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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Integrated analysis process and device for hydrocarbon characterization by distillation simulation
    • 通过蒸馏模拟的烃表征的综合分析过程和装置
    • US06237396B1
    • 2001-05-29
    • US09468335
    • 1999-12-21
    • Jean-Pierre DurandEric RobertVéronique Ruffier-Meray
    • Jean-Pierre DurandEric RobertVéronique Ruffier-Meray
    • G01N3002
    • G01N30/468G01N2030/8854
    • Integrated analysis process and device for characterization of hydrocarbons in a petroleum product, in distillation fractions, by simulated distillation. The hydrocarbons of a petroleum sample are characterized without fractional distillation by coupling gas chromatography (GC) with liquid chromatography (LC) techniques. GC simulated distillation (SD) is carried out. The separation column is preceded by a precolumn of the same nature but shorter. At the outlet of the main column, retention means (CT, AC) allow to collect and to store one or more light fractions that are sent each to a GC analytical column (6) allowing detailed analysis of the hydrocarbons, and one or more middle fractions. The remaining heavy fraction is collected at the precolumn outlet. The middle and heavy fractions are characterized by a combined LC-GC chromatography unit. Several interfaces allowing GC-GC-LC-GC coupling are described. The process and device can be applied for characterization of reservoir fluids or of refining process effluents for example.
    • 通过模拟蒸馏在蒸馏馏分中表征石油产品中的烃的综合分析过程和装置。 通过气相色谱(GC)与液相色谱(LC)技术的联用,不用分馏来表征石油样品的烃类。 进行GC模拟蒸馏(SD)。 分离柱之前是相同性质但较短的前置柱。 在主塔的出口处,保留装置(CT,AC)允许收集和存储一个或多个轻馏分,每个轻馏分被送到GC分析柱(6),允许对烃的详细分析,以及一个或多个中间 分数。 剩余的重馏分在预柱出口处收集。 中间和重级分的特征是组合的LC-GC色谱单元。 描述了允许GC-GC-LC-GC耦合的几个界面。 该方法和装置可用于例如储层流体或精制工艺流出物的表征。
    • 6. 发明申请
    • Process for the Production of Ge by Reduction of Gecl4 With Liquid Metal
    • 用液态金属还原Gecl4生产Ge的方法
    • US20080311027A1
    • 2008-12-18
    • US11663795
    • 2005-09-16
    • Eric RobertTjakko Zijlema
    • Eric RobertTjakko Zijlema
    • C01G17/04C22B5/00C25C3/00
    • C22B41/00C22B5/04Y02P10/212
    • The invention relates to the manufacture of high purity germanium for the manufacture of e.g. infra red optics, radiation detectors and electronic devices. GeCl4 is converted to Ge metal by contacting gaseous GeCl4 with a liquid metal M containing one of Zn, Na and Mg, thereby obtaining a Ge-bearing alloy and a metal M chloride, which is removed by evaporation or skimming. The Ge-bearing alloy is then purified at a temperature above the boiling point of metal M. This process does not require complicated technologies and preserves the high purity of the GeCl4 in the final Ge metal, as the only reactant is metal M, which can be obtained in very high purity grades and continuously recycled.
    • 本发明涉及用于制造例如高纯度锗的制造方法。 红外光学,辐射探测器和电子设备。 通过使气体GeCl4与含有Zn,Na和Mg中的一种的液态金属M接触,将GeCl 4转化为Ge金属,由此得到含Ge的合金和金属氯化物,通过蒸发或撇去除去。 然后在高于金属M沸点的温度下纯化含Ge合金。该方法不需要复杂的技术,并且保留了GeCl4在最终的Ge金属中的高纯度,因为唯一的反应物是金属M,它可以 可以获得非常高的纯度等级并持续回收。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for determining the immersed surface area of one of
the electrodes of an electro-chemical bath
    • 用于确定电化学浴的一个电极的浸入表面积的方法和装置
    • US4129480A
    • 1978-12-12
    • US862399
    • 1977-12-20
    • Eric Robert
    • Eric Robert
    • G01B7/32G01N27/26C25D21/12
    • G01B7/32
    • The immersed surface area of one of the electrodes in a conventional electro-chemical bath is accurately determined, so that the bath may be operated at an optimium current density, to obtain high quality electro-plating or electro-polishing. The current density is measured as a certain amount of current over the immersed area of the electrode. For any given area, the current density may be varied by varying the current flow.The potential between the bath and the electrode of interest is measured when no current is being conducted through the bath. A short pulse of current is then passed through the bath from one electrode to the other; and immediately thereafter the potential between the bath and the electrode of interest is again measured. These two potentials are then compared, and the potential difference is used to determine the immersed surface area of the electrode of interest according to a mathematical relationship corresponding to such electro-chemical baths. The immersed surface area of the electrode of interest can also be determined by varying the pulse current amplitude and frequency to obtain a certain predetermined difference between the potential values, measured as described above. The pulse current amplitude and frequency are then used to determine the immersed surface area of the particular electrode according to another mathematical relationship corresponding to such electro-chemical baths.
    • 准确地确定常规电化学浴中的一个电极的浸渍表面积,使得可以以最佳电流密度操作浴,以获得高质量的电镀或电抛光。 在电极的浸渍区域上测量电流密度为一定量的电流。 对于任何给定的区域,可以通过改变电流来改变电流密度。