method capable of capturing real time temperature and resistivity data pertaining to pregnant solution characteristics in the heap/formation. In one embodiment, the present invention may utilize one or more wire line deployed X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers capable of quantitatively measuring concentrations of desired metals in the heap/formation during leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention utilizes multiple passes of elemental capture spectroscopy logs acquired at regular time intervals to monitor metal concentrations during leaching operations. In one embodiment, the present invention provides one or more subsurface barriers capable of optimizing leaching operations.
摘要翻译：本发明提供能够提高浸出操作的效率和有效性的系统和方法。在一个实施例中，本发明可以利用能够处理堆/地层内部的连续油管定向钻井系统。在一个实施例中，本发明可以利用能够捕获与堆/地层中的怀孕溶液特征有关的实时温度和电阻率数据的系统和方法。在一个实施方案中，本发明可利用能够在浸出操作期间能够定量测量堆/地层中所需金属浓度的一条或多条有线线路部署的X射线荧光（XRF）光谱仪。在一个实施方案中，本发明利用以规则的时间间隔获得的元素捕获光谱学日志的多次通过来监测浸出操作期间的金属浓度。在一个实施例中，本发明提供能够优化浸出操作的一个或多个地下障碍物。

6. 发明授权

US08963073B2 Nuclear spectroscopy corrections using multiple standards and spatial regions 有权
标题翻译：使用多个标准和空间区域进行核子光谱校正
公开(公告)号：US08963073B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-24
申请号：US14118871
申请日：2012-05-24
申请人： James A. Grau , Jeffrey Miles , Markus Berheide
发明人： James A. Grau , Jeffrey Miles , Markus Berheide
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： A method for estimating an aspect of a formation using a nuclear spectroscopy tool includes placing a nuclear spectroscopy tool including a neutron source and a gamma ray detector into a borehole and performing a plurality of environmental measurements. Neutrons are emitted from the nuclear spectroscopy tool such that some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from a formation adjacent the nuclear spectroscopy tool, some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from elements within the nuclear spectroscopy tool and some of the neutrons generate gamma rays from an element in the drilling mud. An energy spectrum of gamma rays induced by the emitted neutrons can be detected with the tool and analyzed using a combination of standard spectra including at least two sub-standards that represent a common element or group of elements and that are differentiated based on location of neutron interaction, such as where the neutrons thermalize.
摘要翻译：使用核分析工具估计地层的方面的方法包括将包括中子源和伽马射线检测器的核谱仪器放置在钻孔中并执行多个环境测量。中子从核分析仪器发射，使得一些中子从邻近核光谱仪的地层产生γ射线，一些中子从核分析仪器内的元素产生伽马射线，一些中子产生来自钻井泥浆中的元素。可以用工具检测由发射的中子引起的伽马射线的能谱，并使用标准光谱的组合进行分析，标准光谱包括至少两个代表共同元素或元素组的子标准，并基于中子的位置相互作用，例如中子热化的地方。

7. 发明授权

US5521378A Method and apparatus for gamma ray logging of underground formations 失效
标题翻译：地下地层伽马射线测井的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5521378A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-28
申请号：US382458
申请日：1995-02-01
申请人： Bradley A. Roscoe , James A. Grau , Christian Stoller
发明人： Bradley A. Roscoe , James A. Grau , Christian Stoller
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： A method for determining the porosity of an underground formation includes the steps of irradiating the formation with neutrons, detecting and measuring gamma rays resulting from irradiation of the formation, discriminating between gamma rays from the formation and gamma rays from the tool, and using a measurement of the gamma rays from the tool to determine the formation porosity. A suitable logging tool includes a neutron source, a gamma ray detector, means for discriminating between gamma rays from the formation and gamma rays from the tool, and means for relating the gamma rays from the tool to the formation porosity.
摘要翻译：用于确定地下地层孔隙度的方法包括以下步骤：用中子照射地层，检测和测量由地层照射产生的伽马射线，区分来自地层的伽马射线和来自工具的伽马射线，以及使用测量的γ射线从工具确定地层孔隙度。合适的测井工具包括中子源，伽马射线探测器，用于区分来自地层的伽马射线和来自工具的伽马射线的装置，以及用于将来自工具的伽马射线与地层孔隙相关联的装置。

8. 发明授权

US5097123A Broad energy spectra neutron source for logging and method 失效
标题翻译：用于测井和方法的宽能谱中子源
公开(公告)号：US5097123A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-17
申请号：US683402
申请日：1991-04-10
申请人： James A. Grau , Bradley A. Roscoe
发明人： James A. Grau , Bradley A. Roscoe
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： Logging method and tool string for identifying and determining the concentrations of subsurface formation elements next to a borehole, by (i) using a broad energy spectra neutron source (such as a chemical source, like AmBe), and (ii) detecting and counting the delayed gamma rays resulting from the activation by the neutrons of atoms of least one element of interest (e.g. aluminum). Two gamma ray detectors may also be disposed on either side of the broad energy spectra neutron source, for detecting and counting the prompt gamma rays resulting from the capture of neutrons by atoms of elements, such as Si, Ca, Fe, S, H, or Cl, Gd, Ti, or K.The broad energy spectra neutron source is used for both the "activation" and the "capture" measurements. The tool string may also include a natural gamma ray tool for the determination of uranium, thorium and potassium, and for measuring the background to be subtracted from the gross Al activation measurement.
摘要翻译：记录方法和工具串，用于通过（i）使用宽能谱中子源（例如化学来源，如AmBe）来识别和确定钻孔旁边的地下构造元素的浓度，以及（ii）检测和计数由至少一个感兴趣的元素的原子的中子（例如铝）激活产生的延迟的伽马射线。两个伽马射线探测器也可以设置在宽能谱中子源的任一侧上，用于检测和计数由诸如Si，Ca，Fe，S，H等元素的原子捕获中子产生的迅速伽马射线，或Cl，Gd，Ti或K.宽能谱中子源用于“激活”和“捕获”测量两者。工具串还可以包括用于确定铀，钍和钾的自然伽马射线工具，并且用于测量从总的Al激活测量中减去的背景。

9. 发明授权

US4661701A Methods and apparatus for borehole-corrected spectral analysis of earth formations 失效
标题翻译：地层钻孔校正光谱分析方法与装置
公开(公告)号：US4661701A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-28
申请号：US756007
申请日：1985-07-17
申请人： James A. Grau
发明人： James A. Grau
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101
摘要： Capture gamma ray spectroscopy measurements of earth formations traversed by a borehole are corrected for the influence thereon of the geometry and constituents of the borehole, thereby affording more accurate measurements of the spectral contributions from the formation elements. A partition factor is determined for each separate homogeneous region in the borehole/formation measurement environment, i.e., the tool, the borehole fluid, the casing (if present), the cement annulus (if present), and the formation, and these factors are plugged into predetermined elemental yield relationships, for the elements for which capture spectral measurements are made, to determine the volumetric fractions of such elements (or minerals containing such elements) in the formation.
摘要翻译：针对钻孔穿过的地层的捕获伽马射线光谱测量，对其几何形状和钻孔的组成的影响进行了校正，从而提供了来自地层元素的光谱贡献的更准确的测量。对于钻孔/地层测量环境中的每个单独的均匀区域，即工具，井眼流体，套管（如果存在），水泥环（如果存在）和地层，确定分隔因子，这些因素是对于进行捕获光谱测量的元素，为了确定地层中这些元素（或含有这些元素的矿物）的体积分数，插入预定的元素产量关系。

10. 发明授权

US4394574A Methods and apparatus for constituent analysis of earth formations 失效
标题翻译：地层构成分析方法与装置
公开(公告)号：US4394574A
公开(公告)日：1983-07-19
申请号：US187123
申请日：1980-09-15
申请人： James A. Grau , Russel C. Hertzog
发明人： James A. Grau , Russel C. Hertzog
IPC分类号： G01V5/10 , G01V5/00
CPC分类号： G01V5/102
摘要： The composition of a geological formation traversed by a borehole is investigated by measuring an energy spectrum of the radiation within the borehole. The measured spectrum is thereafter analyzed by comparing it with a composite spectrum, made up of standard spectra of constituents postulated to comprise the formation-borehole system. As a result of such analysis, the proportions of the postulated constituents in the formation are determined. Where the measured spectrum is subject to degradation due to changes in the resolution of the detector, a filtering arrangement effects modification of the standard spectra in a manner which provides for a more accurate determination of the constituents of the borehole-formation system.
摘要翻译：通过测量钻孔内辐射的能谱来研究由钻孔穿过的地质构造的组成。然后通过将测量的光谱与由假定构成地层钻孔系统的组分的标准光谱组成的复合光谱进行比较来分析。作为这种分析的结果，确定地层中假定的成分的比例。在由于检测器的分辨率的变化而测量的光谱被降解的情况下，滤波装置以提供对钻孔成形系统的成分的更准确的确定的方式影响标准光谱的修改。

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