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    • 4. 发明授权
    • Aqueous microemulsions comprising alkoxylated alcohol nonionic
surfactant in substainially water-insoluble solvent and oil
    • 水性微乳液,其包含在不规则的水不溶性溶剂和油中的烷氧基化醇非离子表面活性剂
    • US5736500A
    • 1998-04-07
    • US413069
    • 1995-03-29
    • Donald Michael FarnworthAlexander Martin
    • Donald Michael FarnworthAlexander Martin
    • C11D1/66C11D1/02C11D1/72C11D1/83C11D3/18C11D3/20C11D3/43C11D17/00C11D17/08C11D3/44
    • C11D3/43C11D1/72C11D1/83C11D17/0021C11D1/02
    • Improved microemulsions having a lower level of solvent, a lower level of oil, a more robust formulation and/or exhibiting equivalent if not better performance on fatty soils can be obtained by simultaneous selection of specific surfactants, specific oils and specific solvents. When all three of these components are selected in the manner described herein, a synergistic benefit is attained. The present invention provides a liquid, aqueous cleaning composition in the form of a stable emulsion having a dispersed phase diameter of 10-100 nanometres comprising: a) at least 30 wt % water, b) at least l wt % but not more than 40 wt % of a surfactant system comprising at least one alkoxylated alcohol nonionic surfactant and not more than 10 wt % on alkoxylated alcohol nonionic surfactant of anionic surfactant, c) at least 2 wt % but not more than 20 wt % of a solvent having a solubility of less than 12% w/w in water, and, d) at least 0.2 wt % but less than 10 wt % of a substantially water-insoluble oil which is a solvent for fats.
    • 通过同时选择特定的表面活性剂,特定油和特定溶剂,可以获得具有较低水平的溶剂,较低水平的油,更稳定的制剂和/或在脂肪土壤上显示相当的(如果不是更好的性能)的改进的微乳液。 当以本文所述的方式选择这三种组分时,可获得协同效益。 本发明提供了具有10-100纳米分散相直径的稳定乳液形式的液体水性清洁组合物,其包含:a)至少30重量%的水,b)至少1重量%但不超过40重量% wt%的包含至少一种烷氧基化醇非离子表面活性剂和不大于10重量%的阴离子表面活性剂的烷氧基化醇非离子表面活性剂的表面活性剂体系,c)至少2重量%但不大于20重量%的具有溶解度的溶剂 在水中小于12%w / w,以及​​d)作为脂肪溶剂的基本上不溶于水的油的至少0.2wt%但小于10wt%。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Gas-sensitive semiconductor device
    • 气敏半导体器件
    • US08513711B2
    • 2013-08-20
    • US12924284
    • 2010-09-23
    • Denis KunzMarkus WidenmeyerAlexander Martin
    • Denis KunzMarkus WidenmeyerAlexander Martin
    • H01L21/00
    • G01N27/4141
    • A gas-sensitive semiconductor device having a semiconductive channel (10) which is delimited by a first (12) and a second (14) channel electrode, and having a gate electrode (16) which is associated with the channel and which cooperates with the channel in such a way that a change in conductivity of the channel (10) occurs as a response to an action of a gas. The gate electrode (16) and/or a gate insulation layer (20) which insulates the gate electrode from the channel, and/or a gate stack layer (18) which may be provided between the gate electrode and the channel have/has two surface sections (22, 24) which differ in their sensitivity to gases.
    • 一种气体敏感半导体器件,具有由第一(12)和第二(14)沟道电极限定的半导体沟道(10),并且具有与沟道相关联的栅电极(16) 通道以使得通道(10)的电导率的变化作为对气体作用的响应而发生。 栅极电极(16)和/或使栅电极与沟道绝缘的栅极绝缘层(20)和/或可设置在栅电极和沟道之间的栅叠层(18)具有两个 表面部分(22,24),其对气体的敏感性不同。
    • 7. 发明申请
    • APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING SUBSTANCES
    • 用于检测物质的装置和方法
    • US20110132773A1
    • 2011-06-09
    • US12452673
    • 2008-07-03
    • Dirk LiemersdorfRichard FixOliver WolstAlexander MartinMartin Le-Huu
    • Dirk LiemersdorfRichard FixOliver WolstAlexander MartinMartin Le-Huu
    • G01N27/414H01L29/772
    • G01N27/4148
    • An apparatus for detecting at least one substance present in a fluid flow includes at least one field effect transistor which acts as a measuring sensor, and at least one field effect transistor which acts as a reference element, the field effect transistors each having at least one source electrode, one drain electrode, and one gate electrode. The gate electrode of the field effect transistor which acts as the measuring sensor is sensitive to the at least one substance to be detected, and the gate electrode of the field effect transistor which acts as the reference element is essentially insensitive to the at least one substance to be detected. The source electrode of one of the field effect transistors and the drain electrode of the other of the field effect transistors are connected to one another and to a signal line. A method for detecting at least one substance present in a fluid flow by using the apparatus is also described, a potential of 0 volt being applied to the signal line and the current flowing on the signal line being measured.
    • 用于检测存在于流体流中的至少一种物质的装置包括至少一个用作测量传感器的场效应晶体管和至少一个作为参考元件的场效应晶体管,每个场效应晶体管具有至少一个 源电极,一个漏电极和一个栅电极。 用作测量传感器的场效应晶体管的栅电极对待检测的至少一种物质敏感,作为参考元件的场效应晶体管的栅电极对至少一种物质基本上不敏感 被检测。 场效应晶体管中的一个的源电极和另一个场效应晶体管的漏电极彼此连接并连接到信号线。 还描述了通过使用该装置来检测存在于流体流中的至少一种物质的方法,将对信号线施加0伏的电位,并测量在信号线上流动的电流。
    • 10. 发明申请
    • RISK ASSESSMENT FOR RELIEF PRESSURE SYSTEM
    • 风险评估用于减压系统
    • US20060009882A9
    • 2006-01-12
    • US10745658
    • 2003-12-29
    • Patrick BerwangerRobert KrederAlexander Martin
    • Patrick BerwangerRobert KrederAlexander Martin
    • G06F19/00
    • F16K37/0091
    • Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) can be applied to provide a more realistic assessment of the risk associated with vessel accumulation due to common mode scenarios. The QRA process takes the results of a traditional flare study and QRA inputs such as the frequencies of the common mode scenarios and the layers of protection that will tend to reduce the severity of the common mode scenario, and generates an system risk profile, such as an accumulation versus frequency relationship for each vessel discharging to the relief header. This relationship provides an estimate of the overall risk associated with the relief header system. The QRA program makes the above analysis process possible by automating the generation, execution, and interpretation of the many possible permutations that are required to characterize the system.
    • 定量风险分析(QRA)可以应用于提供一个更为现实的评估与普通模式情景相关的血管积累风险。 QRA过程采用传统的flare研究和QRA输入的结果,例如共同模式场景和保护层的频率将趋于降低共模情景的严重性,并产生系统风险特征,如 每个容器排放到救生头的累积与频率关系。 这种关系提供了与救济头系统相关的整体风险的估计。 QRA程序通过自动化生成,执行和解释表征系统所需的许多可能的排列来使上述分析过程成为可能。