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1. 发明授权

US07095676B2 Assessing a solids deposit in an oilfield pipe 有权
公开(公告)号：US07095676B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-22
申请号：US10112008
申请日：2002-03-29
申请人： Ralph M. D'Angelo , Kenneth W. Winkler , David L. Johnson , Gale Gustavson , Oliver C. Mullins
发明人： Ralph M. D'Angelo , Kenneth W. Winkler , David L. Johnson , Gale Gustavson , Oliver C. Mullins
IPC分类号： G01V1/40
CPC分类号： G01N29/52 , G01N29/07 , G01N29/222 , G01N29/46 , G01N2291/012 , G01N2291/015 , G01N2291/0423 , G01N2291/057 , G01N2291/106 , G01N2291/2634
摘要： Tube waves are used to locate and characterize a solids deposit inside a fluid-filled pipe. An acoustic tube wave pulse is transmitted along the pipe. On encountering a solids deposit, the tube wave pulse is perturbed and partially reflected by changes in the boundary conditions between the fluid and the pipe to produce two deposit-modified acoustic waves. One is a perturbed wave travelling in the same direction as the tube wave pulse. The other is a reflected wave travelling in the opposite direction. One of these deposit-modified acoustic waves is received to produce an acoustic signal. Accumulated acoustic signals are processed by Fast-Fourier Transform to produce frequency-based digital data. Phase data from the frequency-based digital data is inverted to produce slowness spectrum data. Power data from the frequency-based digital data is inverted to produce attenuation spectrum data. Spectrum data is used to locate a solids deposit in the pipe. Inversion model processing of the spectrum data is used to estimate solids deposit thickness and type.

2. 发明授权

US06510389B1 Acoustic detection of stress-induced mechanical damage in a borehole wall 有权
标题翻译：井眼中应力引起的机械损伤的声学检测
公开(公告)号：US06510389B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-21
申请号：US09513602
申请日：2000-02-25
申请人： Kenneth W. Winkler , Thomas J. Plona , Bikash Sinha , Ralph M. D'Angelo , Lawrence McGowan
发明人： Kenneth W. Winkler , Thomas J. Plona , Bikash Sinha , Ralph M. D'Angelo , Lawrence McGowan
IPC分类号： G01V128
CPC分类号： G01N29/48 , G01N29/07 , G01N29/11 , G01N29/52 , G01N2291/2636 , G01V1/50
摘要： A method provides for locating and measuring mechanical damage in rock surrounding a borehole by detecting one or both of reductions in ultrasonic compressional wave velocity in the rock as a function of azimuth, and by detecting focused acoustic energy in the rock from local increases in ultrasonic compressional wave amplitude resulting from velocity gradients. A first preferred embodiment uses a combination of azimuthal ultrasonic compressional wave velocity data and azimuthal ultrasonic compressional wave energy data. A second embodiment uses azimuthal ultrasonic compressional wave velocity data and omni-directional sonic velocity data, with a comparison test or a curve fitting test. A third embodiment uses azimuthal ultrasonic compressional wave energy data.
摘要翻译：一种方法通过检测岩石中的超声波压缩波速度的减小之一或两者作为方位的函数来定位和测量围绕钻孔的岩石中的机械损伤，并且通过从超声压缩的局部增加中检测岩石中的聚焦声能波幅由速度梯度引起。第一优选实施例使用方位超声压缩波速度数据和方位超声波压缩波能量数据的组合。第二实施例使用方位超声波压缩波速度数据和全向声速数据，进行比较测试或曲线拟合测试。第三实施例使用方位超声压缩波能数据。

3. 发明授权

US06678616B1 Method and tool for producing a formation velocity image data set 有权
标题翻译：用于生成地层速度图像数据集的方法和工具
公开(公告)号：US06678616B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-13
申请号：US09434694
申请日：1999-11-05
申请人： Kenneth W. Winkler , Ralph M. D'Angelo
发明人： Kenneth W. Winkler , Ralph M. D'Angelo
IPC分类号： G01V100
CPC分类号： G01V1/52 , G01V1/44
摘要： Methods and tools are provided for real time velocity imaging of a borehole wall with sufficiently high resolution to identify vugs, worm holes, thin beds, dip angles, fractures and breakouts, for both open hole logging and logging while drilling in the presence of OBM's. A method is provided which includes transmitting an ultrasonic pulse through the borehole wall, receiving at first and second spaced-apart receivers an ultrasonic pulse refracted from the borehole wall, and producing a velocity image data value indicative of difference of arrival times at first and second spaced-apart receivers. This is repeated at a plurality of azimuths and depths to produce a velocity image data set. The method uses compressional pulses and/or pseudo-Raleigh pulses. A tool is provided for wireline use having an ultrasonic transmitter for transmitting ultrasonic pulses into the borehole wall, and a plurality of ultrasonic receivers. A processor in the tool produces real time velocity image data values indicative of time of flight of an ultrasonic pulse in the borehole wall. A similar tool is provided for logging while drilling (LWD).
摘要翻译：提供了方法和工具，用于在具有足够高分辨率的井壁实时速度成像，以便在存在OBM的同时进行钻孔时识别出孔，蜗杆孔，薄床，倾角，断裂和断裂。提供了一种方法，其包括：通过所述钻孔壁传输超声波脉冲;在所述第一和第二间隔开的接收器处接收从所述钻孔壁折射的超声波脉冲，以及产生指示第一和第二时间到达时间差的速度图像数据值间隔开的接收器。这在多个方位角和深度处重复以产生速度图像数据集。该方法使用压缩脉冲和/或伪罗利脉冲。提供了一种用于电缆使用的工具，其具有用于将超声波脉冲发射到井壁中的超声波发射器和多个超声波接收器。工具中的处理器产生指示井眼壁中的超声波脉冲的飞行时间的实时速度图像数据值。提供了一种类似的工具，用于钻井记录（LWD）。

4. 发明授权

US5619475A Method of predicting mechanical failure in formation utilizing stress derivatives which measure formation nonlinearity 失效
标题翻译：使用测量地层非线性的应力衍生物预测地层机械故障的方法
公开(公告)号：US5619475A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US555796
申请日：1995-11-09
申请人： Kenneth W. Winkler
发明人： Kenneth W. Winkler
IPC分类号： G01H5/00 , G01V1/50 , G01V1/40
CPC分类号： G01H5/00 , G01V1/50 , G01N2291/02491 , G01N2291/0421 , G01N2291/0422
摘要： A method for determining whether a formation is subject to incipient failure are disclosed. The method comprises determining in situ a nonlinear parameter of a formation, and determining whether the nonlinear parameter and/or a derivative of that nonlinear parameter as a function of stress has a relatively large negative value in order to determine whether the formation is subject to incipient failure. In a preferred embodiment, the nonlinear parameter of the formation is a derivative of the square of the shear or compressional velocity with respect to formation stress. The nonlinear parameter of the derivative of the square of the shear velocity with respect to stress is considered to have a large negative value when it is .ltoreq.-0.1 (km/sec).sup.2/ MPa, while the nonlinear parameter of the derivative of the square of the compressional velocity with respect to stress is considered to have a large negative value when it is .ltoreq.-0.2 (km/sec).sup.2 /MPa. The derivative of the derivative of the square of the shear or compressional velocity with respect to stress is considered to have a large negative value when the derivative is .ltoreq.-0.06 (km/sec).sup.2 /(MPa).sup.2. Typically, rocks will fail if uniaxially stressed between 11-5 MPa beyond any of those points.
摘要翻译：公开了一种确定地层是否遭受初期故障的方法。该方法包括原位确定地层的非线性参数，并且确定作为应力的函数的该非线性参数的非线性参数和/或导数是否具有相对较大的负值，以便确定地层是否受到初始失败。在优选实施例中，地层的非线性参数是相对于地层应力的剪切或压缩速度的平方的导数。当剪切速度相对于应力的平方的导数的非线性参数在≤0.1（km / sec）2 / MPa时被认为具有大的负值，而导数的非线性参数相对于应力的压缩速度的平方被认为具有大的负值，当它为

5. 发明授权

US5521882A Measurement of formation characteristics using acoustic borehole tool having sources of different frequencies 失效
标题翻译：使用具有不同频率源的声孔工具测量地层特征
公开(公告)号：US5521882A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-28
申请号：US298919
申请日：1994-08-31
申请人： Ralph D'Angelo , Christopher V. Kimball , Sergio Kostek , Thomas J. Plona , Kenneth W. Winkler
发明人： Ralph D'Angelo , Christopher V. Kimball , Sergio Kostek , Thomas J. Plona , Kenneth W. Winkler
IPC分类号： G01V1/30 , G01V1/44 , G01V1/52 , G01V1/40
CPC分类号： G01V1/303 , G01V1/44 , G01V1/52 , G01N2291/02491 , G01N2291/0421 , G01N2291/0422
摘要： Apparatus and methods for determining an indication of a nonlinear property of a formation traversed by a borehole are provided. An acoustic tool is used in a borehole to generate first and second signals of different frequencies. As a result of nonlinearities in the formation, the mixing of the first and second signals results in a third signal having a frequency equal to the difference of the frequencies of the first and second signals. The amplitude of the third signal is measured by a detector, and the indication of nonlinearity of the formation is determined according to a relationship which relates the measured amplitude at the measured frequency to the amplitudes of the first and second signals, the frequency of measurement, the velocity of the measured wave, the distance of the receiver from the source, and a function of the nonlinear and linear parameters of the formation. The indication of nonlinearity may then be utilized to give an indication of the relative consolidation of the formation surrounding the borehole.
摘要翻译：提供了用于确定由钻孔穿过的地层的非线性特征的指示的装置和方法。在井眼中使用声学工具来产生不同频率的第一和第二信号。作为形成中的非线性的结果，第一和第二信号的混合导致具有等于第一和第二信号的频率差的频率的第三信号。第三信号的振幅由检测器测量，并且根据将测得的频率处的测量幅度与第一和第二信号的幅度，测量频率相关联的关系确定地层的非线性指示，测量波的速度，接收器距离源的距离，以及地层的非线性和线性参数的函数。然后可以使用非线性的指示来给出围绕钻孔的地层的相对固结的指示。

6. 发明授权

US5544127A Borehole apparatus and methods for measuring formation velocities as a function of azimuth, and interpretation thereof 失效
标题翻译：钻孔装置和用于测量作为方位角的函数的地层速度的方法及其解释
公开(公告)号：US5544127A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-06
申请号：US220717
申请日：1994-03-30
申请人： Kenneth W. Winkler
发明人： Kenneth W. Winkler
IPC分类号： E21B47/12 , G01C21/00 , G01V1/02 , G01V1/16 , G01V1/20 , G01V1/30 , G01V1/40 , G01V1/52 , G01V1/00
CPC分类号： G01V1/303 , G01V1/52 , G01N2291/02491 , G01N2291/0421 , G01N2291/0422
摘要： Borehole tools are provided with at least one transmitter which generates acoustic waves at a plurality of azimuthal locations about the borehole, and at least one receiver which receives and measures a characteristic (e.g., velocity) of the acoustic waves at related azimuthal locations. The direction of minimum velocity around the borehole is considered the direction of maximum uniaxial stress in the formation. From the velocity as a function of azimuth information, determinations of formation properties, and logs of the same can be made. The azimuthal direction of minimum velocity around the borehole predicts the propagation direction of artifically induced hydrofractures. The velocity variation around the borehole at a particular depth of the borehole is taken as an indication of susceptibility to failure, with higher velocity variations indicative of a more poorly consolidated formation or a formation with a large uniaxial stress. The curvature of the velocity versus stress curve in the formation is also indicated by how poorly a sine wave fits to the velocity data. Other parameters of the formation are obtained by fitting a best fit curve to the azimuth versus velocity data, where adjustable parameters of the best fit curve constitute the formation parameters.
摘要翻译：钻孔工具设置有至少一个发射器，其在围绕钻孔的多个方位位置处产生声波，以及至少一个接收器，其接收并测量相关方位角处的声波的特性（例如速度）。井眼周围最小速度的方向被认为是地层最大单轴应力的方向。根据作为方位角信息的函数的速度，可以确定其形成性质和其原木。井眼周围最小速度的方位方向预测了人为引起的水力裂缝的传播方向。在井眼特定深度处的钻孔周围的速度变化被认为是对破坏敏感性的指示，较高的速度变化表示更不均匀的地层或具有大的单轴应力的地层。地层中速度与应力曲线的曲率也由正弦波与速度数据拟合程度的差异表示。通过将最佳拟合曲线拟合到方位角对速度数据，其中最佳拟合曲线的可调参数构成地层参数，可获得其他参数。

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