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1. 发明授权

US06508242B2 System for estimating engine exhaust temperature 有权
公开(公告)号：US06508242B2
公开(公告)日：2003-01-21
申请号：US09774664
申请日：2001-01-31
申请人： Salim A. Jaliwala , Paul R. Miller , Larry J. Brackney , Thomas A. Dollmeyer , John F. Wright , Gary L. Hunter
发明人： Salim A. Jaliwala , Paul R. Miller , Larry J. Brackney , Thomas A. Dollmeyer , John F. Wright , Gary L. Hunter
IPC分类号： F02D4100
CPC分类号： F02D41/0235 , F01N9/005 , F02D41/0065 , F02D41/1446 , F02D41/1447 , F02D41/187 , F02D2200/0406 , F02D2200/0414 , Y02T10/47
摘要： A system is provided for estimating engine exhaust temperature in accordance with an exhaust temperature model based on a number of engine operating parameters. In one embodiment, the engine exhaust temperature model is based on current values of engine speed, intake manifold temperature, mass charge flow, default fuel command parameters, and a first set of model constants. In an alternative embodiment, the engine exhaust temperature model is based on current values of engine speed, intake manifold temperature, intake manifold pressure, mass charge flow, default fueling parameters, and a second set of model constants including a lower heating value of fuel constant.

2. 发明授权

US06837227B2 System and method for estimating EGR mass flow and EGR fraction 有权
$System and method for estimating EGR mass flow and EGR fraction$
标题翻译：用于估算EGR质量流量和EGR分数的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06837227B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-04
申请号：US09774897
申请日：2001-01-31
申请人： Salim A. Jaliwala , Paul R. Miller , Larry J. Brackney , Thomas A. Dollmeyer , Chuan He , George Brunemann , John F. Wright , Stephen J. Charlton
发明人： Salim A. Jaliwala , Paul R. Miller , Larry J. Brackney , Thomas A. Dollmeyer , Chuan He , George Brunemann , John F. Wright , Stephen J. Charlton
IPC分类号： F02B29/04 , F02D21/08 , F02M25/07 , F02B47/08
CPC分类号： F02D41/0072 , F02B29/0406 , F02B29/0493 , F02M26/05 , F02M26/23 , F02M26/33 , F02M26/47 , Y02T10/47
摘要： A system is disclosed for estimating the mass flow of recirculated exhaust gas (EGR) from an exhaust manifold to an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine via an EGR conduit disposed therebetween and a fraction of EGR attributable to a mass of charge flow entering the intake manifold. An engine controller is responsive to current values of various combinations of the engine exhaust temperature (ETE), intake manifold pressure (IMP), differential pressure (ΔP) across an EGR valve, and EGR valve position (EGRP) to determine an estimate of EGR mass flow. The controller is further operable to estimate EGR fraction as a function of the estimated EGR mass flow value, mass flow of charge entering the intake manifold, and engine speed.

3. 发明授权

US06907870B2 Multiple operating mode engine and method of operation 有权
标题翻译：多种操作模式引擎和操作方法
公开(公告)号：US06907870B2
公开(公告)日：2005-06-21
申请号：US10762354
申请日：2004-01-23
申请人： Axel O. zur Loye , Larry J. Brackney , Cariappa M. Chenanda , Robert M. Hurst , Lester L. Peters , Patrick M. Pierz , John F. Wright
发明人： Axel O. zur Loye , Larry J. Brackney , Cariappa M. Chenanda , Robert M. Hurst , Lester L. Peters , Patrick M. Pierz , John F. Wright
IPC分类号： F01N3/28 , F02B1/04 , F02B1/12 , F02B3/06 , F02B11/00 , F02B17/00 , F02B23/06 , F02B37/18 , F02B37/22 , F02B69/00 , F02B75/12 , F02D9/02 , F02D9/04 , F02D13/02 , F02D15/04 , F02D19/02 , F02D19/06 , F02D19/08 , F02D19/10 , F02D21/08 , F02D23/02 , F02D35/02 , F02D41/00 , F02D41/02 , F02D41/04 , F02D41/06 , F02D41/30 , F02D41/34 , F02D41/38 , F02D41/40 , F02D43/00 , F02D45/00 , F02M21/02 , F02M21/04 , F02M25/07 , F02M43/00 , F02M45/02 , F02M63/00 , F02M69/04 , F02N11/04 , F02P1/00
CPC分类号： F02D13/0203 , F01N3/28 , F02B1/04 , F02B1/12 , F02B3/06 , F02B17/005 , F02B23/0672 , F02B29/0406 , F02B29/0418 , F02B37/18 , F02B37/22 , F02B69/00 , F02B2075/125 , F02D9/04 , F02D13/0215 , F02D13/0234 , F02D13/0269 , F02D15/04 , F02D19/061 , F02D19/0631 , F02D19/0647 , F02D19/0689 , F02D19/0692 , F02D19/081 , F02D19/105 , F02D35/02 , F02D35/022 , F02D35/023 , F02D35/025 , F02D35/028 , F02D41/0025 , F02D41/0027 , F02D41/3035 , F02D41/3064 , F02D41/3094 , F02D41/40 , F02D41/401 , F02D41/402 , F02D41/403 , F02D41/405 , F02D2041/389 , F02D2250/18 , F02M26/01 , F02M26/05 , F02M26/10 , F02M43/00 , F02M45/02 , F02M69/044 , F02M69/045 , F02M69/046 , F02N11/04 , Y02T10/123 , Y02T10/125 , Y02T10/128 , Y02T10/142 , Y02T10/144 , Y02T10/36 , Y02T10/42 , Y02T10/44
摘要： A multi-mode internal combustion engine and method of operating the engine is provided which is capable of operating in a variety of modes based on engine operating conditions to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The multi-mode engine include a fuel delivery system and control system for permitting the engine to operate in a diesel mode, a homogeneous charge dual fuel transition mode, a spark ignition or liquid spark ignition mode and/or a premixed charge compression ignition mode. The control system and method permits the engine operation to transfer between the various modes in an effective and efficient manner by controlling one or more fuel delivery devices or other engine components so as to move along a continuous transfer path while maintaining engine torque at a substantially constant level.
摘要翻译：提供多模式内燃机和操作发动机的方法，其能够基于发动机操作条件以各种模式操作，以提高燃料效率并减少排放。多模式发动机包括用于允许发动机以柴油模式，均质充气双燃料转换模式，火花点火或液体火花点火模式和/或预混充气压缩点火模式操作的燃料输送系统和控制系统。控制系统和方法允许发动机操作通过控制一个或多个燃料输送装置或其他发动机部件以有效和有效的方式在各种模式之间传递，以便沿着连续输送路径移动，同时将发动机转矩保持在基本恒定水平。

4. 发明授权

US06684849B2 Multiple operating mode engine and method of operation 有权
标题翻译：多种操作模式引擎和操作方法
公开(公告)号：US06684849B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-03
申请号：US10387579
申请日：2003-03-14
申请人： Axel O. zur Loye , Larry J. Brackney , Cariappa M. Chenanda , Robert M. Hurst , Lester L. Peters , Patrick M. Pierz , John F. Wright
发明人： Axel O. zur Loye , Larry J. Brackney , Cariappa M. Chenanda , Robert M. Hurst , Lester L. Peters , Patrick M. Pierz , John F. Wright
IPC分类号： F02B1700
CPC分类号： F02D13/0203 , F01N3/28 , F02B1/04 , F02B1/12 , F02B3/06 , F02B17/005 , F02B23/0672 , F02B29/0406 , F02B29/0418 , F02B37/18 , F02B37/22 , F02B69/00 , F02B2075/125 , F02D9/04 , F02D13/0215 , F02D13/0234 , F02D13/0269 , F02D15/04 , F02D19/061 , F02D19/0631 , F02D19/0647 , F02D19/0689 , F02D19/0692 , F02D19/081 , F02D19/105 , F02D35/02 , F02D35/022 , F02D35/023 , F02D35/025 , F02D35/028 , F02D41/0025 , F02D41/0027 , F02D41/3035 , F02D41/3064 , F02D41/3094 , F02D41/40 , F02D41/401 , F02D41/402 , F02D41/403 , F02D41/405 , F02D2041/389 , F02D2250/18 , F02M26/01 , F02M26/05 , F02M26/10 , F02M43/00 , F02M45/02 , F02M69/044 , F02M69/045 , F02M69/046 , F02N11/04 , Y02T10/123 , Y02T10/125 , Y02T10/128 , Y02T10/142 , Y02T10/144 , Y02T10/36 , Y02T10/42 , Y02T10/44
摘要： A multi-mode internal combustion engine and method of operating the engine is provided which is capable of operating in a variety of modes based on engine operating conditions to enhance fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. The multi-mode engine include a fuel delivery system and control system for permitting the engine to operate in a diesel mode, a homogeneous charge dual fuel transition mode, a spark ignition or liquid spark ignition mode and/or a premixed charge compression ignition mode. The control system and method permits the engine operation to transfer between the various modes in an effective and efficient manner by controlling one or more fuel delivery devices or other engine components so as to move along a continuous transfer path while maintaining engine torque at a substantially constant level.
摘要翻译：提供多模式内燃机和操作发动机的方法，其能够基于发动机操作条件以各种模式操作，以提高燃料效率并减少排放。多模式发动机包括用于允许发动机以柴油模式，均质充气双燃料转换模式，火花点火或液体火花点火模式和/或预混充气压缩点火模式操作的燃料输送系统和控制系统。控制系统和方法允许发动机操作通过控制一个或多个燃料输送装置或其他发动机部件以有效和有效的方式在各种模式之间传递，以便沿着连续输送路径移动，同时将发动机转矩保持在基本恒定水平。

5. 发明授权

US06286482B1 Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control 失效
标题翻译：具有最佳燃烧控制的预混合充气压缩点火式发动机
公开(公告)号：US06286482B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-11
申请号：US08916437
申请日：1997-08-22
申请人： Patrick F. Flynn , Gary L. Hunter , Axel O. zur Loye , Omowoleoia C. Akinyemi , Russ P. Durrett , Greg A. Moore , Jackie M. Mudd , George G. Muntean , Julie A. Wagner , John F. Wright
发明人： Patrick F. Flynn , Gary L. Hunter , Axel O. zur Loye , Omowoleoia C. Akinyemi , Russ P. Durrett , Greg A. Moore , Jackie M. Mudd , George G. Muntean , Julie A. Wagner , John F. Wright
IPC分类号： F02M700
CPC分类号： F02D41/3029 , F02B1/12 , F02B3/06 , F02B19/14 , F02B2075/025 , F02B2275/32 , F02D13/0203 , F02D13/0215 , F02D13/0261 , F02D13/0269 , F02D15/04 , F02D19/0649 , F02D35/023 , F02D41/0025 , F02D41/3035 , F02D41/3041 , F02D41/38 , F02D2013/0292 , F02M26/01 , F02M26/07 , F02M26/08 , F02M26/23 , F02M26/28 , F02M26/33 , F02M26/43 , F02M31/02 , F02M31/20 , F02P19/00 , Y02T10/12 , Y02T10/125 , Y02T10/126 , Y02T10/128 , Y02T10/142 , Y02T10/36 , Y02T10/42
摘要： A premixed charge compression ignition engine, and a control system, is provided which effectively initiates combustion by compression ignition and maintains stable combustion while achieving extremely low oxides of nitrogen emissions, good overall efficiency and acceptable combustion noise and cylinder pressures. The present engine and control system effectively controls the combustion history, that is, the time at which combustion occurs, the rate of combustion, the duration of combustion and/or the completeness of combustion, by controlling the operation of certain control variables providing temperature control, pressure control, control of the mixture's autoignition properties and equivalence ratio control. The combustion control system provides active feedback control of the combustion event and includes a sensor, e.g. pressure sensor, for detecting an engine operating condition indicative of the combustion history, e.g. the start of combustion, and generating an associated engine operating condition signal. A processor receives the signal and generates control signals based on the engine operating condition signal for controlling various engine components to control the temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and\or autoignition properties so as to variably control the combustion history of future combustion events to achieve stable, low emission combustion in each cylinder and combustion balancing between the cylinders.
摘要翻译：提供了预混合充气压缩点火发动机和控制系统，其通过压缩点火有效地启动燃烧并保持稳定的燃烧，同时实现极低的氮氧化物排放，良好的总体效率和可接受的燃烧噪声和气缸压力。本发动机和控制系统通过控制提供温度控制的某些控制变量的操作来有效地控制燃烧历史，即燃烧发生时间，燃烧速率，燃烧持续时间和/或燃烧完整性，压力控制，混合物自燃特性控制和当量比控制。燃烧控制系统提供对燃烧事件的主动反馈控制，并且包括传感器，例如。压力传感器，用于检测指示燃烧历史的发动机运行状态，例如，燃烧开始，并产生相关联的发动机运转状态信号。处理器接收信号并根据发动机工作条件信号产生控制信号，用于控制各种发动机部件以控制温度，压力，当量比和/或自燃特性，以便可变地控制未来燃烧事件的燃烧历史以达到稳定，每个气缸中的低排放燃烧和气缸之间的燃烧平衡。

6. 发明授权

US06276334B1 Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control 有权
标题翻译：具有最佳燃烧控制的预混合充气压缩点火式发动机
公开(公告)号：US06276334B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：US09255780
申请日：1999-02-23
申请人： Patrick F. Flynn , Gary L. Hunter , Axel O. zur Loye , Omowoleola C. Akinyemi , Russ P. Durrett , Greg A. Moore , George G. Muntean , Lester L. Peters , Patrick M. Pierz , Julie A. Wagner , John F. Wright , Jackie M. Yeager
发明人： Patrick F. Flynn , Gary L. Hunter , Axel O. zur Loye , Omowoleola C. Akinyemi , Russ P. Durrett , Greg A. Moore , George G. Muntean , Lester L. Peters , Patrick M. Pierz , Julie A. Wagner , John F. Wright , Jackie M. Yeager
IPC分类号： F02M700
CPC分类号： F02D13/0215 , F01L1/146 , F01L1/181 , F01L1/352 , F01L9/02 , F01L2001/34486 , F01P2003/021 , F01P2060/02 , F02B1/12 , F02B1/14 , F02B3/06 , F02B19/14 , F02B29/00 , F02B29/0412 , F02B29/0418 , F02B29/0493 , F02B33/443 , F02B37/04 , F02B37/18 , F02B75/02 , F02B2075/025 , F02B2075/027 , F02B2275/32 , F02D9/04 , F02D13/0203 , F02D13/0249 , F02D13/0257 , F02D13/0265 , F02D13/0269 , F02D13/0273 , F02D13/0276 , F02D13/028 , F02D15/04 , F02D19/0605 , F02D19/061 , F02D19/0647 , F02D19/0649 , F02D19/0692 , F02D19/08 , F02D19/12 , F02D35/02 , F02D35/023 , F02D35/028 , F02D41/0025 , F02D41/008 , F02D41/0085 , F02D41/3035 , F02D41/3041 , F02D41/38 , F02D41/403 , F02D2041/001 , F02D2041/389 , F02D2200/0414 , F02G2243/24 , F02G2250/24 , F02M25/00 , F02M25/0227 , F02M25/028 , F02M25/03 , F02M26/01 , F02M26/07 , F02M26/08 , F02M26/23 , F02M26/33 , F02M26/615 , F02M31/02 , F02M31/042 , F02P19/00 , Y02T10/12 , Y02T10/125 , Y02T10/126 , Y02T10/128 , Y02T10/14 , Y02T10/142 , Y02T10/144 , Y02T10/146 , Y02T10/36 , Y02T10/42
摘要： A premixed charge compression ignition engine, and a control system, is provided which effectively initiates combustion by compression ignition and maintains stable combustion while achieving extremely low oxides of nitrogen emissions, good overall efficiency and acceptable combustion noise and cylinder pressures. The present engine and control system effectively controls the combustion history, that is, the time at which combustion occurs, the rate of combustion, the duration of combustion and/or the completeness of combustion, by controlling the operation of certain control variables providing temperature control, pressure control, control of the mixture's autoignition properties and equivalence ratio control. The combustion control system provides active feedback control of the combustion event and includes a sensor, e.g. pressure sensor, for detecting an engine operating condition indicative of the combustion history, e.g. the start of combustion, and generating an associated engine operating condition signal. A processor receives the signal and generates control signals based on the engine operating condition signal for controlling various engine components to control the temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and/or autoignition properties so as to variably control the combustion history of future combustion events to achieve stable, low emission combustion in each cylinder and combustion balancing between the cylinders.
摘要翻译：提供了预混合充气压缩点火发动机和控制系统，其通过压缩点火有效地启动燃烧并保持稳定的燃烧，同时实现极低的氮氧化物排放，良好的总体效率和可接受的燃烧噪声和气缸压力。本发动机和控制系统通过控制提供温度控制的某些控制变量的操作来有效地控制燃烧历史，即燃烧发生时间，燃烧速率，燃烧持续时间和/或燃烧完整性，压力控制，混合物自燃特性控制和当量比控制。燃烧控制系统提供对燃烧事件的主动反馈控制，并且包括传感器，例如。压力传感器，用于检测指示燃烧历史的发动机运行状态，例如，燃烧开始，并产生相关联的发动机运转状态信号。处理器接收信号并基于发动机运转状态信号产生控制信号，以控制各种发动机部件，以控制温度，压力，当量比和/或自燃特性，以便可变地控制未来燃烧事件的燃烧历史以达到稳定，每个气缸中的低排放燃烧和气缸之间的燃烧平衡。

7. 发明授权

US06915776B2 Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control 失效
标题翻译：具有最佳燃烧控制的预混合充气压缩点火式发动机
公开(公告)号：US06915776B2
公开(公告)日：2005-07-12
申请号：US10684560
申请日：2003-10-15
申请人： Axel O. zur Loye , Omowoleoa C. Akinyemi , Russ P. Durrett , Patrick F. Flynn , Gary L. Hunter , Greg A. Moore , Jackie M. Mudd , George G. Muntean , Julie A. Wagner , John F. Wright
发明人： Axel O. zur Loye , Omowoleoa C. Akinyemi , Russ P. Durrett , Patrick F. Flynn , Gary L. Hunter , Greg A. Moore , Jackie M. Mudd , George G. Muntean , Julie A. Wagner , John F. Wright
IPC分类号： F02B1/12 , F02B3/06 , F02B19/14 , F02B75/02 , F02D13/02 , F02D15/04 , F02D19/06 , F02D41/00 , F02D41/30 , F02D41/38 , F02M25/07 , F02M31/02 , F02M31/20 , F02P19/00 , F02M43/00
CPC分类号： F02D13/028 , F02B1/12 , F02B3/06 , F02B19/14 , F02B29/0406 , F02B37/04 , F02B37/18 , F02B2075/025 , F02B2275/32 , F02D13/0203 , F02D13/0215 , F02D13/0234 , F02D13/0265 , F02D13/0269 , F02D15/04 , F02D19/0605 , F02D19/0649 , F02D19/0665 , F02D19/081 , F02D35/023 , F02D35/028 , F02D41/0025 , F02D41/0087 , F02D41/3029 , F02D41/3035 , F02D41/3041 , F02D41/3076 , F02D41/38 , F02D2013/0292 , F02M26/01 , F02M26/04 , F02M26/07 , F02M26/08 , F02M26/23 , F02M26/28 , F02M26/33 , F02M26/43 , F02M31/02 , F02M31/20 , F02P19/00 , Y02T10/12 , Y02T10/125 , Y02T10/126 , Y02T10/128 , Y02T10/142 , Y02T10/36 , Y02T10/42
摘要： A premixed charge compression ignition engine, and a control system, is provided which effectively initiates combustion by compression ignition and maintains stable combustion while achieving extremely low nitrous oxide emissions, good overall efficiency and acceptable combustion noise and cylinder pressures. The present engine and control system effectively controls the combustion history, that is, the time at which combustion occurs, the rate of combustion, the duration of combustion and/or the completeness of combustion, by controlling the operation of certain control variables providing temperature control, pressure control, control of the mixture's autoignition properties and equivalence ratio control. The combustion control system provides active feedback control of the combustion event and includes a sensor, e.g. pressure sensor, for detecting an engine operating condition indicative of the combustion history, e.g. the start of combustion, and generating an associated engine operating condition signal. A processor receives the signal and generates control signals based on the engine operating condition signal for controlling various engine components to control the temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and/or autoignition properties so as to variably control the combustion history of future combustion events to achieve stable, low emission combustion in each cylinder and combustion balancing between the cylinders.
摘要翻译：提供了预混合充气压缩点火发动机和控制系统，其通过压缩点火有效启动燃烧，并保持稳定的燃烧，同时实现极低的一氧化二氮排放，良好的总体效率和可接受的燃烧噪声和气缸压力。本发动机和控制系统通过控制提供温度控制的某些控制变量的操作来有效地控制燃烧历史，即燃烧发生时间，燃烧速率，燃烧持续时间和/或燃烧完整性，压力控制，混合物自燃特性控制和当量比控制。燃烧控制系统提供对燃烧事件的主动反馈控制，并且包括传感器，例如。压力传感器，用于检测指示燃烧历史的发动机运行状态，例如，燃烧开始，并产生相关联的发动机运转状态信号。处理器接收信号并基于发动机运转状态信号产生控制信号，以控制各种发动机部件，以控制温度，压力，当量比和/或自燃特性，以便可变地控制未来燃烧事件的燃烧历史以达到稳定，每个气缸中的低排放燃烧和气缸之间的燃烧平衡。

8. 发明授权

US06230683B1 Premixed charge compression ignition engine with optimal combustion control 有权
标题翻译：具有最佳燃烧控制的预混合充气压缩点火式发动机
公开(公告)号：US06230683B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-15
申请号：US09456382
申请日：1999-12-08
申请人： Axel O. zur Loye , Omowoleola C. Akinyemi , Russ P. Durrett , Patrick F. Flynn , Gary L. Hunter , Greg A. Moore , Jackie M. Mudd , George G. Muntean , Julie A. Wagner , John F. Wright
发明人： Axel O. zur Loye , Omowoleola C. Akinyemi , Russ P. Durrett , Patrick F. Flynn , Gary L. Hunter , Greg A. Moore , Jackie M. Mudd , George G. Muntean , Julie A. Wagner , John F. Wright
IPC分类号： F02B306
CPC分类号： F02D13/028 , F02B1/12 , F02B3/06 , F02B19/14 , F02B29/0406 , F02B37/04 , F02B37/18 , F02B2075/025 , F02B2275/32 , F02D13/0203 , F02D13/0215 , F02D13/0234 , F02D13/0265 , F02D13/0269 , F02D15/04 , F02D19/0605 , F02D19/0649 , F02D19/0665 , F02D19/081 , F02D35/023 , F02D35/028 , F02D41/0025 , F02D41/0087 , F02D41/3029 , F02D41/3035 , F02D41/3041 , F02D41/3076 , F02D41/38 , F02D2013/0292 , F02M26/01 , F02M26/04 , F02M26/07 , F02M26/08 , F02M26/23 , F02M26/28 , F02M26/33 , F02M26/43 , F02M31/02 , F02M31/20 , F02P19/00 , Y02T10/12 , Y02T10/125 , Y02T10/126 , Y02T10/128 , Y02T10/142 , Y02T10/36 , Y02T10/42
摘要： A premixed charge compression ignition engine, and a control system, is provided which effectively initiates combustion by compression ignition and maintains stable combustion while achieving extremely low nitrous oxide emissions, good overall efficiency and acceptable combustion noise and cylinder pressures. The present engine and control system effectively controls the combustion history, that is, the time at which combustion occurs, the rate of combustion, the duration of combustion and/or the completeness of combustion, by controlling the operation of certain control variables providing temperature control, pressure control, control of the mixture's autoignition properties and equivalence ratio control. The combustion control system provides active feedback control of the combustion event and includes a sensor, e.g. pressure sensor, for detecting an engine operating condition indicative of the combustion history, e.g. the start of combustion, and generating an associated engine operating condition signal. A processor receives the signal and generates control signals based on the engine operating condition signal for controlling various engine components to control the temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and\or autoignition properties so as to variably control the combustion history of future combustion events to achieve stable, low emission combustion in each cylinder and combustion balancing between the cylinders.
摘要翻译：提供了预混合充气压缩点火发动机和控制系统，其通过压缩点火有效启动燃烧，并保持稳定的燃烧，同时实现极低的一氧化二氮排放，良好的总体效率和可接受的燃烧噪声和气缸压力。本发动机和控制系统通过控制提供温度控制的某些控制变量的操作来有效地控制燃烧历史，即燃烧发生时间，燃烧速率，燃烧持续时间和/或燃烧完整性，压力控制，混合物自燃特性控制和当量比控制。燃烧控制系统提供对燃烧事件的主动反馈控制，并且包括传感器，例如，压力传感器，用于检测指示燃烧历史的发动机运行状态，例如，燃烧开始，并产生相关联的发动机运转状态信号。处理器接收信号并根据发动机工作条件信号产生控制信号，用于控制各种发动机部件以控制温度，压力，当量比和/或自燃特性，以便可变地控制未来燃烧事件的燃烧历史以达到稳定，每个气缸中的低排放燃烧和气缸之间的燃烧平衡。

9. 发明授权

US4199626A Electrographic fixing member and apparatus and process using same 失效
标题翻译：电子固定部件及其使用方法
公开(公告)号：US4199626A
公开(公告)日：1980-04-22
申请号：US612074
申请日：1975-09-10
申请人： Walter A. Stryjewski , John F. Wright
发明人： Walter A. Stryjewski , John F. Wright
IPC分类号： G03G15/20
CPC分类号： G03G15/2057 , Y10T428/3154 , Y10T428/31544 , Y10T428/31699
摘要： A fixing member having an abhesive surface for fusing a heat-softenable toner powder image to an appropriate receiving member is disclosed together with a fixing apparatus, e.g., a roller-fuser device, and a fixing process which employs such a fixing member. The surface of the fixing member bears an abhesive elastomeric fluoropolymer composition containing a crosslinked polymer comprising tetrafluoroethylene repeating units and perfluoroalkyl perfluorovinylether repeating units.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有用于将可热软化的调色剂粉末图像熔合到适当的接收构件的粘合表面的固定构件与诸如辊定影装置的定影装置和采用这种固定构件的定影处理一起。固定构件的表面承载含有包含四氟乙烯重复单元和全氟烷基全氟乙烯基醚重复单元的交联聚合物的粘合弹性体氟聚合物组合物。

10. 发明授权

US3999420A Lens impact hammer apparatus and methods 失效
标题翻译：镜头冲击锤装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US3999420A
公开(公告)日：1976-12-28
申请号：US553259
申请日：1975-02-26
申请人： John F. Wright
发明人： John F. Wright
IPC分类号： G01N3/00 , G01N3/30 , G01N33/00 , G01N33/38 , G01N3/14
CPC分类号： G01N3/30 , G01N2203/0039 , G01N33/386
摘要： Hammer apparatus is provided for impacting an eyeglass lens to test the frangibility of the lens. A hammer arm is pivotally mounted on a base plate for rotation between a vertical position and a horizontal position. A steel ball is connected to the end of the hammer arm to impact the lens. A weight is positioned precisely on the hammer arm to provide the exact amount of impact force required by FDA regulations. A cylindrical pedestal is mounted to the base plate to support the lens horizontally so that the ball strikes substantially in the center of the lens when the hammer arm falls to the horizontal position. A catch member holds the hammer arm in the vertical position and, upon manual actuation, the catch member releases the hammer arm to fall to impact the lens. A removable metal box encloses the pedestal for catching broken glass. The top of the box includes an aperture for the ball to enter as the arm falls to impact the lens.
摘要翻译：提供锤式装置用于冲击眼镜镜片以测试镜片的易碎性。锤臂可枢转地安装在基板上以在垂直位置和水平位置之间旋转。钢球连接到锤臂的端部以撞击镜头。重锤精确定位在锤臂上，以提供FDA规定要求的确切的冲击力。圆柱形基座安装到基板上以水平地支撑透镜，使得当锤臂落到水平位置时，球大致在透镜的中心处撞击。卡扣构件将锤臂保持在垂直位置，并且在手动致动时，卡扣构件释放锤臂以落下以撞击透镜。可移动的金属盒包围用于抓住碎玻璃的基座。盒子的顶部包括一个孔，用于当手臂坠落以撞击镜头时球进入。

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