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1. 发明授权

US07184059B1 Graphics system with copy out conversions between embedded frame buffer and main memory 有权
标题翻译：嵌入式帧缓冲区和主内存之间具有复制转换的图形系统
公开(公告)号：US07184059B1
公开(公告)日：2007-02-27
申请号：US09722663
申请日：2000-11-28
申请人： Farhad Fouladi , Mark M. Leather , Robert Moore , Howard Cheng , Timothy J. Van Hook
发明人： Farhad Fouladi , Mark M. Leather , Robert Moore , Howard Cheng , Timothy J. Van Hook
IPC分类号： G09G5/02 , G09G5/397 , G06T1/20
CPC分类号： G09G5/363 , G06T15/005 , G09G5/02 , G09G5/391 , G09G5/393 , G09G5/399 , G09G2320/0247 , G09G2320/0276 , G09G2340/0407 , G09G2360/127
摘要： A graphics system including a custom graphics and audio processor produces exciting 2D and 3D graphics and surround sound. The system includes a graphics and audio processor including a 3D graphics pipeline and an audio digital signal processor. The graphics processor includes an embedded frame buffer for storing frame data prior to sending the frame data to an external location, such as main memory. A copy pipeline is provided which converts the data from one format to another format prior to writing the data to the external location. The conversion may be from one RGB color format to another RGB color format, from one YUV format to another YUV format, from an RGB color format to a YUV color format, or from a YUV color format to an RGB color format. The formatted data is either transferred to a display buffer, for use by the video interface, or to a texture buffer, for use as a texture by the graphics pipeline in a subsequent rendering process.
摘要翻译：包括定制图形和音频处理器的图形系统产生令人兴奋的2D和3D图形和环绕声。该系统包括包括3D图形流水线和音频数字信号处理器的图形和音频处理器。图形处理器包括用于在将帧数据发送到诸如主存储器的外部位置之前存储帧数据的嵌入式帧缓冲器。提供了一个复制流水线，在将数据写入外部位置之前，将数据从一种格式转换为另一种格式。该转换可以是从一种RGB颜色格式到另一种RGB颜色格式，从一种YUV格式到另一种YUV格式，从RGB颜色格式到YUV颜色格式，或者从YUV颜色格式到RGB颜色格式。格式化的数据被传送到显示缓冲器，供视频接口或纹理缓冲区使用，用于随后渲染过程中图形管线的纹理。

2. 发明授权

US06937245B1 Graphics system with embedded frame buffer having reconfigurable pixel formats 有权
标题翻译：具有嵌入式帧缓冲器的图形系统具有可重构像素格式
公开(公告)号：US06937245B1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US09722380
申请日：2000-11-28
申请人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi
发明人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi
IPC分类号： G06T15/00 , G09K5/397
CPC分类号： G06T15/005 , A63F2300/203
摘要： A graphics system including a custom graphics and audio processor produces exciting 2D and 3D graphics and surround sound. The system includes a graphics and audio processor including a 3D graphics pipeline and an audio digital signal processor. The graphics system has a graphics processor includes an embedded frame buffer for storing frame data prior to sending the frame data to an external location, such as main memory. The embedded frame buffer is selectively configurable to store the following pixel formats: point sampled RGB color and depth, super-sampled RGB color and depth, and YUV (luma/chroma). Graphics commands are provided which enable the programmer to configure the embedded frame buffer for any of the pixel formats on a frame-by-frame basis.
摘要翻译：包括定制图形和音频处理器的图形系统产生令人兴奋的2D和3D图形和环绕声。该系统包括包括3D图形流水线和音频数字信号处理器的图形和音频处理器。图形系统具有图形处理器，其包括用于在将帧数据发送到诸如主存储器的外部位置之前存储帧数据的嵌入式帧缓冲器。嵌入式帧缓冲器可选择配置为存储以下像素格式：点采样RGB颜色和深度，超采样RGB颜色和深度以及YUV（亮度/色度）。提供了图形命令，使得编程器能够逐帧地为任何像素格式配置嵌入式帧缓冲器。

3. 发明授权

US08774535B2 Method and apparatus for compression of multi-sampled anti-aliasing color data 有权
标题翻译：用于压缩多采样抗锯齿色彩数据的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08774535B2
公开(公告)日：2014-07-08
申请号：US13352455
申请日：2012-01-18
申请人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi , Gordon Elder, III
发明人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi , Gordon Elder, III
IPC分类号： G06K9/36 , G06T9/00 , H04N1/64
CPC分类号： G06T9/00 , G06T11/40 , H04N1/644 , H04N19/186 , H04N19/423
摘要： The present invention provides a scheme for compressing the color components of image data, and in particular, data used in multi-sampled anti-aliasing applications. Adjacent pixels are grouped into rectangular tiles, with the sample colors stored in compressed formats accessible via an encoded pointer. In one embodiment, duplicate colors are stored once. Unlike prior compression schemes that rely on pixel to pixel correlation, the present invention takes advantages of the sample to sample correlation that exists within the pixels. A memory and graphics processor configuration incorporating the tile compression schemes is also provided. The configuration defines the tile sizes in main memory and cache memory. In one embodiment, graphics processor relies on a Tile Format Table (TFT) to process incoming tiles in compressed formats. The present invention reduces memory consumption and speeds up essential and oft-repeated operations in rendering. Thus it is valuable in the design and manufacture of graphic sub-systems.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于压缩图像数据的颜色分量的方案，特别是用于多采样抗锯齿应用中的数据。相邻像素被分组成矩形瓦片，样本颜色以压缩格式存储，可通过编码指针访问。在一个实施例中，重复的颜色被存储一次。与依赖于像素到像素相关的先前的压缩方案不同，本发明利用样本对存在于像素内的相关性进行采样的优点。还提供了并入瓦片压缩方案的存储器和图形处理器配置。该配置定义主存储器和高速缓冲存储器中的磁贴大小。在一个实施例中，图形处理器依赖于平铺格式表（Tile Format Table，TFT格式表）来处理压缩格式的传入片。本发明减少了存储器消耗并加速了渲染中的基本和重复操作。因此，它在图形子系统的设计和制造中是有价值的。

4. 发明申请

US20100073394A1 Graphics system with embedded frame buffer having reconfigurable pixel formats 有权
标题翻译：具有嵌入式帧缓冲器的图形系统具有可重构像素格式
公开(公告)号：US20100073394A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-25
申请号：US12461238
申请日：2009-08-05
申请人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi
发明人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi
IPC分类号： G09G5/02
CPC分类号： G06T15/005 , G09G5/363
摘要： A graphics system including a custom graphics and audio processor produces exciting 2D and 3D graphics and surround sound. The system includes a graphics and audio processor including a 3D graphics pipeline and an audio digital signal processor. The graphics system has a graphics processor includes an embedded frame buffer for storing frame data prior to sending the frame data to an external location, such as main memory. The embedded frame buffer is selectively configurable to store the following pixel formats: point sampled RGB color and depth, super-sampled RGB color and depth, and YUV (luma/chroma). Graphics commands are provided which enable the programmer to configure the embedded frame buffer for any of the pixel formats on a frame-by-frame basis.
摘要翻译：包括定制图形和音频处理器的图形系统产生令人兴奋的2D和3D图形和环绕声。该系统包括包括3D图形流水线和音频数字信号处理器的图形和音频处理器。图形系统具有图形处理器，其包括用于在将帧数据发送到诸如主存储器的外部位置之前存储帧数据的嵌入式帧缓冲器。嵌入式帧缓冲器可选择配置为存储以下像素格式：点采样RGB颜色和深度，超采样RGB颜色和深度以及YUV（亮度/色度）。提供了图形命令，使得编程器能够逐帧地为任何像素格式配置嵌入式帧缓冲器。

5. 发明授权

US06867781B1 Graphics pipeline token synchronization 有权
标题翻译：图形流水线令牌同步
公开(公告)号：US06867781B1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-15
申请号：US09722419
申请日：2000-11-28
申请人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi , Robert Moore , Howard H. Cheng
发明人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi , Robert Moore , Howard H. Cheng
IPC分类号： G06T1/20
CPC分类号： G06T1/20
摘要： A graphics system including a custom graphics and audio processor produces exciting 2D and 3D graphics and surround sound. The system includes a graphics and audio processor including a 3D graphics pipeline and an audio digital signal processor. The graphics pipeline processes graphics commands at different rates depending upon the type of operation being performed. This makes it difficult to synchronize pipeline operations with external operations (e.g., a graphics processor with a main processor). To solve this problem, a synchronization token including a programmable data message is inserted into a graphics command stream sent to a graphics pipeline. At a predetermined point near the bottom of the pipeline, the token is captured and a signal is generated indicated the token has arrived. The graphics command producer can look at the captured token to determine which of multiple possible tokens has been captured, and can use the information to synchronize a task with the graphics pipeline. Applications include maintaining memory coherence in memory shared between the 3D graphics pipeline and a graphics command producer.
摘要翻译：包括定制图形和音频处理器的图形系统产生令人兴奋的2D和3D图形和环绕声。该系统包括包括3D图形流水线和音频数字信号处理器的图形和音频处理器。图形管线根据正在执行的操作类型以不同的速率处理图形命令。这使得难以将流水线操作与外部操作（例如，具有主处理器的图形处理器）同步。为了解决这个问题，将包括可编程数据消息的同步令牌插入发送到图形流水线的图形命令流中。在管道底部附近的预定点，捕获令牌，并产生指示令牌到达的信号。图形命令制作者可以查看捕获的令牌以确定已经捕获了多个可能的令牌，并且可以使用该信息将任务与图形管线同步。应用程序包括维护3D图形流水线与图形命令生成器之间共享的内存中的内存一致性。

6. 发明授权

US06717577B1 Vertex cache for 3D computer graphics 有权
标题翻译： 3D计算机图形的顶点缓存
公开(公告)号：US06717577B1
公开(公告)日：2004-04-06
申请号：US09465754
申请日：1999-12-17
申请人： Howard H. Cheng , Robert Moore , Farhad Fouladi , Timothy J. Van Hook
发明人： Howard H. Cheng , Robert Moore , Farhad Fouladi , Timothy J. Van Hook
IPC分类号： G06T1500
CPC分类号： G06T17/00 , G06F12/0875 , G06T15/005
摘要： In a 3D interactive computer graphics system such as a video game display system, polygon vertex data is fed to a 3D graphics processor/display engine via a vertex cache used to cache and organize indexed primitive vertex data streams. The vertex cache may be a small, low-latency cache memory local to the display engine hardware. Polygons can be represented as indexed arrays, e.g., indexed linear lists of data components representing some feature of a vertex (for example, positions, colors, surface normals, or texture coordinates). The vertex cache can fetch the relevant blocks of indexed vertex attribute data on an as-needed basis to make it available to the display processor—providing spatial locality for display processing without requiring the vertex data to be prestored in display order. Efficiency can be increased by customizing and optimizing the vertex cache and associated tags for the purpose of delivering vertices to the graphics engine—allowing more efficient prefetching and assembling of vertices than might be possible using a general-purpose cache and tag structure.
摘要翻译：在诸如视频游戏显示系统的3D交互式计算机图形系统中，通过用于高速缓存和组织索引的原始顶点数据流的顶点高速缓存将多边形顶点数据馈送到3D图形处理器/显示引擎。顶点缓存可以是显示引擎硬件本地的小的，低延迟的高速缓存。多边形可以表示为索引数组，例如表示某个顶点特征的数据组件的索引线性列表（例如，位置，颜色，表面法线或纹理坐标）。顶点高速缓存可以根据需要提取索引顶点属性数据的相关块，使其可用于显示处理器 - 提供用于显示处理的空间位置，而不需要以显示顺序预先存储顶点数据。可以通过定制和优化顶点缓存和相关标签来提高效率，以便将顶点传递给图形引擎，从而允许比使用通用缓存和标签结构可能更有效的预取和组合顶点。

7. 发明申请

US20120183215A1 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSION OF MULTI-SAMPLED ANTI-ALIASING COLOR DATA 有权
标题翻译：多采样抗锯齿数据压缩方法与装置
公开(公告)号：US20120183215A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-19
申请号：US13352455
申请日：2012-01-18
申请人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi , Gordon Elder, III
发明人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi , Gordon Elder, III
IPC分类号： G06K9/36 , G06T9/00
CPC分类号： G06T9/00 , G06T11/40 , H04N1/644 , H04N19/186 , H04N19/423
摘要： The present invention provides a scheme for compressing the color components of image data, and in particular, data used in multi-sampled anti-aliasing applications. Adjacent pixels are grouped into rectangular tiles, with the sample colors stored in compressed formats accessible via an encoded pointer. In one embodiment, duplicate colors are stored once. Unlike prior compression schemes that rely on pixel to pixel correlation, the present invention takes advantages of the sample to sample correlation that exists within the pixels. A memory and graphics processor configuration incorporating the tile compression schemes is also provided. The configuration defines the tile sizes in main memory and cache memory. In one embodiment, graphics processor relies on a Tile Format Table (TFT) to process incoming tiles in compressed formats. The present invention reduces memory consumption and speeds up essential and oft-repeated operations in rendering. Thus it is valuable in the design and manufacture of graphic sub-systems.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于压缩图像数据的颜色分量的方案，特别是用于多采样抗锯齿应用中的数据。相邻像素被分组成矩形瓦片，样本颜色以压缩格式存储，可通过编码指针访问。在一个实施例中，重复的颜色被存储一次。与依赖于像素到像素相关的先前的压缩方案不同，本发明利用样本对存在于像素内的相关性进行采样的优点。还提供了并入瓦片压缩方案的存储器和图形处理器配置。该配置定义主存储器和高速缓冲存储器中的磁贴大小。在一个实施例中，图形处理器依赖于平铺格式表（Tile Format Table，TFT格式表）来处理压缩格式的传入片。本发明减少了存储器消耗并加速了渲染中的基本和重复操作。因此，它在图形子系统的设计和制造中是有价值的。

8. 发明授权

US08111928B2 Method and apparatus for compression of multi-sampled anti-aliasing color data 有权
标题翻译：用于压缩多采样抗锯齿色彩数据的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US08111928B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-07
申请号：US10672707
申请日：2003-09-26
申请人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi , Gordon Elder
发明人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi , Gordon Elder
IPC分类号： G06K9/36
CPC分类号： G06T9/00 , G06T11/40 , H04N1/644 , H04N19/186 , H04N19/423
摘要： The present invention provides a scheme for compressing the color components of image data, and in particular, data used in multi-sampled anti-aliasing applications. Adjacent pixels are grouped into rectangular tiles, with the sample colors stored in compressed formats accessible via an encoded pointer. In one embodiment, duplicate colors are stored once. Unlike prior compression schemes that rely on pixel to pixel correlation, the present invention takes advantages of the sample to sample correlation that exists within the pixels. A memory and graphics processor configuration incorporating the tile compression schemes is also provided. The configuration defines the tile sizes in main memory and cache memory. In one embodiment, graphics processor relies on a Tile Format Table (TFT) to process incoming tiles in compressed formats. The present invention reduces memory consumption and speeds up essential and oft-repeated operations in rendering. Thus it is valuable in the design and manufacture of graphic sub-systems.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于压缩图像数据的颜色分量的方案，特别是用于多采样抗锯齿应用中的数据。相邻像素被分组成矩形瓦片，样本颜色以压缩格式存储，可通过编码指针访问。在一个实施例中，重复的颜色被存储一次。与依赖于像素到像素相关的先前的压缩方案不同，本发明利用样本对存在于像素内的相关性进行采样的优点。还提供了并入瓦片压缩方案的存储器和图形处理器配置。该配置定义主存储器和高速缓冲存储器中的磁贴大小。在一个实施例中，图形处理器依赖于平铺格式表（Tile Format Table，TFT格式表）来处理压缩格式的传入片。本发明减少了存储器消耗并加速了渲染中的基本和重复操作。因此，它在图形子系统的设计和制造中是有价值的。

9. 发明授权

US07576748B2 Graphics system with embedded frame butter having reconfigurable pixel formats 有权
标题翻译：具有可重构像素格式的嵌入式框架黄油的图形系统
公开(公告)号：US07576748B2
公开(公告)日：2009-08-18
申请号：US11398531
申请日：2006-04-06
申请人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi
发明人： Timothy J. Van Hook , Farhad Fouladi
IPC分类号： G09G5/36 , G09G5/397 , G09G5/02
CPC分类号： G06T15/005 , G09G5/363
摘要： A graphics system including a custom graphics and audio processor produces exciting 2D and 3D graphics and surround sound. The system includes a graphics and audio processor including a 3D graphics pipeline and an audio digital signal processor. The graphics system has a graphics processor includes an embedded frame buffer for storing frame data prior to sending the frame data to an external location, such as main memory. The embedded frame buffer is selectively configurable to store the following pixel formats: point sampled RGB color and depth, super-sampled RGB color and depth, and YUV (luma/chroma). Graphics commands are provided which enable the programmer to configure the embedded frame buffer for any of the pixel formats on a frame-by-frame basis.
摘要翻译：包括定制图形和音频处理器的图形系统产生令人兴奋的2D和3D图形和环绕声。该系统包括包括3D图形流水线和音频数字信号处理器的图形和音频处理器。图形系统具有图形处理器，其包括用于在将帧数据发送到诸如主存储器的外部位置之前存储帧数据的嵌入式帧缓冲器。嵌入式帧缓冲器可选择配置为存储以下像素格式：点采样RGB颜色和深度，超采样RGB颜色和深度以及YUV（亮度/色度）。提供了图形命令，使得编程器能够逐帧地为任何像素格式配置嵌入式帧缓冲器。

10. 发明授权

US07317459B2 Graphics system with copy out conversions between embedded frame buffer and main memory for producing a streaming video image as a texture on a displayed object image 有权
标题翻译：在嵌入式帧缓冲器和主存储器之间具有拷贝转换的图形系统，用于在显示的对象图像上生成流视频图像作为纹理
公开(公告)号：US07317459B2
公开(公告)日：2008-01-08
申请号：US11604374
申请日：2006-11-27
申请人： Farhad Fouladi , Mark M. Leather , Robert Moore , Howard Cheng , Timothy J. Van Hook
发明人： Farhad Fouladi , Mark M. Leather , Robert Moore , Howard Cheng , Timothy J. Van Hook
IPC分类号： G09G5/02 , G09G5/397 , G06T1/20
CPC分类号： G09G5/363 , G06T15/005 , G09G5/02 , G09G5/391 , G09G5/393 , G09G5/399 , G09G2320/0247 , G09G2320/0276 , G09G2340/0407 , G09G2360/127
摘要： A graphics processor includes an embedded frame buffer for storing frame data prior to sending the frame data to an external location, such as main memory. A copy pipeline is provided which converts the data from one format to another format prior to writing the data to the external location. The conversion may be from one RGB color format to another RGB color format, from one YUV format to another YUV format, from an RGB color format to a YUV color format, or from a YUV color format to an RGB color format. MPEG image data initially stored in main memory in a YUV format as a texture is transferred to the embedded frame buffer prior to initiating a copy-out process via the copy pipeline from the embedded frame buffer to an external frame buffer in main memory. During the copy-out process, pixels are converted from YUV format to an RGB format. A new texture image containing MPEG image data is placed in the embedded frame buffer prior to each successive copy out process operation so as to produce a streaming video image as a surface texture on at least a portion of a displayed object image.
摘要翻译：图形处理器包括用于在将帧数据发送到诸如主存储器的外部位置之前存储帧数据的嵌入式帧缓冲器。提供了一个复制流水线，在将数据写入外部位置之前，将数据从一种格式转换为另一种格式。该转换可以是从一种RGB颜色格式到另一种RGB颜色格式，从一种YUV格式到另一种YUV格式，从RGB颜色格式到YUV颜色格式，或者从YUV颜色格式到RGB颜色格式。最初以YUV格式存储在主存储器中的作为纹理的MPEG图像数据在通过复制流水线从嵌入式帧缓冲器发送到主存储器中的外部帧缓冲器之前被发送到嵌入式帧缓冲器。在复制过程中，像素从YUV格式转换为RGB格式。在每个连续的拷贝输出处理操作之前，将包含MPEG图像数据的新纹理图像放置在嵌入式帧缓冲器中，以便在所显示的对象图像的至少一部分上产生作为表面纹理的流式视频图像。

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