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1. 发明授权

US06639595B1 Achromatic lighting in a graphics system and method 有权
标题翻译：消色差照明在图形系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06639595B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-28
申请号：US09726216
申请日：2000-11-28
申请人： Robert A. Drebin , Yoshitaka Yasumoto , Martin Hollis , Eric Demers
发明人： Robert A. Drebin , Yoshitaka Yasumoto , Martin Hollis , Eric Demers
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T15/506 , G06T15/02 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/50
摘要： A graphics system including a custom graphics and audio processor produces exciting 2D and 3D graphics and surround sound. The system includes a graphics and audio processor including a 3D graphics pipeline and an audio digital signal processor. Cartoon lighting and other non-photorealistic effects can be produced by using a lighting calculation to produce a parameter other than color or opacity for use in a later modification of a color or opacity value. In more detail, the example embodiment uses the lighting calculation to generate texture coordinates used in a texture mapping operation. The texture mapping operation allows lighting computation results to select between brush strokes for cartoon lighting and other effects. The resulting dynamic cartoon lighting animation can be performed on a low cost platform such as a home video game system or personal computer.
摘要翻译：包括定制图形和音频处理器的图形系统产生令人兴奋的2D和3D图形和环绕声。该系统包括包括3D图形流水线和音频数字信号处理器的图形和音频处理器。可以通过使用照明计算产生不同于颜色或不透明度的参数来产生卡通照明和其他非真实感效果，以用于稍后修改颜色或不透明度值。更详细地，示例性实施例使用照明计算来生成纹理映射操作中使用的纹理坐标。纹理映射操作允许照明计算结果在卡通照明的画笔笔画和其他效果之间进行选择。所产生的动态卡通照明动画可以在诸如家庭视频游戏系统或个人计算机的低成本平台上执行。

2. 发明申请

US20120249562A1 FLOATING POINT COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH FOG 有权
标题翻译： FLOGTING POINT COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH FOG
公开(公告)号：US20120249562A1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-04
申请号：US13494138
申请日：2012-06-12
申请人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
发明人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
IPC分类号： G06F13/14
CPC分类号： G06T15/405 , G06T1/20 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/00 , G06T17/00 , G06T19/00 , G09G5/393
摘要： A floating point rasterization and frame buffer in a computer system graphics program. The rasterization, fog, lighting, texturing, blending, and antialiasing processes operate on floating point values. In one embodiment, a 16-bit floating point format consisting of one sign bit, ten mantissa bits, and five exponent bits (s10e5), is used to optimize the range and precision afforded by the 16 available bits of information. In other embodiments, the floating point format can be defined in the manner preferred in order to achieve a desired range and precision of the data stored in the frame buffer. The final floating point values corresponding to pixel attributes are stored in a frame buffer and eventually read and drawn for display. The graphics program can operate directly on the data in the frame buffer without losing any of the desired range and precision of the data.
摘要翻译：计算机系统图形程序中的浮点光栅化和帧缓冲区。光栅化，雾化，照明，纹理，混合和抗锯齿处理工作在浮点值上。在一个实施例中，使用由一个符号位，十个尾数位和五个指数位（s10e5）组成的16位浮点格式来优化由16个可用位信息提供的范围和精度。在其他实施例中，可以以优选的方式定义浮点格式，以便实现存储在帧缓冲器中的数据的期望范围和精度。对应于像素属性的最终浮点值存储在帧缓冲器中，并最终读取并绘制以进行显示。图形程序可以直接对帧缓冲器中的数据进行操作，而不会丢失数据的所需范围和精度。

3. 发明授权

US07526125B2 Method of and apparatus for compressing and uncompressing image data 有权
标题翻译：用于压缩和解压缩图像数据的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07526125B2
公开(公告)日：2009-04-28
申请号：US12029406
申请日：2008-02-11
申请人： Robert A. Drebin , David Wang , Christopher J. Migdal
发明人： Robert A. Drebin , David Wang , Christopher J. Migdal
IPC分类号： G06K9/36 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06T9/00 , G06T9/005 , H04N19/176 , H04N19/186 , H04N19/21 , H04N19/593 , H04N19/90
摘要： The present invention provides for a method of and apparatus for compressing and uncompressing image data. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the method of compressing a color cell comprises the steps of: defining at least four luminance levels of the color cell; generating a bitmask for the color cell, the bitmask having a plurality of entries each corresponding to a respective one of the pixels, each of the entries for storing data identifying one of the luminance levels associated with a corresponding one of the pixels; calculating a first average color of pixels associated with a first one of the luminance levels; calculating a second average color of pixels associated with a second one of the luminance levels; and storing the bitmask in association with the first average color and the second average color. In one embodiment, the color cell includes a matrix of 4×4 pixels, the bitmask includes 32-bits and each of the color values includes 16-bits such that a compression rate of 4-bits per pixel is achieved. The present invention is particularly applicable to compress texture data such that the texture data can be more efficiently cached and moved during texture mapping. In that embodiment, the present invention can also support the compression of luminance, intensity and alpha textures.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种用于压缩和解压缩图像数据的方法和装置。根据本发明的一个实施例，压缩彩色单元的方法包括以下步骤：定义彩色单元的至少四个亮度级; 为所述彩色单元生成位掩码，所述位掩码具有多个条目，每个条目各自对应于所述像素中的相应一个像素，所述条目中的每一个用于存储识别与所述像素中的相应一个像素相关联的亮度级中的一个的数据; 计算与所述亮度级中的第一个相关联的像素的第一平均颜色; 计算与第二个亮度级相关联的像素的第二平均颜色; 以及存储与第一平均颜色和第二平均颜色相关联的位掩码。在一个实施例中，彩色单元包括4×4像素的矩阵，位掩码包括32位，并且每个颜色值包括16位，使得实现每像素4位的压缩率。本发明特别适用于压缩纹理数据，使得在纹理映射期间可以更有效地缓存和移动纹理数据。在该实施例中，本发明还可以支持亮度，强度和α纹理的压缩。

4. 发明授权

US07176919B2 Recirculating shade tree blender for a graphics system 有权
标题翻译：用于图形系统的循环遮光树搅拌机
公开(公告)号：US07176919B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-13
申请号：US11242138
申请日：2005-10-04
申请人： Robert A. Drebin , Timothy J. Van Hook , Patrick Y. Law , Mark M. Leather , Matthew Komsthoeft
发明人： Robert A. Drebin , Timothy J. Van Hook , Patrick Y. Law , Mark M. Leather , Matthew Komsthoeft
IPC分类号： G06T15/50
CPC分类号： G06T15/80 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/50
摘要： A graphics system including a custom graphics and audio processor produces exciting 2D and 3D graphics and surround sound. A relatively low chip-footprint, versatile texture environment (TEV) processing subsystem is implemented in a pipelined graphics system circulates computed color and alpha data over multiple texture blending/shading cycles (stages). The texture-environment subsystem combines per-vertex lighting, textures and constant (rasterized) colors to form computed pixel color prior to fogging and final pixel blending. Blending operations for color (RGB) and alpha components are independently processed by a single sub-blend unit that is reused over multiple processing stages to combine multiple textures.
摘要翻译：包括定制图形和音频处理器的图形系统产生令人兴奋的2D和3D图形和环绕声。在流水线图形系统中实现了相对较低的芯片占用面积多样化的纹理环境（TEV）处理子系统，通过多个纹理混合/阴影循环（阶段）循环计算的颜色和alpha数据。纹理环境子系统结合了每顶点照明，纹理和常量（光栅化）颜色，以在雾化和最终像素混合之前形成计算的像素颜色。颜色（RGB）和alpha组件的混合操作由单个子混合单元独立处理，该单个子混合单元在多个处理阶段重复使用以组合多个纹理。

5. 发明授权

US5381518A Method and apparatus for imaging volume data using voxel values 失效
标题翻译：使用体素值对体数据进行成像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5381518A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-10
申请号：US993830
申请日：1992-12-18
申请人： Robert A. Drebin , Loren C. Carpenter
发明人： Robert A. Drebin , Loren C. Carpenter
IPC分类号： G03B42/02 , A61B6/02 , A61B6/03 , G06T1/00 , G06T11/00 , G06T15/08 , G06T15/80 , G06T17/00 , G09G5/36 , G06F15/62 , G06F15/42
CPC分类号： G06T17/00
摘要： An imaging system for providing apparatus and method for projecting a two dimensional (2D) representation of three dimensional (3D) volumes where surface boundaries and objects internal to the volumes are readily shown, and hidden surfaces and the surface boundaries themselves are accurately rendered. In the present invention, the two dimensional image produced is capable of having the same resolution as the sampling resolution of the input image image volume of interest. This is accomplished through the implementation of methods for determining "partial volumes" of voxels. Partial voluming provides for the assignment of selected colors and opacities to different materials (or data components) represented in an image data volume based on the percentage composition of materials represented in each voxel of the image volume. Unlike prior art systems, such as those that use thresholding techniques, the imaging of the present invention has a high degree of precision and definition that is independent of image volume on a per voxel basis.
摘要翻译：一种用于提供用于投影三维（3D）体积的二维（2D）表示的装置和方法的成像系统，其中容易地显示体积内部的表面边界和物体，并且隐藏的表面和表面边界本身被准确地呈现。在本发明中，所生成的二维图像能够具有与感兴趣的输入图像图像体积的采样分辨率相同的分辨率。这通过实施用于确定体素的“部分体积”的方法来实现。部分容量用于根据在图像体积的每个体素中表示的材料的百分比组成，将所选择的颜色和不透明度分配给在图像数据体积中表示的不同材料（或数据组件）。不同于现有技术的系统，例如使用阈值技术的系统，本发明的成像具有高度的精度和定义，其独立于基于体素的图像体积。

6. 发明授权

US09652560B1 Non-blocking memory management unit 有权
公开(公告)号：US09652560B1
公开(公告)日：2017-05-16
申请号：US13314005
申请日：2011-12-07
申请人： James Wang , Robert A. Drebin , Patrick Y. Law
发明人： James Wang , Robert A. Drebin , Patrick Y. Law
IPC分类号： G09G5/39 , G06F17/30
CPC分类号： G06F17/30994 , G06F12/08 , G06F12/0893 , G06F12/1027 , G06F13/1668 , G06F2212/1016
摘要： Techniques are disclosed relating to handling page faults created by a processor unit. In some embodiments, such techniques may be used within the context of graphics processor units (GPUs) to reduce the chances that a page fault will result in a GPU-pipeline stall. In one embodiment, a processor includes a graphics processor pipeline and a memory management unit. The graphics processor pipeline includes a plurality of pipeline stages. The memory management unit is configured to determine that a first data request from a first of the plurality of pipeline stages causes a page fault, and to service requests from one or more others of the plurality of pipeline stages while the page fault is being serviced.

7. 发明授权

US08610729B2 Floating point computer system with fog 有权
标题翻译：浮点计算机系统带雾
公开(公告)号：US08610729B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-17
申请号：US13494138
申请日：2012-06-12
申请人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
发明人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
IPC分类号： G06F13/14 , G06T1/20 , G06T15/40 , G06T15/00 , G06T17/00 , G06T19/00
CPC分类号： G06T15/405 , G06T1/20 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/00 , G06T17/00 , G06T19/00 , G09G5/393
摘要： A floating point rasterization and frame buffer in a computer system graphics program. The rasterization, fog, lighting, texturing, blending, and antialiasing processes operate on floating point values. In one embodiment, a 16-bit floating point format consisting of one sign bit, ten mantissa bits, and five exponent bits (s10e5), is used to optimize the range and precision afforded by the 16 available bits of information. In other embodiments, the floating point format can be defined in the manner preferred in order to achieve a desired range and precision of the data stored in the frame buffer. The final floating point values corresponding to pixel attributes are stored in a frame buffer and eventually read and drawn for display. The graphics program can operate directly on the data in the frame buffer without losing any of the desired range and precision of the data.
摘要翻译：计算机系统图形程序中的浮点光栅化和帧缓冲区。光栅化，雾化，照明，纹理，混合和抗锯齿处理工作在浮点值上。在一个实施例中，使用由一个符号位，十个尾数位和五个指数位（s10e5）组成的16位浮点格式来优化由16个可用位信息提供的范围和精度。在其他实施例中，可以以优选的方式定义浮点格式，以便实现存储在帧缓冲器中的数据的期望范围和精度。对应于像素属性的最终浮点值存储在帧缓冲器中，并最终读取并绘制以进行显示。图形程序可以直接对帧缓冲器中的数据进行操作，而不会丢失数据的所需范围和精度。

8. 发明申请

US20120139931A1 DISPLAY SYSTEM HAVING FLOATING POINT RASTERIZATION AND FLOATING POINT FRAMEBUFFERING 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有浮点漂移和浮动点框架显示系统
公开(公告)号：US20120139931A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-07
申请号：US13397830
申请日：2012-02-16
申请人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
发明人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
IPC分类号： G09G5/39
CPC分类号： G06T15/405 , G06T1/20 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/00 , G06T17/00 , G06T19/00 , G09G5/393
摘要： A floating point rasterization and frame buffer in a computer system graphics program. The rasterization, fog, lighting, texturing, blending, and antialiasing processes operate on floating point values. In one embodiment, a 16-bit floating point format consisting of one sign bit, ten mantissa bits, and five exponent bits (s10e5), is used to optimize the range and precision afforded by the 16 available bits of information. In other embodiments, the floating point format can be defined in the manner preferred in order to achieve a desired range and precision of the data stored in the frame buffer. The final floating point values corresponding to pixel attributes are stored in a frame buffer and eventually read and drawn for display. The graphics program can operate directly on the data in the frame buffer without losing any of the desired range and precision of the data.
摘要翻译：计算机系统图形程序中的浮点光栅化和帧缓冲区。光栅化，雾化，照明，纹理，混合和抗锯齿处理工作在浮点值上。在一个实施例中，使用由一个符号位，十个尾数位和五个指数位（s10e5）组成的16位浮点格式来优化由16个可用位信息提供的范围和精度。在其他实施例中，可以以优选的方式定义浮点格式，以便实现存储在帧缓冲器中的数据的期望范围和精度。对应于像素属性的最终浮点值存储在帧缓冲器中，并最终读取并绘制以进行显示。图形程序可以直接对帧缓冲器中的数据进行操作，而不会丢失数据的所需范围和精度。

9. 发明申请

US20110169842A1 DISPLAY SYSTEM HAVING FLOATING POINT RASTERIZATION AND FLOATING POINT FRAMEBUFFERING 有权
标题翻译：具有浮点漂移和浮动点框架显示系统
公开(公告)号：US20110169842A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-14
申请号：US13004650
申请日：2011-01-11
申请人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
发明人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
IPC分类号： G06F13/14 , G09G5/36
CPC分类号： G06T15/405 , G06T1/20 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/00 , G06T17/00 , G06T19/00 , G09G5/393
摘要： A floating point rasterization and frame buffer in a computer system graphics program. The rasterization, fog, lighting, texturing, blending, and antialiasing processes operate on floating point values. In one embodiment, a 16-bit floating point format consisting of one sign bit, ten mantissa bits, and five exponent bits (s10e5), is used to optimize the range and precision afforded by the 16 available bits of information. In other embodiments, the floating point format can be defined in the manner preferred in order to achieve a desired range and precision of the data stored in the frame buffer. The final floating point values corresponding to pixel attributes are stored in a frame buffer and eventually read and drawn for display. The graphics program can operate directly on the data in the frame buffer without losing any of the desired range and precision of the data.
摘要翻译：计算机系统图形程序中的浮点光栅化和帧缓冲区。光栅化，雾化，照明，纹理，混合和抗锯齿处理工作在浮点值上。在一个实施例中，使用由一个符号位，十个尾数位和五个指数位（s10e5）组成的16位浮点格式来优化由16个可用位信息提供的范围和精度。在其他实施例中，可以以优选的方式定义浮点格式，以便实现存储在帧缓冲器中的数据的期望范围和精度。对应于像素属性的最终浮点值存储在帧缓冲器中，并最终读取并绘制以进行显示。图形程序可以直接对帧缓冲器中的数据进行操作，而不会丢失数据的所需范围和精度。

10. 发明授权

US07518615B1 Display system having floating point rasterization and floating point framebuffering 有权
标题翻译：显示系统具有浮点光栅化和浮点帧缓冲
公开(公告)号：US07518615B1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-14
申请号：US09614363
申请日：2000-07-12
申请人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
发明人： John M. Airey , Mark S. Peercy , Robert A. Drebin , John Montrym , David L. Dignam , Christopher J. Migdal , Danny D. Loh
IPC分类号： G06F13/14 , G06T1/20
CPC分类号： G06T15/405 , G06T1/20 , G06T11/40 , G06T15/00 , G06T17/00 , G06T19/00 , G09G5/393
摘要： A floating point rasterization and frame buffer in a computer system graphics program. The rasterization, fog, lighting, texturing, blending, and antialiasing processes operate on floating point values. In one embodiment, a 16-bit floating point format consisting of one sign bit, ten mantissa bits, and five exponent bits (s10e5), is used to optimize the range and precision afforded by the 16 available bits of information. In other embodiments, the floating point format can be defined in the manner preferred in order to achieve a desired range and precision of the data stored in the frame buffer. The final floating point values corresponding to pixel attributes are stored in a frame buffer and eventually read and drawn for display. The graphics program can operate directly on the data in the frame buffer without losing any of the desired range and precision of the data.
摘要翻译：计算机系统图形程序中的浮点光栅化和帧缓冲区。光栅化，雾化，照明，纹理，混合和抗锯齿处理工作在浮点值上。在一个实施例中，使用由一个符号位，十个尾数位和五个指数位（s10e5）组成的16位浮点格式来优化由16个可用位信息提供的范围和精度。在其他实施例中，可以以优选的方式定义浮点格式，以便实现存储在帧缓冲器中的数据的期望范围和精度。对应于像素属性的最终浮点值存储在帧缓冲器中，并最终读取并绘制以进行显示。图形程序可以直接对帧缓冲器中的数据进行操作，而不会丢失数据的所需范围和精度。

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