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1. 发明授权

US07106972B2 Methods of improving line of sight wireless optical communication through adverse environmental conditions 有权
公开(公告)号：US07106972B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-12
申请号：US10116194
申请日：2002-04-04
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Jin Pin Ying , Swapan K. Gayen , Wei Cai
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Jin Pin Ying , Swapan K. Gayen , Wei Cai
IPC分类号： H04B10/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/1121
摘要： A method of improving a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio for a light signal transmitted by wireless optical communication through adverse environmental conditions, the light signal including a snake component and a ballistic component for carrying coded information, and a diffusive component that adds to background noise, the method comprising the steps of: encoding information to be transmitted by the light signal, wherein the light signal is one of a serial train of code pulses or a modulated light beam; selecting an appropriate wavelength for the encoded light signal; transmitting the encoded light signal though the adverse environmental conditions; receiving the encoded light signal; sorting the received encoded light signal to preferentially select the information carrying components and reduce the diffusive component; and detecting the sorted encoded light signal with a photo-detector.

2. 发明授权

US6108576A Time-resolved diffusion tomographic 2D and 3D imaging in highly scattering turbid media 失效
标题翻译：在高散射混浊介质中的时间分辨扩散断层扫描2D和3D成像
公开(公告)号：US6108576A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-22
申请号：US797163
申请日：1997-02-10
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Swapan K. Gayen
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Swapan K. Gayen
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/47 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0073 , A61B5/7257 , G01N21/4795 , A61B5/0091
摘要： A method for imaging objects in highly scattering turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method involves using a plurality of intersecting source/detectors sets and time-resolving equipment to generate a plurality of time-resolved intensity curves for the diffusive component of light emergent from the medium. For each of the curves, the intensities at a plurality of times are then inputted into the following inverse reconstruction algorithm to form an image of the medium: wherein W is a matrix relating output at source and detector positions r.sub.s and r.sub.d, at time t, to position r, .LAMBDA. is a regularization matrix, chosen for convenience to be diagonal, but selected in a way related to the ratio of the noise, to fluctuations in the absorption (or diffusion) X.sub.j that we are trying to determine:.LAMBDA..sub.ij =.lambda..sub.j .delta..sub.ij with .lambda..sub.j = / Y is the data collected at the detectors, and X.sup.k is the kth iterate toward the desired absorption information. An algorithm, which combines a two dimensional (2D) matrix inversion with a one-dimensional (1D) Fourier transform inversion is used to obtain images of three dimensional hidden objects in turbid scattering media.
摘要翻译：一种用于在高散射混浊介质中成像物体的方法。根据本发明的一个实施例，该方法包括使用多个相交的源/检测器组和时间分辨设备来产生用于从介质出射的光的漫射分量的多个时间分辨强度曲线。对于每个曲线，多个时间的强度然后被输入到以下逆重建算法中以形成介质的图像：其中W是在时间t处将源的输出和检测器位置rs和rd相关联的矩阵，为了定位r，LAMBDA是一个正则化矩阵，为方便起见选择为对角线，但以与噪声的比值与我们试图确定的吸收（或扩散）Xj的波动相关的方式进行选择： LAMBDA ij = lambda j delta ij，其中λj = / Y是在检测器处收集的数据，Xk是朝向期望的吸收信息的第k次迭代。将二维（2D）矩阵求逆与一维（1D）傅里叶变换反演相结合的算法用于获取浑浊散射介质中三维隐藏物体的图像。

3. 发明授权

US5931789A Time-resolved diffusion tomographic 2D and 3D imaging in highly scattering turbid media 失效
标题翻译：在高散射混浊介质中的时间分辨扩散断层扫描2D和3D成像
公开(公告)号：US5931789A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US797028
申请日：1997-02-07
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Feng Liu , Melvin Lax , Bidyut B. Das
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Feng Liu , Melvin Lax , Bidyut B. Das
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/47
CPC分类号： A61B5/7257 , A61B5/0073 , G01N21/4795 , A61B5/0091
摘要： A method for imaging objects in highly scattering turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method involves using a plurality of intersecting source/detectors sets and time-resolving equipment to generate a plurality of time-resolved intensity curves for the diffusive component of light emergent from the medium. For each of the curves, the intensities at a plurality of times are then inputted into the following inverse reconstruction algorithm to form an image of the medium: ##EQU1## wherein W is a matrix relating output at source and detector positions r.sub.s and r.sub.d, at time t, to position r, .LAMBDA. is a regularization matrix, chosen for convenience to be diagonal, but selected in a way related to the ratio of the noise, to fluctuations in the absorption (or diffusion) X.sub.j that we are trying to determine:.LAMBDA..sub.ij =.lambda..sub.j .delta..sub.ij with .lambda..sub.j = / Y is the data collected at the detectors, and X.sup.k is the kth iterate toward the desired absoption information. An algorithm, which combines a two dimensional (2D) matrix inversion with a one-dimensional (1D) Fourier transform inversion is used to obtain images of three dimensional hidden objects in turbid scattering media.
摘要翻译：一种用于在高散射混浊介质中成像物体的方法。根据本发明的一个实施例，该方法包括使用多个相交的源/检测器组和时间分辨设备来产生用于从介质出射的光的漫射分量的多个时间分辨强度曲线。对于每个曲线，多个时间的强度然后被输入到以下逆重建算法中以形成介质的图像：其中W是在时间t处将源的输出和检测器位置rs和rd相关联的矩阵，为了定位r，LAMBDA是一个正则化矩阵，为方便起见选择为对角线，但以与噪声的比值与我们试图确定的吸收（或扩散）Xj的波动相关的方式进行选择： LAMBDA ij = lambda j delta ij，其中λj = / Y是在检测器处收集的数据，Xk是朝向期望的吸收信息的第k次迭代。将二维（2D）矩阵求逆与一维（1D）傅里叶变换反演相结合的算法用于获取浑浊散射介质中三维隐藏物体的图像。

4. 发明授权

US5813988A Time-resolved diffusion tomographic imaging in highly scattering turbid media 失效
标题翻译：在高散射混浊介质中的时间分辨扩散断层成像
公开(公告)号：US5813988A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-29
申请号：US618471
申请日：1996-03-18
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Feng Liu , Melvin Lax , Bidyut B. Das
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai , Feng Liu , Melvin Lax , Bidyut B. Das
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/47
CPC分类号： A61B5/0073 , G01N21/4795 , A61B5/0091
摘要： A method for imaging objects in highly scattering turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method involves using a plurality of intersecting source/detectors sets and time-resolving equipment to generate a plurality of time-resolved intensity curves for the diffusive component of light emergent from the medium. For each of the curves, the intensities at a plurality of times are then inputted into the following inverse reconstruction algorithm to form an image of the medium: X.sup.(k+1).spsp.T =�Y.sup.T W+X.sup.(k).spsp.T .LAMBDA.!�W.sup.T W+.LAMBDA.!.sup.-1 wherein W is a matrix relating output at detector position r.sub.d, at time t, to source at position r.sub.s, .LAMBDA. is a regularization matrix, chosen for convenience to be diagonal, but selected in a way related to the ratio of the noise, to fluctuations in the absorption (or diffusion) X.sub.j that we are trying to determine: .LAMBDA..sub.ij =.lambda..sub.j .delta..sub.ij with .lambda..sub.j = / Here Y is the data collected at the detectors, and X.sup.k is the kth iterate toward the desired absoption information.
摘要翻译：一种用于在高散射混浊介质中成像物体的方法。根据本发明的一个实施例，该方法包括使用多个相交的源/检测器组和时间分辨设备来产生用于从介质出射的光的漫射分量的多个时间分辨强度曲线。对于每个曲线，多个时间的强度然后被输入到以下逆重建算法中以形成介质的图像：X（k + 1）T = [YTW + X（k）T LAMBDA] [WTW + LAMBDA] -1其中W是将检测器位置rd，时间t处的输出与位置rs处的源相关的矩阵，LAMBDA是为了方便对角线选择的正则化矩阵，但是以与噪声，nn>我们试图确定的吸收（或扩散）Xj的波动：LAMBDA ij = lambda j delta ij与lambda j = / 这里Y是在检测器和Xk是朝向期望的吸收信息的第k次迭代。

5. 发明授权

US07218959B2 Hybrid-dual-fourier tomographic algorithm for a fast three-dimensionial optical image reconstruction in turbid media 有权
标题翻译：混合双重傅立叶断层扫描算法用于混浊介质中的快速三维光学图像重建
公开(公告)号：US07218959B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-15
申请号：US10456264
申请日：2003-06-05
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Wei Cai
IPC分类号： A61B6/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0091 , A61B5/0073 , A61B5/415 , A61B5/418 , A61B5/4312 , A61B5/7257 , G01N21/4795 , G06T11/006
摘要： A reconstruction technique for reducing computation burden in the 3D image processes, wherein the reconstruction procedure comprises an inverse and a forward model. The inverse model uses a hybrid dual Fourier algorithm that combines a 2D Fourier inversion with a 1D matrix inversion to thereby provide high-speed inverse computations. The inverse algorithm uses a hybrid transfer to provide fast Fourier inversion for data of multiple sources and multiple detectors. The forward model is based on an analytical cumulant solution of a radiative transfer equation. The accurate analytical form of the solution to the radiative transfer equation provides an efficient formalism for fast computation of the forward model.
摘要翻译：一种用于减少3D图像处理中的计算负担的重建技术，其中重建过程包括反向和正向模型。逆模型使用混合双傅里叶算法，其将2D傅里叶反演与1D矩阵反演组合，从而提供高速反相计算。逆算法使用混合传输为多个源和多个检测器的数据提供快速傅立叶反演。正向模型基于辐射传递方程的分析累积量解。辐射传递方程的解决方案的准确分析形式为快速计算前向模型提供了一种有效的形式主义。

6. 发明授权

US10433731B2 Continuous diode laser stimulated Raman gain/loss vibrational microscope 有权
公开(公告)号：US10433731B2
公开(公告)日：2019-10-08
申请号：US15243207
申请日：2016-08-22
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Lingyan Shi , Yury Budansky
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/65
摘要： There is a need for a compact instrument and microscope that maps the vibration fingerprints of biomolecules and chemicals in a sample such as brain, breast, cervix, and arteries. One can use spontaneous Raman scattering to accomplish this; however, the problem is low scattering efficiency to 10−5. With the availability of continuous wave diode laser at numerous wavelengths from 375 nm-1800 nm for parametric nonlinear difference vibrational mixing to enhance Stimulated Raman process within materials. A seed beam at Raman frequency is used with pump laser beam. In this way one can map in 2D and 3D images of the vibrations associate with disease changes. Scanning a pair of laser beams can map the location of vibrations within cells, smears, membranes, arteries, and tissues of animal and human.

7. 发明授权

US09804088B2 Spatial frequency spectrometer for and method of detection of spatial structures in materials 有权
公开(公告)号：US09804088B2
公开(公告)日：2017-10-31
申请号：US14580892
申请日：2014-12-23
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Yang Pu
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Yang Pu
IPC分类号： G01B9/02 , G01N21/47
CPC分类号： G01N21/4788
摘要： Spatial frequency spectra from periodic, aperiodic and quasi-random structures in materials are shown and used to detect differences among objects via internal coding from the spatial frequencies. The method is applied to different grades of human tissues for a new form of histology and pathology, and to detect art forgeries and coding boxes, money and papers and gems. The randomness of material structures on surface and at depths near surface can be detected from the spatial spectrum. In tissue spectral features from normal to different stages of cancer in tissue for ex vivo and in vivo applications can be recognized by different spectral fingerprints content of the spatial frequency. Similarly, the painting for the strokes of artist is different. A new type of instrument is described to analyze materials as a Spatial Frequency Spectrometer.

8. 发明授权

US09620858B2 Compact electromagnetic-radiation antenna 有权
公开(公告)号：US09620858B2
公开(公告)日：2017-04-11
申请号：US14218864
申请日：2014-03-18
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , M. Yu Sharonov
IPC分类号： H01Q7/06 , H01Q7/08 , H01Q1/36
CPC分类号： H01Q7/08 , H01Q1/36 , H01Q7/06 , Y10T29/49016
摘要： A compact random media size antenna employing random magnetic and dielectrics nm to mm range size particles in polymer hosts is used to transfer E & M oscillations in 1 kHz to 900 Mhz range using a 1 cm to 1 meter length antenna. This is achieved by using small size particles and a random mean path length of E & M wavefront travel in and about a core tube of effective length matching Leff=L2/2ltr, equivalent to λ/2 for transmitting and receiving E & M radiation, where L is the physical size of the antenna, ltris the transport scattering random walk length between particles and λ is the frequency wavelength.

9. 发明申请

US20160128775A1 METHOD OF USING SUPERCONTINUUM LIGHT FOR MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 审中-公开
标题翻译：超光连接用于医疗和生物应用的方法
公开(公告)号：US20160128775A1
公开(公告)日：2016-05-12
申请号：US14996449
申请日：2016-01-15
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： A61B18/20
CPC分类号： G02B21/0064 , A61B5/0066 , A61B18/20 , A61B2017/00508 , A61B2018/1807 , A61B2018/2065 , A61N5/0622 , A61N2005/0659 , A61N2005/067 , G01N33/4833 , G02B21/0032 , G02B21/0084 , G02F1/3515 , G02F1/3536 , G02F1/355 , G02F1/3551 , G02F1/365 , G02F2001/3528 , G06N99/002
摘要： A method and an apparatus are provided for producing SuperContinuum (SC) light for medical and biological applications is provided. Pulses are focused from a laser system into at least one of a pressurized cell and one or more fibers. A pump pulse is converted into the SC light at a specified rate of repetition. The SC light is applied at the specified rate of repetition to tissue for medical and biological applications.
摘要翻译：提供了用于生产用于医疗和生物应用的超级连续（SC）光的方法和装置。脉冲从激光系统聚焦成加压电池和一个或多个光纤中的至少一个。泵浦脉冲以指定的重复速率转换成SC光。以指定的重复速率将SC光施加到用于医疗和生物应用的组织。

10. 发明授权

US08974444B2 Method for picosecond and femtosecond laser tissue welding 有权
标题翻译：皮秒和飞秒激光组织焊接方法
公开(公告)号：US08974444B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-10
申请号：US13642746
申请日：2011-04-20
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Vidyasagar Sriramoju
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Vidyasagar Sriramoju
IPC分类号： A61B18/20 , A61B17/00 , A61B18/00
CPC分类号： A61B18/20 , A61B18/203 , A61B2017/00508 , A61B2018/00452
摘要： A method for welding tissue wounds in an animal. The method comprises joining edges of a tissue wound and irradiating the tissue wound and tissue surrounding the tissue wound with a pulsed laser. The pulsed laser has a laser wavelength in a range of an absorption band of water, elastin and/or collagen in the tissue wound and tissue surrounding the tissue wound. The pulsed laser has a pulse width of not more than picoseconds in order of magnitude to heat tissue surrounding the tissue wound and facilitate bonding of native tissue protein present in the tissue surrounding the tissue wound to achieve tissue repair. The laser wavelength is in a range of between about 800 nm to about 2,700 nm.
摘要翻译：一种用于焊接动物组织伤口的方法。该方法包括接合伤口组织的边缘并用脉冲激光照射卷绕的组织周围的组织。脉冲激光在组织伤口和围绕组织伤口的组织的水吸收带，弹性蛋白和/或胶原的范围内具有激光波长。脉冲激光器具有不超过皮秒的脉冲宽度，以加热组织周围的组织，并促进存在于围绕组织伤口的组织中的天然组织蛋白质的结合以实现组织修复。激光波长在约800nm至约2,700nm之间的范围内。

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