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1. 发明授权

US09290756B2 Apparatus and methods for high throughput network electrophysiology and cellular analysis 有权
标题翻译：用于高通量网络电生理和细胞分析的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US09290756B2
公开(公告)日：2016-03-22
申请号：US12615778
申请日：2009-11-10
申请人： James Ross , Edgar A. Brown , Swaminathan Rajaraman , Mark G. Allen , Bruce Wheeler
发明人： James Ross , Edgar A. Brown , Swaminathan Rajaraman , Mark G. Allen , Bruce Wheeler
IPC分类号： G01N33/487 , C12N13/00 , C12M1/42 , G01N33/483
CPC分类号： C12N13/00 , B32B2535/00 , C12M1/42 , G01N33/4836 , G01N33/48728 , G01N33/48735 , Y10T156/10
摘要： Provided herein are apparatus and methods relating to the development of instrumentation for high throughput network electrophysiology and cellular analysis. More specifically, provided herein are multiwell microelectrode arrays (MEAs) and methods for the development of such an apparatus in an inexpensive fashion with a flexible, ANSI/SBS-compliant (American National Standards Institute/Society for Biomolecular Screening) format. Microelectrode arrays are a grid of tightly spaced microelectrodes useful for stimulating and sensing electrically active cells, networks and tissue. The techniques described herein relate to the use of microfabrication in combination with certain large-area processes that have been employed to achieve multiwell MEAs in ANSI/SBS-compliant culture well formats, which are also transparent for inverted/backside microscopy compatibility. These multiwell MEAs can be used to investigate two and three-dimensional networks of electrically active cells and tissue such as cardiac, neural, and muscular in a high throughput fashion. Also being ANSI/SBS-compliant, they are compatible with machinery and robotics developed for the pharmaceutical industry for drug screening applications.
摘要翻译：本文提供了与开发用于高通量网络电生理学和细胞分析的仪器相关的装置和方法。更具体地，本文提供了多孔微电极阵列（MEA）和用于以便宜的方式开发这种装置的方法，其具有柔性的符合ANSI / SBS（美国国家标准协会/生物分子筛选学会）的格式。微电极阵列是用于刺激和感测电活性细胞，网络和组织的紧密间隔的微电极的网格。本文所述的技术涉及使用微加工与已经用于实现符合ANSI / SBS的培养孔格式的多孔MEA的某些大面积方法的组合，其对于倒置/背面显微镜兼容性也是透明的。这些多孔MEA可用于以高通量方式研究电活性细胞和组织如心脏，神经和肌肉的两维和三维网络。同样符合ANSI / SBS标准，它们与制药行业开发用于药物筛选应用的机械和机器人兼容。

2. 发明申请

US20100120626A1 APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR HIGH THROUGHPUT NETWORK ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY AND CELLULAR ANALYSIS 有权
标题翻译：高通量网络电生理与细胞分析的装置与方法
公开(公告)号：US20100120626A1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-13
申请号：US12615778
申请日：2009-11-10
申请人： James Ross , Edgar A. Brown , Swaminathan Rajaraman , Mark G. Allen , Bruce Wheeler
发明人： James Ross , Edgar A. Brown , Swaminathan Rajaraman , Mark G. Allen , Bruce Wheeler
IPC分类号： C40B30/00 , B32B37/00 , C40B60/12 , C12N13/00
CPC分类号： C12N13/00 , B32B2535/00 , C12M1/42 , G01N33/4836 , G01N33/48728 , G01N33/48735 , Y10T156/10
摘要： Provided herein are apparatus and methods relating to the development of instrumentation for high throughput network electrophysiology and cellular analysis. More specifically, provided herein are multiwell microelectrode arrays (MEAs) and methods for the development of such an apparatus in an inexpensive fashion with a flexible, ANSI/SBS-compliant (American National Standards Institute/Society for Biomolecular Screening) format. Microelectrode arrays are a grid of tightly spaced microelectrodes useful for stimulating and sensing electrically active cells, networks and tissue. The techniques described herein relate to the use of microfabrication in combination with certain large-area processes that have been employed to achieve multiwell MEAs in ANSI/SBS-compliant culture well formats, which are also transparent for inverted/backside microscopy compatibility. These multiwell MEAs can be used to investigate two and three-dimensional networks of electrically active cells and tissue such as cardiac, neural, and muscular in a high throughput fashion. Also being ANSI/SBS-compliant, they are compatible with machinery and robotics developed for the pharmaceutical industry for drug screening applications.
摘要翻译：本文提供了与开发用于高通量网络电生理学和细胞分析的仪器相关的装置和方法。更具体地，本文提供了多孔微电极阵列（MEA）和用于以便宜的方式开发这种装置的方法，其具有柔性的符合ANSI / SBS（美国国家标准学会/生物分子筛选学会）的格式。微电极阵列是用于刺激和感测电活性细胞，网络和组织的紧密间隔的微电极的网格。本文所述的技术涉及使用微加工与已经用于实现符合ANSI / SBS的培养孔格式的多孔MEA的某些大面积方法的组合，其对于倒置/背面显微镜兼容性也是透明的。这些多孔MEA可用于以高通量方式研究电活性细胞和组织如心脏，神经和肌肉的两维和三维网络。同样符合ANSI / SBS标准，它们与制药行业开发用于药物筛选应用的机械和机器人兼容。

3. 发明申请

US20130306356A1 METHOD FOR MAKING ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES 有权
标题翻译：制造电导三维结构的方法
公开(公告)号：US20130306356A1
公开(公告)日：2013-11-21
申请号：US13873961
申请日：2013-04-30
申请人： Mark G. Allen , Seong-O Choi , Jung-Hwan Pauk , Xiaosong Wu , Yanzhu Zhao , Yong-Kyu Yoon , Swaminathan Rajaraman
发明人： Mark G. Allen , Seong-O Choi , Jung-Hwan Pauk , Xiaosong Wu , Yanzhu Zhao , Yong-Kyu Yoon , Swaminathan Rajaraman
IPC分类号： H01B13/00 , H05K1/02
CPC分类号： B32B3/30 , A61B5/685 , A61B2562/125 , A61M37/0015 , A61M2037/0053 , A61N1/327 , C25D1/003 , C25D1/10 , C25D5/022 , H01B13/00 , H05K1/02 , H05K3/20 , H05K3/4007 , H05K2201/0367 , H05K2201/09045 , H05K2201/09118 , H05K2203/0113 , Y10T428/2958 , Y10T428/298
摘要： Methods are provided for fabricating three-dimensional electrically conductive structures. Three-dimensional electrically conductive microstructures are also provided. The method may include providing a mold having at least one microdepression which defines a three-dimensional structure; filling the microdepression of the mold with at least one substrate material; molding the at least one substrate material to form a substrate; and depositing and patterning of at least one electrically conductive layer either during the molding process or subsequent to the molding process to form an electrically conductive structure. In one embodiment, the three-dimensional electrically conductive microstructure comprises an electrically functional microneedle array comprising two or more microneedles, each including a high aspect ratio, polymeric three dimensional substrate structure which is at least substantially coated by an electrically conductive layer.
摘要翻译：提供用于制造三维导电结构的方法。还提供三维导电微结构。该方法可以包括提供具有限定三维结构的至少一个微压缩的模具; 用至少一种基底材料填充模具的微压; 模制所述至少一种基底材料以形成基底; 以及在模制过程期间或在模制过程之后沉积和图案化至少一个导电层以形成导电结构。在一个实施例中，三维导电微结构包括电功能微针阵列，其包括两个或更多个微针，每个微针包括高纵横比，至少基本上被导电层涂覆的聚合物三维衬底结构。

4. 发明授权

US09330820B2 Method for making electrically conductive three-dimensional structures 有权
标题翻译：制造导电三维结构的方法
公开(公告)号：US09330820B2
公开(公告)日：2016-05-03
申请号：US13873961
申请日：2013-04-30
申请人： Mark G. Allen , Seong-O Choi , Jung-Hwan Pauk , Xiaosong Wu , Yanzhu Zhao , Yong-Kyu Yoon , Swaminathan Rajaraman
发明人： Mark G. Allen , Seong-O Choi , Jung-Hwan Pauk , Xiaosong Wu , Yanzhu Zhao , Yong-Kyu Yoon , Swaminathan Rajaraman
IPC分类号： H01B13/00 , A61B5/00 , A61M37/00 , H05K1/02 , C25D1/00 , C25D1/10 , C25D5/02 , A61N1/32 , H05K3/40 , H05K3/20
CPC分类号： B32B3/30 , A61B5/685 , A61B2562/125 , A61M37/0015 , A61M2037/0053 , A61N1/327 , C25D1/003 , C25D1/10 , C25D5/022 , H01B13/00 , H05K1/02 , H05K3/20 , H05K3/4007 , H05K2201/0367 , H05K2201/09045 , H05K2201/09118 , H05K2203/0113 , Y10T428/2958 , Y10T428/298
摘要： Methods are provided for fabricating three-dimensional electrically conductive structures. Three-dimensional electrically conductive microstructures are also provided. The method may include providing a mold having at least one microdepression which defines a three-dimensional structure; filling the microdepression of the mold with at least one substrate material; molding the at least one substrate material to form a substrate; and depositing and patterning of at least one electrically conductive layer either during the molding process or subsequent to the molding process to form an electrically conductive structure. In one embodiment, the three-dimensional electrically conductive microstructure comprises an electrically functional microneedle array comprising two or more microneedles, each including a high aspect ratio, polymeric three dimensional substrate structure which is at least substantially coated by an electrically conductive layer.
摘要翻译：提供用于制造三维导电结构的方法。还提供三维导电微结构。该方法可以包括提供具有限定三维结构的至少一个微压缩的模具; 用至少一种基底材料填充模具的微压缩; 模制所述至少一种基底材料以形成基底; 以及在模制过程期间或在模制过程之后沉积和图案化至少一个导电层以形成导电结构。在一个实施例中，三维导电微结构包括电功能微针阵列，其包括两个或更多个微针，每个微针包括高纵横比，至少基本上被导电层涂覆的聚合物三维衬底结构。

5. 发明授权

US07461882B2 Microfabricated mechanically actuated microtool and methods 失效
标题翻译：微型机械致动微型工具和方法
公开(公告)号：US07461882B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-09
申请号：US11271450
申请日：2005-11-11
申请人： Yoonsu Choi , Mark G. Allen , James Ross , Stephen P. DeWeerth
发明人： Yoonsu Choi , Mark G. Allen , James Ross , Stephen P. DeWeerth
IPC分类号： B25J15/12 , B25J7/00
CPC分类号： C25D1/00 , B25J7/00 , B81C99/002 , Y10S294/902
摘要： Apparatus and processes are disclosed that provide a microfabricated microtool having a mechanically actuated manipulating mechanism. The microtool comprises a tweezer having flexible arms, and an actuating mechanism. A biological, electrical, or mechanical component is grasped, cut, sensed, or measured by the flexible arms. The actuating mechanism requires no electric power and is achieved by the reciprocating motion of a smooth, rigid microstructure applied against the flexible arms of the microtool. In certain implementations, actuator motion is controlled distally by a tethered cable. A process is also disclosed for producing a microtool, and in particular, by micropatterning. Photolithography may be used to form micro-molds that pattern the microtool or components of the microtool. In certain implementations, the tweezer and actuating mechanism are produced fully assembled. In other implementations, the tweezer and actuating mechanism are produced separately and assembled together.
摘要翻译：公开了提供具有机械致动的操纵机构的微加工微型工具的装置和方法。微型工具包括具有柔性臂的镊子和致动机构。通过柔性臂来抓住，切割，感测或测量生物，电或机械部件。致动机构不需要电力，并且通过向微型工具的柔性臂施加的光滑的刚性微结构的往复运动来实现。在某些实施方案中，致动器运动由系留电缆远程控制。还公开了一种用于生产微型工具，特别是通过微图案化的方法。可以使用光刻法来形成对微型工具或微型工具的组件进行图案化的微型模具。在某些实施方案中，镊子和致动机构被完全组装。在其他实施方式中，镊子和致动机构分开制造并组装在一起。

6. 发明申请

US20080284187A1 MICROFABRICATED MECHANICALLY ACTUATED MICROTOOL AND METHODS 审中-公开
标题翻译：微生物机械致动微生物和方法
公开(公告)号：US20080284187A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-20
申请号：US11851579
申请日：2007-09-07
申请人： Yoonsu Choi , Mark G. Allen , James Ross , Stephen P. DeWeerth
发明人： Yoonsu Choi , Mark G. Allen , James Ross , Stephen P. DeWeerth
IPC分类号： B66C1/00
CPC分类号： C25D1/00 , B25J7/00 , B81C99/002 , Y10S294/902
摘要： Apparatus and processes are disclosed that provide a microfabricated microtool having a mechanically actuated manipulating mechanism. The microtool comprises a tweezer having flexible arms, and an actuating mechanism. A biological, electrical, or mechanical component is grasped, cut, sensed, or measured by the flexible arms. The actuating mechanism requires no electric power and is achieved by the reciprocating motion of a smooth, rigid microstructure applied against the flexible arms of the microtool. In certain implementations, actuator motion is controlled distally by a tethered cable. A process is also disclosed for producing a microtool, and in particular, by micropatterning. Photolithography may be used to form micro-molds that pattern the microtool or components of the microtool. In certain implementations, the tweezer and actuating mechanism are produced fully assembled. In other implementations, the tweezer and actuating mechanism are produced separately and assembled together.
摘要翻译：公开了提供具有机械致动的操纵机构的微加工微型工具的装置和方法。微型工具包括具有柔性臂的镊子和致动机构。通过柔性臂来抓住，切割，感测或测量生物，电或机械部件。致动机构不需要电力，并且通过向微型工具的柔性臂施加的光滑的刚性微结构的往复运动来实现。在某些实施方案中，致动器运动由系留电缆远程控制。还公开了一种用于生产微型工具，特别是通过微图案化的方法。可以使用光刻法来形成对微型工具或微型工具的组件进行图案化的微型模具。在某些实施方案中，镊子和致动机构被完全组装。在其他实施方式中，镊子和致动机构分开制造并组装在一起。

7. 发明申请

US20100019778A1 PHYSICAL PROPERTY SENSOR WITH ACTIVE ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT AND WIRELESS POWER AND DATA TRANSMISSION 有权
标题翻译：具有有源电子电路的物理传感器和无线电力和数据传输
公开(公告)号：US20100019778A1
公开(公告)日：2010-01-28
申请号：US12506170
申请日：2009-07-20
申请人： Jin Woo Park , Florent Cros , Mark G. Allen
发明人： Jin Woo Park , Florent Cros , Mark G. Allen
IPC分类号： G01R27/28 , G05F1/10
CPC分类号： H02J50/00 , A61B5/0031 , A61B2560/0219 , G01K13/00 , G01L1/00 , G01L7/00 , H02J5/005 , H02J7/025
摘要： Wireless sensors configured to record and transmit data as well as sense and, optionally, actuate to monitor physical properties of an environment and, optionally, effect changes within that environment. In one aspect, the wireless sensor can have a power harvesting unit; a voltage regulation unit, a transducing oscillator unit, and a transmitting coil. The voltage regulation unit is electrically coupled to the power harvesting unit and is configured to actuate at a minimum voltage level. The transducing oscillator unit is electrically coupled to the voltage regulation unit and is configured to convert a sensed physical property into an electrical signal. Also, the transmitting coil is configured to receive the electrical signal and to transmit the electrical signal to an external antenna.
摘要翻译：无线传感器被配置为记录和传输数据以及感测和可选地启动以监视环境的物理特性，并且可选地影响该环境内的改变。一方面，无线传感器可以具有电力收集单元; 电压调节单元，换能振荡器单元和发送线圈。电压调节单元电耦合到功率采集单元并且被配置为在最小电压电平下致动。转换振荡器单元电耦合到电压调节单元，并且被配置为将检测到的物理特性转换成电信号。此外，发送线圈被配置为接收电信号并将电信号发送到外部天线。

8. 发明授权

US07466120B2 Communicating with an implanted wireless sensor 有权
标题翻译：与植入式无线传感器进行通信
公开(公告)号：US07466120B2
公开(公告)日：2008-12-16
申请号：US11717967
申请日：2007-03-14
申请人： Donald J. Miller , Michael G. Ellis , Mark G. Allen
发明人： Donald J. Miller , Michael G. Ellis , Mark G. Allen
IPC分类号： G01R23/12 , G01R35/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0031 , A61B5/02014 , A61B5/073 , A61B5/076 , A61B2560/0219
摘要： Aspects of the present invention determine the resonant frequency of a sensor by obtaining sensor signals in response to three energizing signals, measuring the phase of each sensor signal, and using a group phase delay to determine the resonant frequency. The phase difference between the first and second signal is determined as a first group phase delay. The phase difference between the second and third signal is determined as a second group phase delay. The first group phase delay and second group phase delay are compared. Based on the comparison, the system may lock on the resonant frequency of the sensor or adjust a subsequent set of three energizing signals.
摘要翻译：本发明的方面通过响应于三个激励信号获得传感器信号，测量每个传感器信号的相位以及使用组相位延迟来确定谐振频率来确定传感器的谐振频率。第一和第二信号之间的相位差被确定为第一组相位延迟。第二和第三信号之间的相位差被确定为第二组相位延迟。比较第一组相位延迟和第二组相位延迟。基于比较，系统可以锁定传感器的谐振频率或调整后续的一组三个通电信号。

9. 发明授权

US07115437B2 Micromachined device having electrically isolated components and a method for making the same 失效
公开(公告)号：US07115437B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-03
申请号：US10935947
申请日：2004-09-08
申请人： Mark G. Allen , Charles C. Chung
发明人： Mark G. Allen , Charles C. Chung
IPC分类号： H01L21/00
CPC分类号： H01L21/761 , B81B3/0086 , B81B2201/033 , Y10S257/93
摘要： A micromachined structure having electrically isolated components is formed by thermomigrating a dopant through a substrate to form a doped region within the substrate. The doped region separates two portions of the substrate. The dopant is selected such that the doped region electrically isolates the two portions of the substrate from each other via junction isolation.

10. 发明授权

US07088567B2 Tunable capacitors using fluid dielectrics 有权
标题翻译：使用流体电介质的可调电容器
公开(公告)号：US07088567B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-08
申请号：US10493131
申请日：2002-10-18
申请人： Andrew T. Hunt , Mark G. Allen
发明人： Andrew T. Hunt , Mark G. Allen
IPC分类号： H01G5/00
CPC分类号： H01G5/0132 , H01G7/00 , H01G7/04
摘要： Capacitors (10,20,40,50,70,80) having a fluid dielectric material that is transported or undergoes a phase change are disclosed. The dielectric medium change results in a change in the total dielectric constant of the material between the electrodes (12, 14, 72, 74, 81, 82), thus changing the capacitance of the capacitors. Transporting or phase changing the dielectric fluids into and out of a the electric field of the capacitor, changes the effective dielectric constant and the capacitance of the capacitor.
摘要翻译：公开了具有运输或经历相变的流体介电材料的电容器（10,20,40,50,70,80）。电介质变化导致电极（12,14,72,74,81,82）之间的材料的总介电常数的变化，从而改变电容器的电容。将电介质流体输送或相位改变为电容器的电场，从而改变电容器的有效介电常数和电容。

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