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1. 发明申请

US20050171703A1 Material condition monitoring with multiple sensing modes 有权
标题翻译：物料状态监测与多种感应模式
公开(公告)号：US20050171703A1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-04
申请号：US11036780
申请日：2005-01-14
申请人： Neil Goldfine , Darrell Schlicker , Vladimir Zilberstein , Andrew Washabaugh , Volker Weiss , Christopher Craven , Ian Shay , David Grundy , Karen Walrath , Robert Lyons
发明人： Neil Goldfine , Darrell Schlicker , Vladimir Zilberstein , Andrew Washabaugh , Volker Weiss , Christopher Craven , Ian Shay , David Grundy , Karen Walrath , Robert Lyons
IPC分类号： G01N27/90 , G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/9013
摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.
摘要翻译：描述了评估材料状况的方法。这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。源场包括电，磁，热和声场。加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。

2. 发明申请

US20070227255A1 Self-monitoring metals, alloys and materials 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：US20070227255A1
公开(公告)日：2007-10-04
申请号：US11698296
申请日：2007-01-25
申请人： Neil Goldfine , Vladimir Zilberstein , David Grundy , Andrew Washabaugh , Darrell Schlicker , Ian Shay , Robert Lyons , Christopher Craven , Christopher Root , Mark Windoloski , Volker Weiss
发明人： Neil Goldfine , Vladimir Zilberstein , David Grundy , Andrew Washabaugh , Darrell Schlicker , Ian Shay , Robert Lyons , Christopher Craven , Christopher Root , Mark Windoloski , Volker Weiss
IPC分类号： G01L1/12
CPC分类号： G01N27/902 , G01N27/023 , G01N27/24 , G01N27/904 , G01N27/9046 , G01N27/9053
摘要： Observability of damage precursor, damage and usage states, or event occurrence may be enhanced by modifying component materials to include self-monitoring materials or by processing test material to alter the surface properties. The properties of the self monitoring materials, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, are monitored with electromagnetic sensors and provide greater property variations with component condition than the original component material. Processing includes shot peening or laser welding.

3. 发明申请

US20050083032A1 Self-monitoring metals, alloys and materials 有权
标题翻译：自我监测金属，合金和材料
公开(公告)号：US20050083032A1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-21
申请号：US10937105
申请日：2004-09-08
申请人： Neil Goldfine , Vladimir Zilberstein , David Grundy , Andrew Washabaugh , Darrell Schlicker , Ian Shay , Robert Lyons , Christopher Craven , Christopher Root , Mark Windoloski , Volker Weiss
发明人： Neil Goldfine , Vladimir Zilberstein , David Grundy , Andrew Washabaugh , Darrell Schlicker , Ian Shay , Robert Lyons , Christopher Craven , Christopher Root , Mark Windoloski , Volker Weiss
IPC分类号： G01N27/00 , G01N27/02 , G01N27/24 , G01N27/90
CPC分类号： G01N27/902 , G01N27/023 , G01N27/24 , G01N27/904 , G01N27/9046 , G01N27/9053
摘要： Observability of damage precursor, damage and usage states, or event occurrence may be enhanced by modifying component materials to include self-monitoring materials or by processing test material to alter the surface properties. The properties of the self monitoring materials, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, are monitored with electromagnetic sensors and provide greater property variations with component condition than the original component material. Processing includes shot peening or laser welding.
摘要翻译：通过修改组分材料以包括自我监测材料或通过加工测试材料以改变表面性质，可以增强损伤前体，损坏和使用状态或事件发生的可观察性。使用电磁传感器监测自我监测材料的特性，例如磁导率或电导率，并且与原始组件材料相比，可提供比组件条件更大的性能变化。处理包括喷丸硬化或激光焊接。

4. 发明申请

US20070114993A1 Magnetic field characterization of stresses and properties in materials 审中-公开
标题翻译：材料应力和性能的磁场表征
公开(公告)号：US20070114993A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-24
申请号：US11292146
申请日：2005-11-30
申请人： Neil Goldfine , Ian Shay , Darrell Schlicker , Andrew Washabaugh , David Grundy , Robert Lyons , Vladimir Zilberstein , Vladimir Tsukernik
发明人： Neil Goldfine , Ian Shay , Darrell Schlicker , Andrew Washabaugh , David Grundy , Robert Lyons , Vladimir Zilberstein , Vladimir Tsukernik
IPC分类号： G01R33/12
CPC分类号： G01N27/9013
摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.
摘要翻译：描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料特性的二维图像。基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

5. 发明申请

US20050127908A1 Absolute property measurements using electromagnetic sensors 有权
标题翻译：使用电磁传感器的绝对属性测量
公开(公告)号：US20050127908A1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-16
申请号：US10963482
申请日：2004-10-12
申请人： Darrell Schlicker , Neil Goldfine , David Grundy , Robert Lyons , Vladimir Zilberstein , Andrew Washabaugh , Vladimir Tsukernik , Mark Windoloski , Ian Shay
发明人： Darrell Schlicker , Neil Goldfine , David Grundy , Robert Lyons , Vladimir Zilberstein , Andrew Washabaugh , Vladimir Tsukernik , Mark Windoloski , Ian Shay
IPC分类号： G01N27/02 , G01N27/82
CPC分类号： G01N27/023 , G01N27/9046
摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for absolute electrical property measurement of materials. This is accomplished with magnetic and electric field based sensors and sensor array geometries that can be modeled accurately and with impedance instrumentation that permits accurate measurements of the in-phase and quadrature phase signal components. A dithering calibration method is also described which allows the measurement to account for background material noise variations. Methods are also described for accounting for noise factors in sensor design and selection of the optimal operating conditions which can minimize the error bounds for material property estimates. Example application of these methods to automated engine disk slot inspection and assessment of the mechanical condition of dielectric materials are presented.
摘要翻译：对材料的绝对电气性能测量方法和设备进行了描述。这是通过基于磁场和电场的传感器和传感器阵列几何形状来实现的，其可以被精确地建模并且具有允许精确测量同相和正交相位信号分量的阻抗测量。还描述了抖动校准方法，其允许测量考虑背景材料噪声变化。还描述了用于考虑传感器设计中的噪声因子和选择可以最小化材料性能估计的误差界限的最佳操作条件的方法。介绍了将这些方法应用于自动化引擎盘槽检查和评估介电材料的机械状态。

6. 发明申请

US20050088172A1 Hidden feature characterization using eddy current sensors and arrays 有权
标题翻译：使用涡流传感器和阵列的隐藏特征表征
公开(公告)号：US20050088172A1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-28
申请号：US10934103
申请日：2004-09-03
申请人： Neil Goldfine , Vladimir Zilberstein , Darrell Schlicker , David Grundy , Ian Shay , Robert Lyons , Andrew Washabaugh
发明人： Neil Goldfine , Vladimir Zilberstein , Darrell Schlicker , David Grundy , Ian Shay , Robert Lyons , Andrew Washabaugh
IPC分类号： G01N27/90 , G01N27/72
CPC分类号： G01N27/9046
摘要： Quasistatic sensor responses may be converted into multiple model parameters to characterize hidden properties of a material. Methods of conversion use databases of responses and, in some cases, databases that include derivatives of the responses, to estimate at least three unknown model parameters, such as the electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, dielectric permittivity, thermal conductivity, and/or layer thickness. These parameter responses are then used to obtain a quantitative estimate of a property of a hidden feature, such as corrosion loss layer thicknesses, inclusion size and depth, or stress variation. The sensors can be single element sensors or sensor arrays and impose an interrogation electric, magnetic, or thermal field.
摘要翻译：准静态传感器响应可以转换成多个模型参数来表征材料的隐藏属性。转换方法使用响应数据库，在某些情况下，包括响应的衍生物的数据库，估计至少三个未知模型参数，如电导率，磁导率，介电常数，导热系数和/或层厚度。然后使用这些参数响应来获得隐藏特征的性质的定量估计，例如腐蚀损失层厚度，夹杂物尺寸和深度或应力变化。这些传感器可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列，并且会产生询问电磁场或热场。

7. 发明申请

US20060009865A1 Internal material condition monitoring for control 有权
公开(公告)号：US20060009865A1
公开(公告)日：2006-01-12
申请号：US11079912
申请日：2005-03-14
申请人： Neil Goldfine , Vladimir Zilberstein , Ian Shay , Christopher Craven , David Grundy , Volker Weiss , Andrew Washabaugh
发明人： Neil Goldfine , Vladimir Zilberstein , Ian Shay , Christopher Craven , David Grundy , Volker Weiss , Andrew Washabaugh
IPC分类号： G05B13/02 , G05D23/00
CPC分类号： G01N27/02 , G01N19/00 , G01N25/00 , G01N27/60 , G01N27/72 , G05D23/1931 , G05D23/22 , G05D23/24 , G05D23/26
摘要： The condition of internal or hidden material layers or interfaces is monitored and used for control of a process that changes a condition of a material system. The material system has multiple component materials, such as layers or embedded constituents, or can be represented with multiple layers to model spatial distributions in the material properties. The material condition changes as a result of a process performed on the material, such as by cold working, or from functional operation. Sensors placed proximate to the test material surface or embedded between material layers are used to monitor a material property using magnetic, electric, or thermal interrogation fields. The sensor responses are converted into states of the material condition, such as temperature or residual stress, typically with a precomputed database of sensor responses. The sensor responses can also be used to determine properties of the test material, such as electrical conductivity or magnetic permeability, prior to conversion to the material state. The states are used to support control decisions that control the process or operation causing the material condition to change.

8. 发明申请

US20060082366A1 Surface mounted and scanning spatially periodic eddy-current sensor arrays 有权
标题翻译：表面安装和扫描空间周期性涡流传感器阵列
公开(公告)号：US20060082366A1
公开(公告)日：2006-04-20
申请号：US11071051
申请日：2005-03-02
申请人： Neil Goldfine , Darrell Schlicker , Karen Walrath , Volker Weiss , Andrew Washabaugh , Vladimir Zilberstein
发明人： Neil Goldfine , Darrell Schlicker , Karen Walrath , Volker Weiss , Andrew Washabaugh , Vladimir Zilberstein
IPC分类号： G01N27/82
CPC分类号： G01N27/72 , G01B7/24 , G01B7/34 , G01N27/90 , G01N27/902 , G01R33/12
摘要： Inductive sensors measure the near surface properties of conducting and magnetic material. A sensor may have primary windings with parallel extended winding segments to impose a spatially periodic magnetic field in a test material. Those extended portions may be formed by adjacent portions of individual drive coils. Sensing elements provided every other half wavelength may be connected together in series while the sensing elements in adjacent half wavelengths are spatially offset. Certain sensors include circular segments which create a circularly symmetric magnetic field that is periodic in the radial direction. Such sensors are particularly adapted to surround fasteners to detect cracks and can be mounted beneath a fastener head. In another sensor, sensing windings are offset along the length of parallel winding segments to provide material measurements over different locations when the circuit is scanned over the test material. The distance from the sensing elements to the ends of the primary winding may be kept constant as the offset space in between sensing elements is varied. An image of the material properties can be provided as the sensor is scanned across the material.
摘要翻译：感应传感器测量导电和磁性材料的近表面性质。传感器可以具有平行延伸的绕组段的初级绕组，以在测试材料中施加空间周期的磁场。这些延伸部分可以由各个驱动线圈的相邻部分形成。每隔一半波长提供的感测元件可以串联连接在一起，而相邻半波长中的感测元件在空间上偏移。某些传感器包括产生在径向周期性的圆形对称磁场的圆形段。这种传感器特别适于围绕紧固件以检测裂缝并且可以安装在紧固件头部下方。在另一个传感器中，感测绕组沿着平行绕组段的长度偏移，以便在电路扫描测试材料时，通过不同位置提供材料测量。当感测元件之间的偏移空间变化时，从感测元件到初级绕组的端部的距离可以保持恒定。当传感器跨越材料扫描时，可以提供材料特性的图像。

9. 发明申请

US20050007106A1 Hybrid wound/etched winding constructs for scanning and monitoring 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于扫描和监测的混合伤口/蚀刻绕组结构
公开(公告)号：US20050007106A1
公开(公告)日：2005-01-13
申请号：US10853009
申请日：2004-05-24
申请人： Neil Goldfine , Darrell Schlicker , Andrew Washabaugh , Ian Shay , Mark Windoloski , Christopher Root , Vladimir Zilberstein , David Grundy , Vladimir Tsukernik
发明人： Neil Goldfine , Darrell Schlicker , Andrew Washabaugh , Ian Shay , Mark Windoloski , Christopher Root , Vladimir Zilberstein , David Grundy , Vladimir Tsukernik
IPC分类号： G01N27/82 , G01N27/90 , G01N27/72
CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 , G01N27/82
摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.
摘要翻译：描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。

10. 发明申请

US20070245834A1 Quasistatic magnetic and electric field stress/strain gages 失效
标题翻译：准静态磁场和电场应力/应变计
公开(公告)号：US20070245834A1
公开(公告)日：2007-10-25
申请号：US11702422
申请日：2007-02-05
申请人： Neil Goldfine , Darrell Schlicker , David Grundy , Yonko Sheiretov , Leandro Lorilla , Vladimir Zilberstein , Volker Weiss , J. Lovett , Andrew Washabaugh
发明人： Neil Goldfine , Darrell Schlicker , David Grundy , Yonko Sheiretov , Leandro Lorilla , Vladimir Zilberstein , Volker Weiss , J. Lovett , Andrew Washabaugh
IPC分类号： G01L3/02
CPC分类号： G01L1/125
摘要： Magnetic or electric field sensors are mounted against a material surface and used for stress, strain, and load monitoring of rotating components such as vehicle drive trains. The stationary sensors are mounted at multiple locations around the component and used assess the stress on the component at multiple rotational positions. The sensor response is typically converted into a material property, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, which accounts for any coating thickness that may be present between the sensor and mounting surface. The sensors are not in direct contact with the rotating component and are typically mounted on an annular material or ring that encircles the rotating component. Measurements of the annular material properties, such as the stress, are related to the stress on the rotating component and discrete features on the component. As a particular example, the rotating component is a planetary gear system, with sensors mounted on the ring gear and the discrete features are carrier plate posts. The sensors are preferably mounted at equal distances around the circumference of the component. The sensors and instrumentation may be removable and reusable for monitoring of additional components.
摘要翻译：磁场或电场传感器安装在材料表面上，用于对诸如车辆传动系的旋转部件进行应力，应变和负载监测。固定式传感器安装在组件周围的多个位置，用于评估组件在多个旋转位置的应力。传感器响应通常被转换成诸如磁导率或导电性的材料性质，其考虑了传感器和安装表面之间可能存在的任何涂层厚度。传感器不与旋转部件直接接触，并且通常安装在环绕旋转部件的环形材料或环上。环形材料特性（如应力）的测量与旋转部件上的应力和部件上的离散特征有关。作为具体示例，旋转部件是行星齿轮系统，其中传感器安装在齿圈上，并且分立的特征是承载板柱。传感器优选地围绕部件的圆周以相等的距离安装。传感器和仪器可能是可拆卸的，可重复使用，用于监控附加部件。

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