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1. 发明授权

US06794069B1 Fuel cell support and electrical interconnector 失效
标题翻译：燃料电池支架和电气互连器
公开(公告)号：US06794069B1
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US09689318
申请日：2000-10-12
申请人： Sadeg M. Faris , Tsepin Tsai , Wenbin Yao , Lin-Feng Li , George Tzong-Chyi Tzeng , Michael Rabin , William Morris
发明人： Sadeg M. Faris , Tsepin Tsai , Wenbin Yao , Lin-Feng Li , George Tzong-Chyi Tzeng , Michael Rabin , William Morris
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M12/065 , H01M8/0273 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/2459 , H01M8/2465 , H01M8/247 , H01M10/613 , H01M10/647 , H01M10/6563
摘要： Fuel cells (e.g., air-depolarized fuel cells) are stacked, supported and electrically interconnected into a battery structure with a connector block. The anode and cathode elements of each fuel cell are provided with conductive terminating elements (e.g., plug connectors), preferably extending in downward “U” shaped configuration from the upper ends of the anode and cathode elements respectively. The connector block comprises a series of conductive apertures, positioned and sized, to accommodate the conductive terminating elements of the anodes and cathodes therein. When the conductive terminating elements of the anodes and cathodes are slidably engaged with the conductive apertures of the connector block, the connector block mechanical support the anodes and cathode so engaged. The connector block preferably comprises a electrically conductive elements to electrically connect the anodes and cathodes of the stacked cells in a desired electrical interconnection (serial, parallel and mixed serial and parallel segments). The interconnection between terminal conductor elements and the respective apertures further serves to support and orient the cells in a minimal volume and permits selective rapid cell removal for replacement or servicing. The cells are also provided with keyed members for keyed interlocking with a support tray having co-fitting keying elements to provide full structural integrity for the stacked cells. Lateral end elements extend between the connector block and support tray to complete an open enclosure and provide a support base for air circulating devices such as fans. Air is circulated through a duct defined by the connector block.
摘要翻译：燃料电池（例如，空气去极化的燃料电池）被堆叠，支撑并且电连接到具有连接器块的电池结构中。每个燃料电池的阳极和阴极元件设置有导电端接元件（例如，插头连接器），优选地分别从阳极和阴极元件的上端以向下的“U”形延伸。连接器块包括一系列导电孔，其定位和定尺寸以容纳其中的阳极和阴极的导电终端元件。当阳极和阴极的导电端接元件与连接器块的导电孔可滑动地接合时，连接器块机械地支撑所接合的阳极和阴极。连接器块优选地包括导电元件，以将所述堆叠单元的阳极和阴极以期望的电互连（串行，并行和混合串联和并联段）电连接。端子导体元件和相应的孔之间的互连进一步用于以最小的体积支撑和定向电池，并且允许选择性的快速电池去除用于更换或维修。电池还设置有键合构件，用于与具有配合键合元件的支撑托盘键锁互锁，以为堆叠的电池提供完整的结构完整性。侧端元件在连接器块和支撑托盘之间延伸以完成开放的外壳并且为空气循环装置（例如风扇）提供支撑基座。空气通过由连接器块限定的管道循环。

2. 发明授权

US06653003B1 Fuel cell support and electrical interconnector 失效
标题翻译：燃料电池支架和电气互连器
公开(公告)号：US06653003B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US09416554
申请日：1999-10-12
申请人： Tsepin Tsai , Wayne Yao , Lin-Feng Li , George Tzeng , Michael Rabin , William Morris , Sadeg M. Faris
发明人： Tsepin Tsai , Wayne Yao , Lin-Feng Li , George Tzeng , Michael Rabin , William Morris , Sadeg M. Faris
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M12/065 , H01M8/0273 , H01M8/0297 , H01M8/2459 , H01M8/2465 , H01M8/247 , H01M10/613 , H01M10/647 , H01M10/6563
摘要： Flat plate fuel cells, particularly air-depolarized cells, are stacked and electrically interconnected into a battery structure with a connector block and tray. The anode and cathode elements of each cell are provided with extending terminal conductor elements (e.g., banana plugs), preferably extending in downward “U” shaped configuration from the upper ends of the anode and cathode elements respectively. The connector block comprises a series of conductive apertures, positioned and sized to accommodate the terminal conductor elements of the electrodes therein and the connector block comprises electrical interconductive elements to electrically connect- the electrodes of the stacked cells in a desired electrical interconnection (serial, parallel and mixed serial and parallel segments). The interconnection between terminal conductor elements and the respective apertures further serves to support and orient the cells in a minimal volume and permits selective rapid cell removal for replacement or servicing. The cells are also provided with keyed members for keyed interlocking with a support tray having co-fitting keying elements to provide full structural integrity for the stacked cells. Lateral end elements extend between the connector block and support tray to complete an open enclosure and provide a support base for air circulating devices such as fans. Air is circulated through a duct defined by the block and between the fuel cells.
摘要翻译：平板燃料电池，特别是空气去极化电池被堆叠并且电连接到具有连接器块和托盘的电池结构中。每个单元的阳极和阴极元件分别设置有延伸的端子导体元件（例如香蕉插头），优选地从阳极和阴极元件的上端向下延伸成“U”形构造。连接器块包括一系列导电孔，其定位和尺寸适于容纳其中的电极的端子导体元件，并且连接器块包括用于将所述堆叠电池的电极电连接到期望的电互连（串联，并联和混合串行和并行段）。端子导体元件和相应的孔之间的互连进一步用于以最小的体积支撑和定向电池，并且允许选择性的快速电池去除用于更换或维修。电池还设置有键合构件，用于与具有配合键合元件的支撑托盘键锁互锁，以为堆叠的电池提供完整的结构完整性。侧端元件在连接器块和支撑托盘之间延伸以完成开放的外壳并且为空气循环装置（例如风扇）提供支撑基座。空气通过由块限定的管道和燃料电池之间循环。

3. 发明授权

US07226676B2 Fuel containment and recycling system 失效
标题翻译：燃油遏制和回收系统
公开(公告)号：US07226676B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-05
申请号：US10429935
申请日：2003-05-05
申请人： Sadeg M. Faris , Tsepin Tsai , Wenbin Yao , Yuen-Ming Chang
发明人： Sadeg M. Faris , Tsepin Tsai , Wenbin Yao , Yuen-Ming Chang
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M2/00 , H01M2/02
CPC分类号： H01M6/5011 , H01M2/40 , H01M4/02 , H01M6/5077 , H01M8/18 , H01M8/225 , H01M10/4214 , H01M12/06 , H01M2300/0014
摘要： An energy conversion system, comprising: a reservoir container including at least two chambers of inversely variable volume for respectively storing a quantity of fuel and receiving a quantity of exhaust; a means for decreasing the volume of the first chamber while concurrently increasing the volume of the second chamber; at least one energy conversion device; first means for communicating fuel between the at least one energy conversion device and a first of the chambers in the reservoir container; and second means for communicating exhaust between the at least one energy conversion device and a second of the chambers in the reservoir container. The reservoir container may be transported to a recharging/refilling station or recharged in-situ. A particular application for metal-air fuel cell power systems is shown and described.
摘要翻译：一种能量转换系统，包括：容器容器，其包括至少两个反向容积的室，用于分别储存一定量的燃料并接收一定数量的排气; 用于减小第一室的体积同时增加第二室的体积的装置; 至少一个能量转换装置; 用于在所述至少一个能量转换装置和所述储存容器中的所述室中的第一室之间连通燃料的第一装置; 以及用于在所述至少一个能量转换装置和所述储存器容器中的第二室之间连通排气的第二装置。储存容器可以运送到充电/再填充站或原位充电。金属 - 空气燃料电池电力系统的特殊应用被显示和描述。

4. 发明授权

US06296960B1 System and method for producing electrical power using metal-air fuel cell battery technology 失效
标题翻译：使用金属 - 空气燃料电池技术生产电力的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06296960B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-02
申请号：US08944507
申请日：1997-10-06
申请人： Sadeg M. Faris , Yuen-Ming Chang , Tsepin Tsai , Wenbin Yao
发明人： Sadeg M. Faris , Yuen-Ming Chang , Tsepin Tsai , Wenbin Yao
IPC分类号： H01M1206
CPC分类号： H01M4/42 , B60L11/1883 , B60L11/1892 , B60L11/1898 , B60L2200/26 , B60L2210/40 , H01M2/1673 , H01M4/8605 , H01M6/5011 , H01M8/184 , H01M8/186 , H01M8/22 , H01M10/4214 , H01M10/44 , H01M12/06 , H01M12/08 , H01M2004/024 , H01M2300/0085 , H02J7/00 , Y02E60/128 , Y02T10/7241 , Y02T90/34
摘要： Improved metal-air fuel cell battery systems having metal-fuel realized in the form of metal-fuel tape cartridges and metal-fuel cards, which can be either manually or automatically inserted within the power generation bay of the system. In order to produce a range of output voltages, the metal-fuel tape has a plurality of electrically-isolated metal-fuel tracks and the metal-fuel cards have a plurality of electrically-isolated metal-fuel strips. An output voltage configuration subsystem is provided for configuring the voltages produced by the individual cells to produce a desired output. A subsystem is provided for detecting oxide formation on the metal-fuel tracks and strips so that only metal-fuel that has been oxidized is reduced during recharging operations. A subsystem is also provided for controlling the flow of oxygen into the power generation head in order to control the power output from the system.
摘要翻译：具有以金属 - 燃料带盒和金属 - 燃料卡形式实现的具有金属燃料的改进的金属 - 空气燃料电池系统，其可以手动地或自动地插入到系统的发电隔间内。为了产生一定范围的输出电压，金属 - 燃料带具有多个电气隔离的金属 - 燃料轨迹，并且金属 - 燃料卡具有多个电隔离的金属 - 燃料带。提供输出电压配置子系统用于配置由各个单元产生的电压以产生期望的输出。提供了一种用于检测金属 - 燃料轨道和条带上的氧化物形成的子系统，使得在再充电操作期间，只有已被氧化的金属 - 燃料被减少。还提供了一个子系统，用于控制进入发电头的氧气流，以便控制从系统输出的功率。

5. 发明申请

US20050255339A1 Metal air cell system 审中-公开
标题翻译：金属气囊系统
公开(公告)号：US20050255339A1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-17
申请号：US10505112
申请日：2003-02-20
申请人： Tsepin Tsai , George Tzeng , Michael Glover , Lin-Feng Li , William Morris
发明人： Tsepin Tsai , George Tzeng , Michael Glover , Lin-Feng Li , William Morris
IPC分类号： H01M12/06 , H01M20060101 , H01M2/00 , H01M2/10 , H01M2/16 , H01M2/18 , H01M2/36 , H01M2/38 , H01M4/00 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/42 , H01M4/44 , H01M4/46 , H01M4/48 , H01M8/00 , H01M10/36 , H01M10/42 , H01M12/02 , H01M12/08
CPC分类号： H01M2/36 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/42 , H01M4/44 , H01M4/46 , H01M4/466 , H01M4/48 , H01M12/02 , H01M12/06 , H01M12/08 , H01M2004/021 , H01M2300/0085 , Y02E60/128
摘要： A Metal air cell and cell system is provided. In general, the cell includes a cathode structure comprising opposing cathode portions and a space configured for receiving an anode structure. The anode structure includes a pair of rigid structures having plural apertures for allowing ionic communication and anode material between the rigid structures. A separator is disposed between the anode and the cathode to electrically isolate the anode and the cathode. The rigid structures of the anode structure facilitate removal of the anode structure from the cathode structure. In certain embodiments, anode structures are formed with bimodal gelling agents to promote an even distribution of anode material and electrolyte gel.
摘要翻译：提供金属空气池和电池系统。通常，电池包括阴极结构，其包括相对的阴极部分和构造成用于接收阳极结构的空间。阳极结构包括一对刚性结构，其具有用于允许刚性结构之间的离子连通和阳极材料的多个孔。在阳极和阴极之间设置隔板以使阳极和阴极电隔离。阳极结构的刚性结构便于从阴极结构中去除阳极结构。在某些实施方案中，用双峰凝胶剂形成阳极结构以促进阳极材料和电解质凝胶的均匀分布。

6. 发明授权

US06558829B1 Appliance with refuelable and rechargeable metal-air fuel cell battery power supply unit integrated therein 失效
标题翻译：具有集成在其中的可燃和可充电金属 - 空气燃料电池电池单元的设备
公开(公告)号：US06558829B1
公开(公告)日：2003-05-06
申请号：US09695697
申请日：2000-10-24
申请人： Sadeg M. Faris , Tsepin Tsai
发明人： Sadeg M. Faris , Tsepin Tsai
IPC分类号： H01M1206
CPC分类号： H01M12/08 , H01M6/42 , H01M8/04 , H01M10/42 , H01M12/06 , H01M2004/024 , Y02E60/128
摘要： A device/system having an integrated refuelable and rechargable metal-air FCB based power supply unit for generating and providing electrical power to at least one electrical-energy-consuming load device disposed therein. An external power source is used to recharge the metal-air FCB subsystems embodied therein. A control subsystem automatically transitions between discharging mode (wherein at least one metal-air FCB subsystem supplies electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device) and a recharging mode (wherein the external power source is electrically coupled to at least one metal-air FCB subsystem to thereby recharge the metal-air FCB subsystem(s). The metal-air FCB subsystem(s) are refueled by manually loading and unloading metal-fuel from the metal-air FCB subsystem(s). Preferably, electrical power provided to the at least one electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power generated by discharging metal-fuel in the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem(s). In addition, the metal-air FCB subsystem(s) preferably has a modular architecture that enable flexible and user-friendly operations in loading of metal-fuel, unloading of consumed metal-fuel, replacement of the ionic-conducting medium, and replacement of the cathode.
摘要翻译：一种装置/系统，具有集成的可加油和可再充电的金属空气基于FCB的电源单元，用于向设置在其中的至少一个耗电负载装置产生和提供电力。外部电源用于对其中体现的金属空气FCB子系统进行充电。控制子系统在放电模式（其中至少一个金属空气FCB子系统向耗电负载装置供电）和再充电模式（其中外部电源电耦合到至少一个金属空气 FCB子系统，从而为金属空气FCB子系统充电，金属空气FCB子系统通过从金属空气FCB子系统手动装载和卸载金属燃料来加油，优选提供电力至少一个耗电量的负载装置仅由通过在金属 - 空气燃料电池子系统中排出金属 - 燃料而产生的电力提供，此外，金属 - 空气FCB子系统优选地具有一种模块化架构，可实现对金属燃料的加载，消耗的金属燃料的卸载，离子导电介质的更换以及阴极的更换的灵活和用户友好的操作。

7. 发明授权

US06451463B1 Electro-chemical power generation systems employing arrays of electronically-controllable discharging and/or recharging cells within a unity support structure 失效
标题翻译：在单一支撑结构内使用电子可控排放和/或再充电单元阵列的电化学发电系统
公开(公告)号：US06451463B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-17
申请号：US09414874
申请日：1999-10-08
申请人： Tsepin Tsai , Sadeg M. Faris
发明人： Tsepin Tsai , Sadeg M. Faris
IPC分类号： H01M1206
CPC分类号： H01M10/0413 , H01M2/0207 , H01M2/20 , H01M6/12 , H01M6/42 , H01M6/5011 , H01M6/5016 , H01M10/0445 , H01M10/4257 , H01M10/46 , H01M12/08 , H01M16/00 , Y02E60/128
摘要： A novel segmented air cathode device of unitary construction for use in a metal-air fuel cell battery system. The device includes a plurality of cells formed by a cathode structure having a plurality of cathode elements on a unitary cathode support structure, and an anode structure having one or more anode-contacting elements on an anode-contacting element support plate. Preferably, the cathode elements include cathode elements of different types. In one embodiment, the device includes first-type cathode elements and corresponding cells optimized for discharging operations and second-type cathode elements and corresponding cells optimized for recharging operations. In an alternate embodiment, the device includes first-type cathode elements and corresponding cells optimized for low-power discharging operations and, second-type cathode elements and corresponding cells optimized for high-power discharging operations. Preferably, each cell can be independently, activated (i.e. enabled) using a transistor-based power switching element operated under the control of a switching controller. In some embodiments, the power switching elements are used to control the power delivered to electrical loads during discharging operations of the discharging-optimized cells. In other embodiments, the power switching elements are used to produce high-frequency electrical currents for generating stepped-up voltages, which are subsequently rectified and low-pass filtered. In another illustrative embodiment, the power switching elements are provided for controlling the recharging of the recharging-optimized cells during recharging operations.
摘要翻译：一种用于金属 - 空气燃料电池系统的单一结构的新型分段空气阴极装置。该器件包括由阴极结构形成的多个单元，阴极结构在整体阴极支撑结构上具有多个阴极元件，阳极结构在阳极接触元件支撑板上具有一个或多个阳极接触元件。优选地，阴极元件包括不同类型的阴极元件。在一个实施例中，该器件包括针对放电操作而优化的第一型阴极元件和相应电池以及针对再充电操作而优化的第二型阴极元件和相应电池。在替代实施例中，该器件包括针对低功率放电操作而优化的第一型阴极元件和相应电池，以及针对大功率放电操作而优化的第二型阴极元件和相应电池。优选地，每个单元可以使用在开关控制器的控制下操作的基于晶体管的功率开关元件来独立地，激活（即使能）。在一些实施例中，功率开关元件用于在放电优化的单元的放电操作期间控制传递到电负载的功率。在其他实施例中，功率开关元件用于产生用于产生升压电压的高频电流，其随后被整流和低通滤波。在另一示例性实施例中，提供功率开关元件用于在充电操作期间控制对充电优化的单元的再充电。

8. 发明授权

US06382264B1 Recyclable fuel distribution, storage, delivery and supply system 失效
标题翻译：可回收燃料分配，储存，运输和供应系统
公开(公告)号：US06382264B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-07
申请号：US09598527
申请日：2000-06-21
申请人： Tsepin Tsai , Sadeg M. Faris
发明人： Tsepin Tsai , Sadeg M. Faris
IPC分类号： B65B104
CPC分类号： H01M6/5077 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/225 , H01M12/065 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A recyclable fuel distribution system comprising a hierarchy of operatively linked (with fuel supply and reaction product collection elements) fluid fuel transport vehicles, fluid fuel storage tanks, fuel supply reservoirs (optional depending on specific use), and fluid fuel usage devices operatively linked to the storage tanks or supply reservoirs, as applicable. The fuel, during use, undergoes a reversible chemical reaction, whereby collected reaction product is reversible to the original fuel. At least one and preferably all of the vehicles, storage tanks and reservoirs contain a storage volume with separated chambers, adapted to inversely change relative to fuel being supplied and reaction product being collected and stored. As a result, a single volume during transport, storage, and use, provides the dual function of fuel supply and collection of reversible reaction product, with concomitant nearly halving of transport, storage and use volumes and costs. Electrical production with a zinc fuel which reversibly forms a zinc oxide reaction product is a particularly suitable fuel for the present system for use in large scale fuel cell applications. Applications range from large scale megawatt power levels for industrial levels to tens of kilowatts for homes and transportation systems down to several watts for portable electrical and electronic appliances and devices.
摘要翻译：一种可再循环的燃料分配系统，其包括可操作地连接（具有燃料供应和反应产物收集元件）的层级，流体燃料运输车辆，流体燃料储存箱，燃料供应储存器（根据具体用途可选）和可操作地连接到储存罐或供水池（如适用）。燃料在使用过程中经历了可逆的化学反应，由此收集的反应产物与原始燃料是可逆的。至少一个并且优选地所有的车辆，储罐和储存器都包含具有分离的室的存储容积，其适于相对于所供应的燃料反向变化，并且反应产物被收集和存储。因此，在运输，储存和使用过程中，单一的体积提供了可逆反应产物的燃料供应和收集的双重功能，同时将运输，储存和使用量和成本几乎减半。用可逆地形成氧化锌反应产物的锌燃料的电生产是用于大规模燃料电池应用的本系统的特别合适的燃料。应用范围从家庭和运输系统的大规模兆瓦功率级到工业级数十千瓦，便携式电气和电子设备和设备的功率降低到几瓦。

9. 发明授权

US06376115B1 Metal fuel cell with movable cathode 失效
标题翻译：带有活动阴极的金属燃料电池
公开(公告)号：US06376115B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-23
申请号：US09594649
申请日：2000-06-15
申请人： Tsepin Tsai , Sadeg M. Faris
发明人： Tsepin Tsai , Sadeg M. Faris
IPC分类号： H01M1206
CPC分类号： B60L11/1822 , B60L11/1898 , H01M4/86 , H01M8/18 , H01M12/06 , Y02T10/7072 , Y02T90/124 , Y02T90/14 , Y02T90/34
摘要： An air depolarized cell with at least one movable cathode element disposed in an active anode metal material which is in a fluid or paste state. The cathode element(s) continuously moves to maintain electrochemical proximity with active anode material as the active anode material is converted into electrochemical cell reaction product. In one embodiment, formation of cell reaction products of increased volume relative to initial anode volume serves to propel the movable cathode through the anode material. Viscosity of the fluid or anode paste is adjusted to ensure cathode movement relative to active anode for maximized utilization.
摘要翻译：空气去极化电池，其具有设置在处于流体或糊状态的活性阳极金属材料中的至少一个可移动阴极元件。随着活性阳极材料转化为电化学电池反应产物，阴极元件连续移动以保持与活性阳极材料的电化学接近。在一个实施方案中，相对于初始阳极体积增加体积的细胞反应产物的形成用于推动可移动阴极穿过阳极材料。调整流体或阳极浆料的粘度以确保阴极相对于活性阳极移动，以最大化利用。

10. 发明授权

US06190792B1 Cathode cylinder for use in metal-air fuel cell battery systems and method of fabricating the same 失效
标题翻译：用于金属 - 空气燃料电池系统的阴极气缸及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US06190792B1
公开(公告)日：2001-02-20
申请号：US09232328
申请日：1998-08-10
申请人： Sadeg M. Faris , Tsepin Tsai , Thomas J. Legbandt , Wayne Yao , Muguo Chen
发明人： Sadeg M. Faris , Tsepin Tsai , Thomas J. Legbandt , Wayne Yao , Muguo Chen
IPC分类号： H01M1040
CPC分类号： H01M4/42 , H01M2/1673 , H01M4/8605 , H01M6/5011 , H01M8/184 , H01M8/186 , H01M8/22 , H01M10/4214 , H01M10/44 , H01M12/06 , H01M12/08 , H01M2004/024 , H01M2300/0085 , H02J7/00 , Y02E60/128 , Y10T29/49115
摘要： In an air-metal fuel cell battery (FCB) system, wherein metal-fuel tape, the ionically-conductive medium and the cathode structures are transported at substantially the same velocity at the locus of points at which the ionically-conductive medium contacts the moving cathode structure and the moving metal-fuel tape during discharging and recharging modes of operation. In a first generalized embodiment of the present invention, the ionically-conductive medium is realized as an ionically-conductive belt, and the metal-fuel tape, ionically-conductive belt, and movable cathode structure are transported at substantially the same velocity at the locus of points which the ionically-conducing belt contacts the metal-fuel tape and the cathode structure during system operation. In a second generalized embodiment of the present invention, the ionically-conductive medium is realized as a solid-state (e.g. gelatinous) film layer integrated with the metal-fuel tape. In a third generalized embodiment of the present invention, the ionically-conductive medium is realized as a solid-state film layer integrated with the movable cathode structure. By transporting the movable cathode structure, ionically contacting medium and metal-fuel tape within the system as described above, generation of frictional forces among such structures are minimized during system operation, and thus the damage to the cathode structure and metal-fuel tape is substantially reduced.
摘要翻译：在金属燃料电池（FCB）系统中，其中金属 - 燃料带，离子传导介质和阴极结构以基本相同的速度在离子导电介质接触移动的点的轨迹处输送阴极结构和移动金属 - 燃料带在放电和充电操作模式下。在本发明的第一广义实施例中，离子导电介质被实现为离子导电带，并且金属 - 燃料带，离子传导带和可移动阴极结构以基本相同的速度在轨迹在系统运行期间离子导管带接触金属 - 燃料带和阴极结构的点。在本发明的第二广义实施例中，离子导电介质被实现为与金属 - 燃料带一体化的固态（例如凝胶状）膜层。在本发明的第三个广义实施例中，离子传导介质被实现为与可移动阴极结构集成的固态膜层。通过如上所述在系统内输送可动阴极结构，离子接触介质和金属 - 燃料带，这些结构中的摩擦力的产生在系统操作期间被最小化，因此对阴极结构和金属 - 燃料带的损害基本上减少

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