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1. 发明授权

US07211605B2 Super-hydrophobic fluorine containing aerogels 失效
标题翻译：超疏水氟气凝胶
公开(公告)号：US07211605B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-01
申请号：US10794847
申请日：2004-03-04
申请人： Paul R. Coronado , John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh
发明人： Paul R. Coronado , John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh
IPC分类号： C08J3/02 , C03C3/00 , B01J13/00
CPC分类号： C09C1/3081 , B01J13/0091 , C01B33/159 , C01P2006/10 , C01P2006/12 , C08J2205/026 , Y10T428/2995
摘要： An aerogel material with surfaces containing fluorine atoms which exhibits exceptional hydrophobicity, or the ability to repel liquid water. Hydrophobic aerogels are efficient absorbers of solvents from water. Solvents miscible with water are separated from it because the solvents are more volatile than water and they enter the porous aerogel as a vapor across the liquid water/solid interface. Solvents that are immisicble with water are separated from it by selectively wetting the aerogel. The hydrophobic property is achieved by formulating the aerogel using fluorine containing molecules either directly by addition in the sol-gel process, or by treating a standard dried aerogel using the vapor of fluorine containing molecules.
摘要翻译：具有表现出优异疏水性的氟原子表面的气凝胶材料，或排斥液态水的能力。疏水性气凝胶是水中有效的溶剂吸收剂。与水混溶的溶剂与其分离，因为溶剂比水更易挥发，并且它们作为蒸汽进入多孔气凝胶，穿过液态水/固体界面。与水不溶的溶剂通过选择性润湿气凝胶与其分离。通过使用含氟分子直接通过在溶胶 - 凝胶法中添加来配制气凝胶，或通过使用含氟分子的蒸气处理标准干燥气凝胶来实现疏水性。

2. 发明授权

US5275796A Method for producing metal oxide aerogels having densities less than 0.02 g/cc 失效
标题翻译：密度小于0.02g / cc的金属氧化物气凝胶的制造方法
公开(公告)号：US5275796A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-04
申请号：US754349
申请日：1991-09-05
申请人： Thomas M. Tillotson , John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh , Ian M. Thomas
发明人： Thomas M. Tillotson , John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh , Ian M. Thomas
IPC分类号： B01J13/00 , C01B33/158 , C03C1/00 , C01B33/12 , B01J21/00
CPC分类号： B01J13/0091 , C01B33/1585 , C03C1/006 , Y02P20/544
摘要： A two-step method is described for making transparent aerogels which have a density of less than 0.003 g/cm.sup.3 to those with a density of more than 0.8 g/cm.sup.3, by a sol/gel process and supercritical extraction. Condensed metal oxide intermediate made with purified reagents can be diluted to produce stable aerogels with a density of less than 0.02 g/cm.sup.3. High temperature, direct supercritical extraction of the liquid phase of the gel produces hydrophobic aerogels which are stable at atmospheric moisture conditions. Monolithic, homogeneous silica aerogels with a density of less than 0.02 to higher than 0.8 g/cm.sup.3, with high thermal insulation capacity, improved mechanical strength and good optical transparency, are described.
摘要翻译：描述了通过溶胶/凝胶法和超临界萃取法制备密度小于0.003g / cm 3的透明气凝胶至密度大于0.8g / cm 3的透明气凝胶的两步法。用纯化试剂制成的冷凝金属氧化物中间体可以稀释，以产生密度小于0.02g / cm3的稳定气凝胶。高温，直接超临界萃取凝胶的液相产生在大气湿度条件下稳定的疏水性气凝胶。描述了具有小于0.02至高于0.8g / cm 3的密度的均匀二氧化硅气凝胶，具有高绝热能力，改进的机械强度和良好的光学透明性。

3. 发明授权

US06168737A Method of casting patterned dielectric structures 失效
标题翻译：铸造图案电介质结构的方法
公开(公告)号：US06168737A
公开(公告)日：2001-01-02
申请号：US09028040
申请日：1998-02-23
申请人： John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh
发明人： John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh
IPC分类号： B29C3902
CPC分类号： H01J9/242 , B29C33/0022 , B29C33/3857 , B29C37/006 , B29C39/10 , H01J2329/00 , H01J2329/864
摘要： A pattern of dielectric structures are formed directly on a substrate in a single step using sol-gel chemistry and molding procedures. The resulting dielectric structures are useful in vacuum applications for electronic devices. Porous, lightweight structures having a high aspect ratio that are suitable for use as spacers between the faceplate and baseplate of a field emission display can be manufactured using this method.
摘要翻译：使用溶胶 - 凝胶化学和成型步骤，在单个步骤中直接在基底上形成介电结构图案。所得到的电介质结构在电子器件的真空应用中是有用的。可以使用这种方法来制造适用于场致发射显示器的面板和基板之间的间隔物的高纵横比的多孔轻质结构。

4. 发明授权

US5409683A Method for producing metal oxide aerogels 失效
标题翻译：生产金属氧化物气凝胶的方法
公开(公告)号：US5409683A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-25
申请号：US272432
申请日：1994-07-07
申请人： Thomas M. Tillotson , John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh , Ian M. Thomas
发明人： Thomas M. Tillotson , John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh , Ian M. Thomas
IPC分类号： B01J13/00 , C01B33/158 , C03C1/00 , C01B33/12
CPC分类号： B01J13/0091 , C01B33/1585 , C03C1/006
摘要： A two-step hydrolysis-condensation method was developed to form metal oxide aerogels of any density, including densities of less than 0.003g/cm.sup.3 and greater than 0.27g/cm.sup.3. High purity metal alkoxide is reacted with water, alcohol solvent, and an additive to form a partially condensed metal intermediate. All solvent and reaction-generated alcohol is removed, and the intermediate is diluted with a nonalcoholic solvent. The intermediate can be stored for future use to make aerogels of any density. The aerogels are formed by reacting the intermediate with water, nonalcoholic solvent, and a catalyst, and extracting the nonalcoholic solvent directly. The resulting monolithic aerogels are hydrophobic and stable under atmospheric conditions, and exhibit good optical transparency, high clarity, and homogeneity. The aerogels have high thermal insulation capacity, high porosity, mechanical strength and stability, and require shorter gelation times than aerogels formed by conventional methods.
摘要翻译：开发了两步水解缩合法，以形成任何密度的金属氧化物气凝胶，其密度小于0.003g / cm3，大于0.27g / cm3。高纯度金属醇盐与水，醇溶剂和添加剂反应形成部分缩合的金属中间体。除去所有溶剂和反应生成的醇，并用非酒精溶剂稀释中间体。中间体可以储存以供将来使用以制备任何密度的气凝胶。气凝胶通过中间体与水，非醇溶剂和催化剂反应形成，并直接萃取非酒精溶剂。所得到的整体气凝胶在大气条件下是疏水性和稳定的，并且表现出良好的光学透明度，高透明度和均匀性。气凝胶具有高绝热能力，高孔隙率，机械强度和稳定性，并且比通过常规方法形成的气凝胶需要更短的凝胶化时间。

5. 发明授权

US5686031A Method for rapidly producing microporous and mesoporous materials 失效
标题翻译：快速生产微孔和介孔材料的方法
公开(公告)号：US5686031A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-11
申请号：US368823
申请日：1995-01-05
申请人： Paul R. Coronado , John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh , Robert W. Hopper
发明人： Paul R. Coronado , John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh , Robert W. Hopper
IPC分类号： C08J9/28 , B01J13/00 , B01J13/02 , B29C67/20 , C01B33/158 , C01B33/16 , C03B19/08 , C03B19/12 , C03C11/00 , C04B38/00 , B29C65/00
CPC分类号： C01B33/1585 , B01J13/00 , B01J13/02 , B29C67/202 , C03B19/08 , C03B19/12 , C03C11/00 , C04B38/0045
摘要： An improved, rapid process is provided for making microporous and mesoporous materials, including aerogels and pre-ceramics. A gel or gel precursor is confined in a sealed vessel to prevent structural expansion of the gel during the heating process. This confinement allows the gelation and drying processes to be greatly accelerated, and significantly reduces the time required to produce a dried aerogel compared to conventional methods. Drying may be performed either by subcritical drying with a pressurized fluid to expel the liquid from the gel pores or by supercritical drying. The rates of heating and decompression are significantly higher than for conventional methods.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的快速方法，用于制造微孔和介孔材料，包括气凝胶和预陶瓷。将凝胶或凝胶前体限制在密封容器中以防止在加热过程中凝胶的结构膨胀。该限制允许凝胶化和干燥过程大大加速，并且与常规方法相比显着减少了生产干燥气凝胶所需的时间。干燥可以通过用加压流体进行亚临界干燥以从凝胶孔排出液体或通过超临界干燥来进行。加热和减压速率明显高于常规方法。

6. 发明授权

US5684907A Aerogel-clad optical fiber 失效
标题翻译：气凝胶光纤
公开(公告)号：US5684907A
公开(公告)日：1997-11-04
申请号：US332285
申请日：1994-10-28
申请人： Gregory A. Sprehn , Lawrence W. Hrubesh , John F. Poco , Pamela H. Sandler
发明人： Gregory A. Sprehn , Lawrence W. Hrubesh , John F. Poco , Pamela H. Sandler
IPC分类号： G02B6/02
CPC分类号： G02B6/02
摘要： An optical fiber is surrounded by an aerogel cladding. For a low density aerogel, the index of refraction of the aerogel is close to that of air, which provides a high numerical aperture to the optical fiber. Due to the high numerical aperture, the aerogel clad optical fiber has improved light collection efficiency.
摘要翻译：光纤被气凝胶包层包围。对于低密度气凝胶，气凝胶的折射率接近空气的折射率，这为光纤提供了高数值孔径。由于数值孔径高，气凝胶光纤具有提高的光收集效率。

7. 发明授权

US06723378B2 Fibers and fabrics with insulating, water-proofing, and flame-resistant properties 失效
公开(公告)号：US06723378B2
公开(公告)日：2004-04-20
申请号：US10002513
申请日：2001-10-25
申请人： Lawrence W. Hrubesh , John F. Poco , Paul R. Coronado
发明人： Lawrence W. Hrubesh , John F. Poco , Paul R. Coronado
IPC分类号： B05D100
CPC分类号： D06M23/10 , D04H1/413 , D04H1/42 , D04H1/4391 , D06M11/45 , D06M11/46 , D06M11/47 , D06M11/73 , D06M11/79 , D06M23/08 , D06M2200/30 , D06M2200/40 , Y10T428/2907 , Y10T428/2913 , Y10T428/2915 , Y10T428/2933 , Y10T428/2938 , Y10T428/2973
摘要： Fibers, and fabrics produced from the fibers, are made water repellent, fire-retardant and/or thermally insulating by filling void spaces in the fibers and/or fabrics with a powdered material. When the powder is sufficiently finely divided, it clings tenaciously to the fabric's fibers and to itself, resisting the tendency to be removed from the fabric.

8. 发明授权

US06620458B2 Method to produce alumina aerogels having porosities greater than 80 percent 有权
标题翻译：生产孔隙率大于80％的氧化铝气凝胶的方法
公开(公告)号：US06620458B2
公开(公告)日：2003-09-16
申请号：US09970251
申请日：2001-09-27
申请人： John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh
发明人： John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh
IPC分类号： B01J1300
CPC分类号： C04B35/6264 , C01F7/448 , C01P2006/10 , C01P2006/14 , C01P2006/32 , C04B35/111 , C04B35/624 , C04B35/62655 , C04B38/0045 , C04B2111/00982 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/441 , C04B2235/5409 , C04B2235/77 , C04B2235/96 , C04B2235/9607 , C04B14/302 , C04B35/10
摘要： A two-step method for producing monolithic alumina aerogels having porosities of greater than 80 percent. Very strong, very low density alumina aerogel monoliths are prepared using the two-step sol-gel process. The method of preparing pure alumina aerogel modifies the prior known sol method by combining the use of substoichiometric water for hydrolysis, the use of acetic acid to control hydrolysis/condensation, and high temperature supercritical drying, all of which contribute to the formation of a polycrystalline aerogel microstructure. This structure provides exceptional mechanical properties of the alumina aerogel, as well as enhanced thermal resistance and high temperature stability.
摘要翻译：一种生产具有大于80％孔隙率的单片氧化铝气凝胶的两步法。使用两步溶胶 - 凝胶法制备非常强的非常低密度的氧化铝气凝胶整料。制备纯氧化铝气凝胶的方法通过结合使用亚化学计量的水进行水解，使用乙酸来控制水解/缩合和高温超临界干燥来改变现有已知的溶胶方法，所有这些都有助于形成多晶气凝胶微观结构。该结构提供了氧化铝气凝胶的卓越机械性能，以及增强的耐热性和高温稳定性。

9. 发明授权

US6158244A Method of producing optical quality glass having a selected refractive index 失效
$Method of producing optical quality glass having a selected refractive index$
标题翻译：制备具有选定折射率的光学品质玻璃的方法
公开(公告)号：US6158244A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-12
申请号：US39450
申请日：1998-03-16
申请人： John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh
发明人： John F. Poco , Lawrence W. Hrubesh
IPC分类号： C03B8/02 , C03B19/12 , C03C1/00 , C03C3/06 , C03C11/00
CPC分类号： C03C1/006 , C03B19/12 , C03C11/00 , C03C3/06 , C03C2201/32 , C03C2201/40 , C03C2201/42 , C03C2203/26
摘要： Optical quality glass having a selected refractive index is produced by a two stage drying process. A gel is produced using sol-gel chemistry techniques and first dried by controlled evaporation until the gel volume reaches a pre-selected value. This pre-selected volume determines the density and refractive index of the finally dried gel. The gel is refilled with solvent in a saturated vapor environment, and then dried again by supercritical extraction of the solvent to form a glass. The glass has a refractive index less than the full density of glass, and the range of achievable refractive indices depends on the composition of the glass. Glasses having different refractive indices chosen from an uninterrupted range of values can be produced from a single precursor solution.
摘要翻译：具有选择的折射率的光学品质的玻璃是通过两阶段干燥方法制造的。使用溶胶 - 凝胶化学技术制备凝胶，并首先通过受控蒸发干燥直到凝胶体积达到预先选择的值。该预选择的体积确定最终干燥的凝胶的密度和折射率。在饱和蒸汽环境中用溶剂重新填充凝胶，然后通过超临界萃取溶剂再次干燥以形成玻璃。玻璃的折射率小于玻璃的全密度，可实现折射率的范围取决于玻璃的组成。可以从单一前体溶液产生具有从不间断值范围选择的折射率不同的玻璃。

10. 发明授权

US6005012A Method for producing hydrophobic aerogels 失效
标题翻译：生产疏水性气凝胶的方法
公开(公告)号：US6005012A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-21
申请号：US182408
申请日：1998-10-29
申请人： Lawrence W. Hrubesh , John F. Poco , Paul R. Coronado
发明人： Lawrence W. Hrubesh , John F. Poco , Paul R. Coronado
IPC分类号： C01B33/159 , C08J9/36
CPC分类号： C01B33/159
摘要： A method for treating a dried monolithic aerogel containing non-dispersed particles, with an organometallic surface modifying agent to produce hydrophobic aerogels. The dried, porous hydrophobic aerogels contain a protective layer of alkyl groups, such as methyl groups, on the modified surfaces of the pores of the aerogel. The alkyl groups at the aerogel surface typically contain at least one carbon-metal bond per group.
摘要翻译：一种用有机金属表面改性剂处理含有非分散颗粒的干燥整体气凝胶以产生疏水性气凝胶的方法。干燥的多孔疏水性气凝胶在气凝胶的孔的改性表面上含有诸如甲基的烷基保护层。气凝胶表面上的烷基通常每组含有至少一个碳 - 金属键。

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