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    • 6. 发明申请
    • POLARIZATION INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE
    • 偏振干涉微观
    • US20070247635A1
    • 2007-10-25
    • US11733466
    • 2007-04-10
    • Ralf KrugerChristian Schulz
    • Ralf KrugerChristian Schulz
    • G01B9/02
    • G02B21/18
    • The present invention relates to a polarization interference microscope (1) for imaging objects (5). The polarization interference microscope (1) comprises a light source (2), an illumination beam path (6), an imaging beam path (7) and an objective (4). The illumination beam path (6) extends from the light source (2) to the object (5). The imaging beam path (7) extends from the object (5) to a detector or a tube (3). At least one polarization means (9) is provided in the illumination beam path (6) and/or in the imaging beam path (7), by which at least one polarization means the light of the respective beam path (6, 7) can be converted into a predeterminable polarization state. An analyzer means (10) is provided in the imaging beam path (7). A birefringent component is provided between the polarization means (9) and the analyzer means (10), by which birefringent component the light polarized by the polarization means (9) can be divided into two partial beams (13, 14) having different polarization directions. The component can produce a splitting between the two partial beams (13, 14). The present invention furthermore relates to a retrofit kit for a conventional microscope and for a conventional polarization interference microscope, respectively, and a method for imaging objects. In order to enable variable contrasting of the interference contrast, the polarization interference microscope (1) according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the component has a liquid crystal element (11, 21, 23) formed in such a way that the value of the splitting between the two partial beams (13, 14) is settable in a variable manner thereby.
    • 本发明涉及用于成像物体(5)的偏振干涉显微镜(1)。 偏振干涉显微镜(1)包括光源(2),照明光束路径(6),成像光束路径(7)和物镜(4)。 照明光束路径(6)从光源(2)延伸到物体(5)。 成像光束路径(7)从物体(5)延伸到检测器或管(3)。 至少一个偏振装置(9)设置在照明光束路径(6)和/或成像光束路径(7)中,通过该至少一个偏振装置,至少一个偏振部分意味着相应光束路径(6,7)的光可以 被转换为可预定的偏振状态。 分析仪装置(10)设置在成像光束路径(7)中。 在偏振装置(9)和分析装置(10)之间设置有双折射分量,由偏振装置(9)偏振的光可被双折射分量分成具有不同偏振方向的两个部分光束(13,14) 。 该部件可以在两个部分光束(13,14)之间产生分裂。 本发明还涉及分别用于常规显微镜和常规偏振干涉显微镜的改进套件以及用于成像对象的方法。 为了实现干涉对比度的可变对比度,根据本发明的偏振干涉显微镜(1)的特征在于,该部件具有如下的事实:该液晶元件(11,21,23)以如下方式形成: 两个部分光束(13,14)之间的分割可由可变方式设定。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Preparation and use of reactive and processable fluoropolymers
    • 反应性和可加工的含氟聚合物的制备和使用
    • US5698635A
    • 1997-12-16
    • US554324
    • 1995-11-02
    • Ralf KrugerDavid HarrisonDieter Wrobel
    • Ralf KrugerDavid HarrisonDieter Wrobel
    • C08F8/00C08F8/50C08F259/00C08F271/02
    • C08F8/00C08F8/30C08F2800/20C08F2810/20C08F2810/30
    • A reactive and processable fluoropolymer, obtainable by mechanical shearing of a fluoropolymer A) comprising polymerized monomer units of at least one fluorinated, optionally substituted, alkene with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally at least one member selected from the group consisting of a perfluorinated vinyl ether, non-fluorinated olefin and non-fluorinated vinyl ester, and 0.3 to 7% of a compound B) which possesses a double bond (I) capable of adding to polymeric radical fragments and a II-electron system which is either conjugated with double bond (I) or has readily transferrable hydrogen atoms in the allyl or benzyl position and optionally further double bonds or reactive groups and optionally further auxiliary agents (C). The fluoropolymer is especially useful in radical addition or nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution or addition, e.g. cross-linking or grafting.
    • 可通过机械剪切含氟聚合物A)获得的反应性和可加工的含氟聚合物包含至少一种具有2至8个碳原子的氟化,任选取代的烯烃的聚合单体单元和任选的至少一种选自全氟化乙烯基 醚,非氟化烯烃和非氟化乙烯基酯,以及0.3-7%的具有能够加入到聚合物基团碎片中的双键(I)的化合物B)和与双键结合的II-电子体系 键(I)或在烯丙基或苄基位置具有易于转移的氢原子,以及任选的另外的双键或反应性基团以及任选的其它助剂(C)。 氟聚合物特别可用于自由基加成或亲核或亲电取代或加成,例如 交联或接枝。