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1. 发明授权

US5973441A Piezoceramic vibrotactile transducer based on pre-compressed arch 失效
标题翻译：基于预压缩拱的压电振动传感器
公开(公告)号：US5973441A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-26
申请号：US856681
申请日：1997-05-15
申请人： K. Peter Lo , Nicholas V. Nechitailo , Howard J. Moses , Lawrence H. Decker , Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill
发明人： K. Peter Lo , Nicholas V. Nechitailo , Howard J. Moses , Lawrence H. Decker , Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill
IPC分类号： H01L41/09 , H01L41/08
CPC分类号： H01L41/098
摘要： The vibration and electrical characterization of a piezoelectric tactor actuator is described. The actuator is a rectangular laminated flat plate with two opposite sides simply supported and two others free. Under an axial compression from the supports, the plate deforms into a stressed shallow shell. Electrical high frequency harmonic signals within relatively low-frequency bursts are applied to the piezoelectric layers. Depending on the axial compression and pre-deflection, frequency and magnitude of electrical input, the tunable actuator exhibits frequency/mode-controlled high-force over large area vibrations with intense displacement jumps. A single-degree-of-freedom model and simplified 1-D models are provided. The tactor provides efficient conversion of electrical energy into mechanical.
摘要翻译：描述了压电反应器致动器的振动和电特性。执行器是一个矩形层压平板，两个相对的侧面简单地支撑，另外两个是自由的。在从支撑件的轴向压缩下，板变形成受应力的浅壳。相对低频脉冲串中的电高频谐波信号被施加到压电层。根据轴向压缩和预偏转，电气输入的频率和幅度，可调谐致动器在大面积振动下具有频率/模式控制的强力，具有强烈的位移跳跃。提供单自由度模型和简化的1维模型。电抗器提供有效的电能转换成机械。

2. 发明授权

US5757013A Fluorescence decay measurement by calculation of inner product 失效
标题翻译：通过计算内部产物进行荧光衰减测量
公开(公告)号：US5757013A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-26
申请号：US568382
申请日：1995-12-06
申请人： Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill , K. Peter Lo , Shufang Luo
发明人： Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill , K. Peter Lo , Shufang Luo
IPC分类号： G01N21/64 , F21V9/16
CPC分类号： G01N21/6408
摘要： An apparatus and its accompanying method measures fluorescence decay, fluorescence amplitude and fluorescence polarization. The instrument includes a light emitting diode or laser diode light source, an amplified photodiode detector, and electronics and software for calculating the phase of the fluorescence from the computed inner product of the scattering and fluorescence signals. The electronics for measuring fluorescence decay includes two signal synthesizers, two downconverters, a simultaneously sampling analog-to-digital converter and means for calculating the inner product of the downconverted waveforms. A signal source, preferably a direct digital synthesizer, is used in combination with a digital-to-analog converter to provide a controllable output signal. That signal drives a modulatable light source, which is a light emitting diode, a laser diode or a combination of the two. Excitation light from the light source excites the sample fluorophore which is immobilized in a solid material. Fluorescence is detected using an amplified photodiode. The received signal is downconverted using a pair of mixers. The downconverted signals are digitized and stored. Preferably, the signals are digitized using a two-channel synchronous analog-to-digital converter controlled by a digital signal processor. Data from each channel are multiplied and summed to provide the inner product.
摘要翻译：一种仪器及其附带的方法测量荧光衰减，荧光振幅和荧光偏振。该仪器包括发光二极管或激光二极管光源，放大光电二极管检测器，以及用于从计算的散射和荧光信号内积计算荧光相位的电子和软件。用于测量荧光衰减的电子器件包括两个信号合成器，两个下变频器，同时采样模数转换器和用于计算下变换波形内积的装置。信号源（优选直接数字合成器）与数模转换器组合使用以提供可控输出信号。该信号驱动可调光源，其是发光二极管，激光二极管或两者的组合。来自光源的激发光激发固定在固体材料中的样品荧光团。使用放大的光电二极管检测荧光。接收的信号使用一对混频器进行下变频。下变频信号被数字化并存储。优选地，使用由数字信号处理器控制的双通道同步模数转换器将信号数字化。来自每个通道的数据相乘并相加以提供内部产品。

3. 发明授权

US06521185B1 Fluorescent probes based on the affinity of a polymer matrix for an analyte of interest 失效
标题翻译：基于聚合物基质对感兴趣分析物的亲和力的荧光探针
公开(公告)号：US06521185B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-18
申请号：US08553773
申请日：1995-10-23
申请人： Howard P. Groger , Shufang Luo , K. Peter Lo , Martin Weiss , James M. Sloan , Russell J. Churchill
发明人： Howard P. Groger , Shufang Luo , K. Peter Lo , Martin Weiss , James M. Sloan , Russell J. Churchill
IPC分类号： G01N2164
CPC分类号： G01N21/6428 , G01N21/648 , G01N2021/6439 , G01N2021/6482
摘要： A highly-sensitive, rapid response fluorescent probe is based on the affinity of a polymer matrix for an analyte of interest. The probe includes a polymer matrix and a dye immobilized in the matrix. The polymer matrix has an affinity for an analyte of interest and the dye has little or no sensitivity to the analyte of interest when excited by an excitation source in a free state but has significant sensitivity to the analyte of interest when excited by the excitation source when immobilized in the matrix. Sensors incorporating the polymer/fluorophore probes of the present invention have the sensitivity and rapid response needed for detection of chemical agent and biological materials. Sensors using the probes provide sensitivity to Sarin at several hundred parts per trillion in one second or less. That is a notable advance over state-of-the-art detectors that require preconcentration steps, which in turn restrict response times to one minute or more. A wide-range of near-infrared excitable fluorophores are used as sensitive probes for analytes not detectable when the fluorophores are outside the polymer matrix. The present sensors provide early warning of the presence of toxic chemicals, provides for on-line analysis of trace materials in chemical and biological processing operations and biomedical processing operations, and provides for effective biomedical and environmental monitoring.
摘要翻译：高灵敏度，快速响应的荧光探针是基于聚合物基质对感兴趣的分析物的亲和力。探针包括聚合物基质和固定在基质中的染料。聚合物基质对感兴趣的分析物具有亲和力，并且当激发源在自由状态下激发时，染料对感兴趣的分析物几乎没有或没有敏感性，但当被激发源激发时对染料分析物具有显着的敏感性，固定在基质中。结合本发明的聚合物/荧光团探针的传感器具有检测化学试剂和生物材料所需的灵敏度和快速反应。使用探针的传感器可以在一秒或更短的时间内以每万亿次几百份的比例提供对Sarin的敏感性。这是一个显着的进步，超过最先进的检测器，需要预浓缩步骤，从而将响应时间限制在一分钟以上。当荧光团在聚合物基质外部时，广泛的近红外可激发荧光团被用作不可检测的分析物的敏感探针。本传感器提供有毒化学物质的早期预警，提供化学和生物加工操作和生物医学加工操作中痕量物质的在线分析，并提供有效的生物医学和环境监测。

4. 发明授权

US06277651B1 Diode laser electrochemical sensor for detecting chemical and biological analytes 失效
标题翻译：用于检测化学和生物分析物的二极管激光电化学传感器
公开(公告)号：US06277651B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：US09111735
申请日：1998-07-09
申请人： Howard P. Groger , Myron T. Coolbaugh , K. Peter Lo , Russell J. Churchill
发明人： Howard P. Groger , Myron T. Coolbaugh , K. Peter Lo , Russell J. Churchill
IPC分类号： G01N33543
CPC分类号： G01N21/39
摘要： The present sensor allows the user of any diode laser structure to be employed to provide sensitive chemical and biological detector. A diode laser electrochemical sensor is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,591,407 “Laser Diode Sensor”. The present invention surpasses the capabilities of those sensors by measuring changes in the output power, output spectral characteristics or output signal auto-correlation function to detect the presence of chemical or biological films within the sensitive region.
摘要翻译：本传感器允许任何二极管激光器结构的用户提供敏感的化学和生物检测器。美国专利中描述了二极管激光电化学传感器。 “5,511,407号”激光二极管传感器“。本发明通过测量输出功率，输出光谱特性或输出信号自相关函数的变化来检测敏感区域内的化学或生物膜的存在，超过了这些传感器的能力。

5. 发明授权

US06207961B1 Loss compensation using digital-signal processing in fiber-optic fluorescence sensors 失效
标题翻译：在光纤荧光传感器中使用数字信号处理的损耗补偿
公开(公告)号：US06207961B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US08950746
申请日：1997-10-15
申请人： K. Peter Lo , Howard P. Groger , Shufang Luo , Russell J. Churchill
发明人： K. Peter Lo , Howard P. Groger , Shufang Luo , Russell J. Churchill
IPC分类号： G01N2164
CPC分类号： G01N21/7703 , G01N21/6428 , G01N2021/6432 , G01N2021/7786
摘要： An optical fiber fluorescence sensor system capable of compensating fiber bending loss is provided. The system uses a modulated light-emitting diode and digital-signal processing chips to enhance the measurement of fluorescence signals. A fiber-optic oxygen sensor system suitable for measuring oxygen levels in gas and in aqueous media is provided. The system alleviates fiber bending loss. Detection of the signal-to-noise ratio of the system which exceeds 30 dB is done by using inexpensive components.
摘要翻译：提供了能够补偿纤维弯曲损耗的光纤荧光传感器系统。该系统使用调制发光二极管和数字信号处理芯片来增强荧光信号的测量。提供了一种适用于测量气体和水介质中氧含量的光纤氧传感器系统。该系统减轻了纤维弯曲损耗。通过使用便宜的组件来检测超过30dB的系统的信噪比。

6. 发明授权

US06051437A Optical chemical sensor based on multilayer self-assembled thin film sensors for aquaculture process control 失效
标题翻译：基于用于水产养殖过程控制的多层自组装薄膜传感器的光学化学传感器
公开(公告)号：US06051437A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-18
申请号：US71775
申请日：1998-05-04
申请人： Shufang Luo , K. Peter Lo , Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill
发明人： Shufang Luo , K. Peter Lo , Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill
IPC分类号： G01N21/77 , G01N21/78 , G01N21/64
CPC分类号： G01N21/648 , B82Y15/00 , B82Y30/00 , G01N21/7703 , G01N21/78
摘要： Optical chemical probes have layers of anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes and one or more dyes incorporated into these layers. The probes are placed into the medium and the dye or dyes react in the presence of the corresponding chemical. Color changes may be observed manually or by a photo detector. A light source may be employed to increase the optical signal received from the probe. Further, a waveguide may be used to trap multiple optical signals. The invention is used for chemical analysis.
摘要翻译：光学化学探针具有阴离子和阳离子聚电解质层和结合到这些层中的一种或多种染料。将探针置于培养基中，染料或染料在相应的化学物质存在下反应。可以手动或通过光电检测器观察到颜色变化。可以使用光源来增加从探针接收的光信号。此外，波导可以用于捕获多个光信号。本发明用于化学分析。

7. 发明授权

US5766956A Diode laser-based chemical and biological sensor 失效
标题翻译：二极管激光化学和生物传感器
公开(公告)号：US5766956A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-16
申请号：US862929
申请日：1997-05-27
申请人： Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill , Shu-Fang Luo , K. Peter Lo
发明人： Howard P. Groger , Russell J. Churchill , Shu-Fang Luo , K. Peter Lo
IPC分类号： G01N21/39 , G01N21/77 , G01N21/63
CPC分类号： G01N21/7746 , G01N2021/391 , G01N2201/0612
摘要： A-compact, diode laser-based sensor has applications in biological and chemical analysis. Unlike existing optical waveguide-based sensors, no external coupling to external optical fibers or waveguides is required to perform optical chemical, immunological or nucleic acid-based assay or to detect the presence of toxic or otherwise important chemicals. The sensor includes a surface-sensitive diode laser having a substrate layer, an n-contact layer positioned on a bottom surface of the substrate, an n-clad layer overlying the top surface of the substrate, a first guide layer overlying the n-clad layer, a quantum well layer overlying the first guide layer, a second guide layer overlying the first quantum well layer, a p-clad layer overlying the second guided layer and a p-doped cap layer overlying the p-clad layer. A pair of electrodes separated by a surface-sensitive region is positioned on the cap layer. The surface active region includes an oxide layer grown on the thick cap layer and an absorbing or non-absorbing film deposited on the oxide layer. For internal reflection, inorganic material coatings are applied to end facets or Bragg reflectors are etched in the cap layer. Detectors are positioned proximate the diode laser for detecting changes in film thickness or refractive index, absorption or other optical properties resulting from film deposition, surface reactions such as immunological or ion-exchange reactions, or other detectable processes.
摘要翻译： A型紧凑型二极管激光传感器在生物和化学分析中有应用。与现有的基于光波导的传感器不同，不需要外部耦合到外部光纤或波导进行光学化学，免疫学或基于核酸的测定或检测有毒或其他重要化学物质的存在。该传感器包括具有衬底层，位于衬底底表面上的n接触层，覆盖在衬底顶表面上的n覆盖层的表面敏感二极管激光器，覆盖n覆层的第一引导层层，覆盖第一引导层的量子阱层，覆盖第一量子阱层的第二引导层，覆盖第二引导层的p覆盖层和覆盖p覆盖层的p掺杂覆盖层。由表面敏感区域隔开的一对电极位于盖层上。表面活性区域包括在厚盖层上生长的氧化物层和沉积在氧化物层上的吸收或非吸收膜。对于内反射，将无机材料涂层施加到端面，或者在盖层中蚀刻布拉格反射器。检测器位于二极管激光器附近，用于检测由膜沉积，表面反应如免疫或离子交换反应或其它可检测过程引起的膜厚度或折射率，吸收或其他光学性能的变化。

8. 发明授权

US06300638B1 Modular probe for total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy 失效
标题翻译：全内反射荧光光谱的模块式探针
公开(公告)号：US06300638B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-09
申请号：US09189841
申请日：1998-11-12
申请人： Howard P. Groger , John Raymonda , K. Peter Lo , Roger L. Reynolds , William F. Sullivan , Myron T. Coolbaugh
发明人： Howard P. Groger , John Raymonda , K. Peter Lo , Roger L. Reynolds , William F. Sullivan , Myron T. Coolbaugh
IPC分类号： G01N2164
CPC分类号： G01N21/648 , G01N21/552 , G01N21/7703
摘要： An instrument for total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy having modular probe that inexpensively monitors vapors and liquid-phase analytes under field conditions is described. The system is particularly helpful in evaluating multiple analytes using the fluorescence of a material immobilized in a thin sorbent polymer coating. At the same time, the system is capable of monitoring trace quantities of analyte using a fluorescence-read immunological reaction. The device includes a diode laser source, a shaped optical element (which may be as simple as a microscope slide), and one or more amplified photodiode detectors. The shaped optical element propagates light from the diode laser in a series of internally reflective bounces.
摘要翻译：描述了一种用于全内反射荧光光谱仪的仪器，其具有在现场条件下廉价监测蒸气和液相分析物的模块式探针。该系统特别有助于使用固定在薄吸附剂聚合物涂层中的材料的荧光来评估多种分析物。同时，该系统能够使用荧光读取免疫反应监测痕量的分析物。该器件包括二极管激光源，成形光学元件（其可以与显微镜载片一样简单）和一个或多个放大的光电二极管检测器。成形的光学元件将来自二极管激光器的光以一系列反射反射的方式传播。

9. 发明授权

US5745231A Method of fluorescence analysis comprising evanescent wave excitation and out-of-plane photodetection 失效
标题翻译：荧光分析方法包括瞬逝波激发和平面外光检测
公开(公告)号：US5745231A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-28
申请号：US489436
申请日：1995-06-12
申请人： Howard P. Groger , K. Peter Lo , Martin Weiss
发明人： Howard P. Groger , K. Peter Lo , Martin Weiss
IPC分类号： G01N21/55 , G01N21/64 , G01N21/77 , G01N21/41 , G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/648 , G01N21/6428 , G01N21/7703 , G01N2021/7786 , G01N2021/7789
摘要： Fluorescence measuring methods and apparatus use planar optical waveguides to excite fluorescence in the evanescent field of the waveguides and photodetectors to sense the fluorescence produced. Chemically sensitive fluorophores are bound to the evanescent regions of the planar optical waveguides. Substrates support the waveguides. Photodetectors, positioned in the substrates with fields of view normal to the waveguides, detect the fluorescence. Wavelength-selective material coating surfaces of the photodetectors allow fluorescence to be detected while restricting entry of light at the excitation wavelengths. The photodetectors have high aspect ratios for detection of fluorescence generated by the optical waveguides. Preferably, the photodetectors are closely coupled to the fluorescence generated in the evanescent field of the waveguide. In alternative embodiments, lightguides near the waveguides direct fluorescence from the plane of the waveguides for transmission by integrated optical fibers to remote sensors. For chemical detection and analysis, energy is introduced to an edge of the waveguide. The edges are coated to reflect the energizing energy throughout the waveguide. The energy excites the chemically sensitive fluorophore film positioned on the waveguide. Inexpensive photodetectors without expensive photo-multipliers are mounted in substrates beneath the waveguides or at ends of lightguides extending from the substrates for detecting fluorescence.
摘要翻译：荧光测量方法和装置使用平面光波导来激发波导和光电检测器的消逝场中的荧光以感测产生的荧光。化学敏感的荧光团与平面光波导的ev逝区结合。基板支撑波导。光检测器位于与波导垂直的视场的基板中，检测荧光。光电检测器的波长选择性材料涂层表面允许检测荧光，同时限制光在激发波长处的入射。光电检测器具有高的纵横比，用于检测由光波导产生的荧光。优选地，光电检测器紧密耦合到在波导的消逝场中产生的荧光。在替代实施例中，波导附近的光导从波导的平面引导荧光，用于通过集成的光纤传输到远程传感器。对于化学检测和分析，能量被引入到波导的边缘。涂覆边缘以在整个波导中反射能量能量。能量激发位于波导上的化学敏感的荧光团膜。没有昂贵的光电倍增器的廉价的光电探测器被安装在波导管的底部或从底板延伸的光导的端部处的基板中，用于检测荧光。

10. 发明授权

US08285146B2 Optical rotary joints, methods of mounting same in a properly-aligned manner, and optical reflector assemblies for use therein 失效
标题翻译：光学旋转接头，以正确对准的方式安装它们的方法以及用于其中的光学反射器组件
公开(公告)号：US08285146B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-09
申请号：US11658434
申请日：2006-04-28
申请人： K. Peter Lo , Norris E. Lewis , Heath E. Kouns , Martin J. Oosterhuis
发明人： K. Peter Lo , Norris E. Lewis , Heath E. Kouns , Martin J. Oosterhuis
IPC分类号： H04B10/00
CPC分类号： G02B7/24 , G02B5/10 , G02B6/3604 , Y10T29/49004 , Y10T29/49764 , Y10T29/49769 , Y10T29/49778 , Y10T29/4978
摘要： The present invention relates generally to optical rotary joints (35) for enabling optical communication between a rotor and a stator, improved methods of mounting such optical rotary joints on supporting structures such that the rotor and stator remain properly aligned, and to improved optical reflector assemblies for use in such optical rotary joints. The improved optical rotary joint enables optical communication between a rotor and a stator, said rotor having a longitudinal axis, and comprises: at least one optical source (36) mounted on one of said rotor and stator for transmitting an optical signal in a radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis; at least one first reflector (38) mounted on the other of said rotor and stator for reflecting the optical signal transmitted from the source, said first reflector comprising a concave first reflective surface (44), a line (L) in a plane taken through said first reflective surface being configured as a portion of an ellipse having first and second focal points (F1, F2), the first focal point being positioned substantially coincident with said rotor axis; a second reflector (39) having a second reflective surface (45) configured as a portion of a cone and positioned at the second focal point of the elliptical surface for receiving light reflected from said first reflective surface and for reflecting light in a different direction as a function of the apex angle of the second reflective surface; and a receiver (40) arranged to receive light reflected by the second reflective surface.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及用于实现转子和定子之间的光学连通的光学旋转接头（35），改进的方法将这种光学旋转接头安装在支撑结构上，使得转子和定子保持正确对准，以及改进的光学反射器组件用于这种光学旋转接头。改进的光学旋转接头使得转子和定子之间能够进行光学连通，所述转子具有纵向轴线，并且包括：安装在所述转子和定子之一上的至少一个光源（36），用于沿径向方向传输光学信号相对于纵向轴线; 安装在所述转子和定子的另一个上的至少一个第一反射器（38），用于反射从所述源发射的光信号，所述第一反射器包括凹入的第一反射表面（44），在穿过的平面中的线（L）所述第一反射面被构造为具有第一和第二焦点（F1，F2）的椭圆的一部分，所述第一焦点被定位成与所述转子轴线基本重合; 第二反射器（39），具有被配置为锥体的一部分并位于所述椭圆表面的第二焦点处的第二反射表面（45），用于接收从所述第一反射表面反射的光并将光沿不同方向反射为第二反射面的顶角的函数; 以及接收器（40），布置成接收由第二反射表面反射的光。

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