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1. 发明授权

US4974487A Plasma propulsion apparatus and method 失效
标题翻译：等离子推进装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US4974487A
公开(公告)日：1990-12-04
申请号：US252551
申请日：1988-10-03
申请人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Rodney L. Burton , Dennis W. Massey , Niels K. Winsor
发明人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Rodney L. Burton , Dennis W. Massey , Niels K. Winsor
IPC分类号： F41B6/00
CPC分类号： F41B6/00
摘要： A projectile is accelerated in a barrel bore by applying a plasma jet to a projectile propelling fluid. The plasma jet is derived from a structure forming a capillary passage having a wall formed by a low molecular weight, dielectric powdery filler or water in many rigid containers, shaped as spheres or straw-like tubes having axes parallel to the passage longitudinal axis. The fluid and jet interact so the fluid is heated by the jet, whereby low atomic weight constituents of the fluid are sufficiently heated to become mixed with the plasma to form a high pressure mixture that is injected into the bore to accelerate the projectile. The fluid is dragged into the plasma during mixing to cool the plasma and form a boundary layer between the plasma and the barrel walls so that the mixture does not cause substantial damage to the walls of the bore. The plasma is energized by applying voltage from an electric pulse source to electrodes at opposite ends of the passage. The pulse has a wave shape and duration for initially igniting the plasma source and for thereafter applying energy to the ignited plasma to control the pressure of the mixture. Initially, the fluid cools the plasma without the mixture developing sufficient pressure to accelerate the projectile appreciably. The wave shape and duration are such that the pressure applied to the projectile remains substantially constant while the projectile is being accelerated through the barrel, as occurs during about one-half of the projectile travel time in the barrel.
摘要翻译：通过将等离子体射流施加到抛射体推进流体，炮弹在炮筒内加速。等离子体射流源于形成毛细管通道的结构，该通道具有由许多刚性容器中的低分子量介电粉末填料或水形成的壁，其形状为具有平行于通道纵向轴线的轴的球形或稻草状管。流体和射流相互作用使得流体被射流加热，由此流体的低原子量组分被充分加热以与等离子体混合以形成注入到孔中的高压混合物以加速射弹。在混合期间将流体拖入等离子体以冷却等离子体并在等离子体和筒壁之间形成边界层，使得混合物不会对孔的壁造成实质损坏。通过将来自电脉冲源的电压施加到通道的相对端处的电极来激发等离子体。脉冲具有用于初始点燃等离子体源的波形和持续时间，并且此后将能量施加到点火等离子体以控制混合物的压力。最初，流体冷却等离子体，而不会产生足够的压力使混合物明显加速。波浪形状和持续时间使得当射弹在枪管中的大约一半的射弹行进时间期间发生时，施加到射弹的压力保持基本上恒定，同时射弹被加速通过枪管。

2. 发明授权

US4715261A Cartridge containing plasma source for accelerating a projectile 失效
标题翻译：含有等离子体源的墨盒用于加速射弹
公开(公告)号：US4715261A
公开(公告)日：1987-12-29
申请号：US657888
申请日：1984-10-05
申请人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Rodney L. Burton , Dennis W. Massey , Niels K. Winsor
发明人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Rodney L. Burton , Dennis W. Massey , Niels K. Winsor
IPC分类号： F41B6/00 , F41F1/00
CPC分类号： F41B6/00
摘要： A projectile is accelerated through a gun barrel bore by a cartridge containing a high temperature, high pressure plasma jet source. The cartridge has a geometry enabling it to be loaded into a breech bore of the gun. The plasma jet is supplied to the rear of the projectile and is derived by a tube having an interior wall forming a capillary passage. A discharge voltage applied between spaced regions along the capillary passage ionizes a dielectric to form a plasma. First and second ends of the passage are respectively open and blocked to enable and prevent the flow of plasma through them. The blocked end closes the breech bore.
摘要翻译：射弹通过枪管加速，内置高温高压等离子体喷射源。墨盒具有几何形状，使其能够被装载到枪的后膛孔中。等离子体射流被提供到射弹的后部，并由具有形成毛细管通道的内壁的管导出。沿着毛细通道施加在间隔区域之间的放电电压使电介质离子化以形成等离子体。通道的第一和第二端分别是开放和封闭的，以使等离子体流过它们。封闭端封闭后膛孔。

3. 发明授权

US4821509A Pulsed electrothermal thruster 失效
公开(公告)号：US4821509A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-18
申请号：US133154
申请日：1987-12-07
申请人： Rodney L. Burton , Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Niels K. Winsor
发明人： Rodney L. Burton , Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Niels K. Winsor
IPC分类号： F03H1/00
CPC分类号： F03H1/0087 , F03H1/0012
摘要： A plasma electrothermal thruster includes a capillary passage in which a plasma discharge is formed and directed out of an open end of the passage into a supersonic nozzle. Liquid supplied to the capillary passage becomes partially atomized to cool a confining surface of the passage. The plasma discharge is formed as the atomized liquid flows out of the open end into a supersonic equilibrium nozzle. The discharge can have a duration greater than the two way travel time of acoustic energy in the capillary to cause the plasma to flow continuously through the nozzle during the time of the discharge pulse.

4. 发明授权

US4821508A Pulsed electrothermal thruster 失效
标题翻译：脉冲电热推进器
公开(公告)号：US4821508A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-18
申请号：US743150
申请日：1985-06-10
申请人： Rodney L. Burton , Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Niels K. Winsor
发明人： Rodney L. Burton , Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Niels K. Winsor
IPC分类号： F03H1/00
CPC分类号： F03H1/00 , F03H1/0087
摘要： A plasma electrothermal thruster includes a capillary passage in which a plasma discharge is formed and directed out of an open end of the passage into a supersonic nozzle. Liquid supplied to the capillary passage becomes partially atomized to cool a confining surface of the passage. The plasma discharge is formed as the atomized liquid flows out of the open end into a supersonic equilibrium nozzle. The discharge can have a duration greater than the two way travel time of acoustic energy in the capillary to cause the plasma to flow continuously through the nozzle during the time of the discharge pulse.
摘要翻译：等离子体电热推进器包括毛细通道，其中形成等离子体放电并且从通道的开口端引导到超音速喷嘴中。供应到毛细管通道的液体被部分雾化以冷却通道的限制表面。当雾化液体从开口端流出到超音速平衡喷嘴中时，形成等离子体放电。放电可以具有大于毛细管中的声能的双向行进时间的持续时间，以在放电脉冲期间使等离子体连续流过喷嘴。

5. 发明授权

US4913029A Method and apparatus for accelerating a projectile through a capillary passage with injector electrode and cartridge for projectile therefor 失效
标题翻译：用于通过具有用于射弹的喷射器电极和弹药筒的毛细通道加速射弹的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4913029A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-03
申请号：US929366
申请日：1986-11-12
申请人： Derek A. Tidman , Yong C. Thio , Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein
发明人： Derek A. Tidman , Yong C. Thio , Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein
IPC分类号： F41B6/00
CPC分类号： F41B6/00
摘要： A high pressure plasma initially formed from a fluidizable substance in a confined region of a passage behind a projectile in the passage initially accelerates the projectile toward an open end of the passage. The plasma is intially derived by supplying a discharge current to an electrode in the substance. The plasma in the confined region is ohmically heated by an azimuthal current generated in the plasma by an AC magnetic field that is coaxial with the passage or by a discharge current flowing longitudinally through the passage and projectile. A cartridge includes the projectile and a wall of the passage that is evaporated after the projectile has been fired so the evaporant flows out of the passage after the projectile.
摘要翻译：最初由可流通物质形成的高压等离子体在通道中的射弹后面的通道的受限区域中最初将射弹加速到通道的开口端。通过向物质中的电极提供放电电流而导致等离子体。受限区域中的等离子体由等离子体中产生的方位角电流通过与通道同轴的AC磁场或纵向流过通道和射弹的放电电流而被加热。弹药筒包括射弹和通道的壁，在射弹射出后蒸发，因此蒸发器在射弹后流出通道。

6. 发明授权

US5012719A Method of and apparatus for generating hydrogen and projectile accelerating apparatus and method incorporating same 失效
标题翻译：用于产生氢气和射弹加速装置的方法和装置及其结合方法
公开(公告)号：US5012719A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-07
申请号：US61214
申请日：1987-06-12
申请人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , David Fleischer
发明人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , David Fleischer
IPC分类号： B01J19/08 , C01B3/06 , C01B3/10 , C06D5/10 , F41B6/00
CPC分类号： C01B3/065 , B01J19/087 , C01B3/10 , C06D5/10 , F41B6/00 , Y02E60/362
摘要： A projectile is accelerated through a barrel by a high pressure hydrogen gas jet that is derived by exothermically reacting water or a water-hydrogen peroxide liquid mixture with metal or a metal hydride. The temperature of the reaction is controlled by controlling the power in a plasma discharge applied to a reaction chamber containing the liquid and particles of the metal or metal hydride. A non-vaporous metal oxide resulting from the reaction is centrifugally separated from the hydrogen that drives the projectile.

7. 发明授权

US5033355A Method of and apparatus for deriving a high pressure, high temperature plasma jet with a dielectric capillary 失效
标题翻译：用介电毛细管导出高压，高温等离子体射流的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5033355A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-23
申请号：US823096
申请日：1986-01-27
申请人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman
发明人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman
IPC分类号： F41A1/02 , F41B6/00
CPC分类号： F41A1/02 , F41B6/00
摘要： A pulsed high pressure, supersonic plasma jet for accelerating a projectile through an elongated confined bore is derived from a dielectric structure including a capillary passage having an interior wall surface from which plasma forming material is ablated in response to a discharge voltage applied to first and second electrodes respectively forming a nozzle and plug at opposite ends of the passage. The nozzle injects the plasma into the bore behind the projectile.
摘要翻译：脉冲高压超音速等离子体射流用于通过细长的限制孔加速射弹是从包括毛细通道的电介质结构得到的，该毛细管通道具有内壁表面，等离子体形成材料响应于施加到第一和第二分别在通道的相对端形成喷嘴和塞子的电极。喷嘴将等离子体注入射弹后面的孔中。

8. 发明授权

US4590842A Method of and apparatus for accelerating a projectile 失效
标题翻译：加速射弹的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4590842A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-27
申请号：US471215
申请日：1983-03-01
申请人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman
发明人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman
IPC分类号： F41F1/00 , F41A1/02 , F41B6/00
CPC分类号： F41A1/02 , F41B6/00
摘要： A projectile is accelerated along a confined path by supplying a pulsed high pressure, high velocity plasma jet to the rear of the projectile as the projectile traverses the path. The jet enters the confined path at a non-zero angle relative to the projectile path. The pulse is derived from a dielectric capillary tube having an interior wall from which plasma forming material is ablated in response to a discharge voltage. The projectile can be accelerated in response to the kinetic energy in the plasma jet or in response to a pressure increase of gases in the confined path resulting from the heat added to the gases by the plasma.
摘要翻译：当弹丸穿过路径时，通过向射弹的后部提供脉冲高压，高速等离子体射流，沿着限制路径加速射弹。射流相对于射弹路径以非零角度进入限制路径。脉冲源自具有内壁的介电毛细管，等离子体形成材料根据放电电压从其内部被消融。可以响应于等离子体射流中的动能或响应于由等离子体加入到气体中的热量导致的限制路径中的气体的压力增加来加速弹丸。

9. 发明授权

US5072647A High-pressure having plasma flow transverse to plasma discharge particularly for projectile acceleration 失效
标题翻译：具有横向于等离子体放电的等离子体流的高压，特别是用于射弹加速
公开(公告)号：US5072647A
公开(公告)日：1991-12-17
申请号：US308581
申请日：1989-02-10
申请人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Dennis W. Massey , Joseph R. Greig
发明人： Yeshayahu S. A. Goldstein , Derek A. Tidman , Dennis W. Massey , Joseph R. Greig
IPC分类号： F41B6/00
CPC分类号： F42C19/0811 , F41B6/00
摘要： A projectile is accelerated through a gun barrel in response to high pressure gas applied to the rear of the projectile in response to a high pressure plasma discharge. Plasma from the discharge flows transversely of the discharge into a chamber through multiple openings in a passage wall that confines the discharge. The high pressure, high temperature plasma flowing into the chamber causes an exothermic reaction of water and metal particles in a slurry in the chamber to produce high pressure hydrogen gas that flows longitudinally of the discharge against the rear of the projectile. To maintain the pressure of hydrogen gas acting against the projectile relatively constant as the projectile is accelerated down the barrel, electric power applied to the discharge increases substantially linearly as a function of time.
摘要翻译：响应于高压等离子体放电，应用于喷射器后部的高压气体，炮弹通过枪管加速。来自排出口的等离子体通过限制放电的通道壁中的多个开口横向排出到室内。流入室内的高压，高温等离子体引起水和金属颗粒在室内的浆料中的放热反应，产生高压氢气，该氢气沿放电纵向流过射弹的后部。为了保持喷射器在炮弹的加速下相对恒定的氢气的压力，施加到放电的电力作为时间的函数基本上线性地增加。

10. 发明授权

US4897558A Superconducting device, apparatus and method for selectively supplying current to a load 失效
标题翻译：用于选择性地向负载提供电流的超导装置，装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US4897558A
公开(公告)日：1990-01-30
申请号：US127927
申请日：1987-12-01
申请人： Derek A. Tidman
发明人： Derek A. Tidman
IPC分类号： H03K17/92
CPC分类号： H03K17/92 , Y10S505/86
摘要： A load is selectively supplied with current from an energy storing inductor shunted by a superconducting device. In the normal and superconducting states, the superconducting device respectively has an impedance greater than and much less than that of the load. Circulating current from the inductor flows through the device while it is in a superconducting state. The load is connected to the inductor and superconducting device so that when the device is in the normal state circulating current in the inductor is swtiched to flow from the device through the load. A solenoid wound on the superconducting structure responds to a current source to induce an axial magnetic field in the structure. The axial magnetic field induces in the structure an azimuthal current having sufficient density to change the device from the superconducting to the normal state.
摘要翻译：从由超导装置分流的储能电感器选择性地提供负载电流。在正常和超导状态下，超导装置的阻抗分别大于并远小于负载的阻抗。来自电感器的循环电流在超导状态下流过器件。负载连接到电感器和超导装置，使得当器件处于正常状态时，电感器中的循环电流被切换以从器件流过负载。缠绕在超导结构上的电磁线圈响应电流源以在结构中引起轴向磁场。轴向磁场在结构中引起具有足够密度的方位电流，以将装置从超导变为正常状态。

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