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1. 发明授权

US07649141B2 Emitter wrap-through back contact solar cells on thin silicon wafers 失效
标题翻译：在薄硅晶片上的发射器回接接触太阳能电池
公开(公告)号：US07649141B2
公开(公告)日：2010-01-19
申请号：US10880190
申请日：2004-06-29
申请人： Russell R. Schmit , James M. Gee
发明人： Russell R. Schmit , James M. Gee
IPC分类号： H01L31/00 , H02N6/00
CPC分类号： H01L31/0682 , H01L31/022458 , Y02E10/547
摘要： A thin emitter wrap-through solar cell and method for making a thin emitter wrap-through solar cell. The cell preferably includes a silicon wafer substrate having a thickness of less than 280 microns. The p-type area on the back side of the cell is minimized, which maximizes the collector area and reduces or eliminates stress due to passivation of the p-type area, which is required for conventional solar cells. The efficiency of the cell of the present invention peaks for a much smaller thickness than that for conventional cells. Thus thin wafers of inexpensive, lower quality silicon may be used without a significant efficiency penalty, providing a large cost advantage over other solar cell configurations. Vias through the substrate, which connect emitter layers on the front and back surfaces of the substrate, may consist of holes which are doped, or alternatively may be solid doped channels formed by migration of a solvent, which preferably contains a dopant, caused by a gradient-driven process.
摘要翻译：用于制造薄发射器包裹太阳能电池的薄发射器包裹太阳能电池和方法。电池优选包括厚度小于280微米的硅晶片衬底。电池背面的p型区域被最小化，这使得集电极面积最大化并且减少或消除了由常规太阳能电池所需的p型区域的钝化引起的应力。本发明的电池的效率比常规电池的效率高得多。因此，可以使用廉价，低质量的硅的薄晶片，而没有显着的效率损失，相比其他太阳能电池配置提供了巨大的成本优势。穿过衬底的通孔，其连接衬底的前表面和后表面上的发射极层，可以由掺杂的孔组成，或者可以是由优选含有掺杂剂的溶剂的迁移形成的固体掺杂通道，梯度驱动过程。

2. 发明授权

US06858462B2 Enhanced light absorption of solar cells and photodetectors by diffraction 有权
$Enhanced light absorption of solar cells and photodetectors by diffraction$
标题翻译：通过衍射增强太阳能电池和光电探测器的光吸收
公开(公告)号：US06858462B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-22
申请号：US09834308
申请日：2001-04-11
申请人： Saleem H. Zaidi , James M. Gee
发明人： Saleem H. Zaidi , James M. Gee
IPC分类号： H01L31/0232 , H01L31/0236 , H01L21/02
CPC分类号： H01L31/02363 , H01L31/1804 , Y02E10/547 , Y02P70/521
摘要： Enhanced light absorption of solar cells and photodetectors by diffraction is described. Triangular, rectangular, and blazed subwavelength periodic structures are shown to improve performance of solar cells. Surface reflection can be tailored for either broadband, or narrow-band spectral absorption. Enhanced absorption is achieved by efficient optical coupling into obliquely propagating transmitted diffraction orders. Subwavelength one-dimensional structures are designed for polarization-dependent, wavelength-selective absorption in solar cells and photodetectors, while two-dimensional structures are designed for polarization-independent, wavelength-selective absorption therein. Suitable one and two-dimensional subwavelength periodic structures can also be designed for broadband spectral absorption in solar cells and photodetectors. If reactive ion etching (RIE) processes are used to form the grating, RIE-induced surface damage in subwavelength structures can be repaired by forming junctions using ion implantation methods. RIE-induced surface damage can also be removed by post RIE wet-chemical etching treatments.
摘要翻译：描述了通过衍射增强太阳能电池和光电探测器的光吸收。三角形，矩形和闪耀的亚波长周期结构被显示以改善太阳能电池的性能。表面反射可以适用于宽带或窄带光谱吸收。通过有效的光耦合到倾斜传播的衍射级中实现增强的吸收。亚波长一维结构被设计用于太阳能电池和光电探测器中的偏振相关的波长选择性吸收，而二维结构被设计用于其中的偏振无关的波长选择吸收。也可以为太阳能电池和光电探测器中的宽带光谱吸收设计合适的一维和二维亚波长周期结构。如果使用反应离子蚀刻（RIE）工艺来形成光栅，可以通过使用离子注入方法形成结来修复亚波长结构中的RIE诱导的表面损伤。 RIE诱导的表面损伤也可以通过RIE湿法化学蚀刻处理来去除。

3. 发明授权

US5468652A Method of making a back contacted solar cell 失效
标题翻译：制造背面接触太阳能电池的方法
公开(公告)号：US5468652A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-21
申请号：US289161
申请日：1994-08-11
申请人： James M. Gee
发明人： James M. Gee
IPC分类号： H01L31/0224 , H01L31/068 , H01L31/18
CPC分类号： H01L31/068 , H01L31/022458 , Y02E10/547 , Y10S438/928 , Y10S438/94
摘要： A back-contacted solar cell having laser-drilled vias connecting the front-surface carrier-collector junction to an electrode grid on the back surface. The structure may also include a rear surface carrier-collector junction connected to the same grid. The substrate is connected to a second grid which is interdigitated with the first. Both grids are configured for easy series connection with neighboring cells. Several processes are disclosed to produce the cell.
摘要翻译：背面接触的太阳能电池，其具有将前表面载流子收集器结连接到背表面上的电极栅格的激光钻孔。该结构还可以包括连接到相同栅格的后表面载流子 - 集电极结。衬底连接到与第一栅极交叉的第二栅极。两个网格都配置为与相邻单元进行串联连接。公开了几种制造电池的方法。

4. 发明授权

US07863084B2 Contact fabrication of emitter wrap-through back contact silicon solar cells 失效
标题翻译：接头制造发射体包裹反接触硅太阳能电池
公开(公告)号：US07863084B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-04
申请号：US12553803
申请日：2009-09-03
申请人： Peter Hacke , James M. Gee
发明人： Peter Hacke , James M. Gee
IPC分类号： H01L21/38
CPC分类号： H01L31/0682 , H01L31/022458 , H01L31/1804 , Y02E10/547 , Y02P70/521
摘要： Back contact solar cells including rear surface structures and methods for making same. The rear surface has small contact areas through at least one dielectric layer, including but not limited to a passivation layer, a nitride layer, a diffusion barrier, and/or a metallization barrier. The dielectric layer is preferably screen printed. Large grid areas overlay the dielectric layer. The methods provide for increasing efficiency by minimizing p-type contact areas and maximizing n-type doped regions on the rear surface of a p-type substrate.
摘要翻译：背面接触太阳能电池，包括后表面结构及其制造方法。后表面通过至少一个电介质层具有小的接触面积，包括但不限于钝化层，氮化物层，扩散阻挡层和/或金属化屏障。电介质层优选丝网印刷。大电网区覆盖电介质层。这些方法通过最小化p型接触面积和使p型衬底的后表面上的n型掺杂区域最大化来提高效率。

5. 发明申请

US20080216887A1 Interconnect Technologies for Back Contact Solar Cells and Modules 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于背面接触太阳能电池和模块的互连技术
公开(公告)号：US20080216887A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-11
申请号：US11963841
申请日：2007-12-23
申请人： Peter Hacke , David H. Meakin , James M. Gee , Sysavanh Southimath , Brian Murphy
发明人： Peter Hacke , David H. Meakin , James M. Gee , Sysavanh Southimath , Brian Murphy
IPC分类号： H01L31/05 , H01L31/18
CPC分类号： H01L31/022441 , H01L31/0516 , Y02E10/50 , Y10T29/49171
摘要： Methods and systems for interconnecting back contact solar cells. The solar cells preferably have reduced area busbars, or are entirely busbarless, and current is extracted from a variety of points on the interior of the cell surface. The interconnects preferably relieve stresses due to solder reflow and other thermal effects. The interconnects may be stamped and include external or internal structures which are bonded to the solder pads on the solar cell. These structures are designed to minimize thermal stresses between the interconnect and the solar cell. The interconnect may alternatively comprise porous metals such as wire mesh, wire cloth, or expanded metal, or corrugated or fingered strips. The interconnects are preferably electrically isolated from the solar cell by an insulator which is deposited on the cell, placed on the cell as a discrete layer, or laminated directly to desired areas of the interconnect.
摘要翻译：用于互连背接触太阳能电池的方法和系统。太阳能电池优选地具有减小的面积母线，或者完全无母线，并且电流从电池表面内部的各种点提取。互连优选地减轻由于焊料回流和其它热效应引起的应力。互连可以被冲压并且包括结合到太阳能电池上的焊盘的外部或内部结构。这些结构被设计成使互连和太阳能电池之间的热应力最小化。互连可以可选地包括多孔金属，例如金属丝网，金属丝布或多孔金属，或波纹状或指形条。互连优选地通过绝缘体与太阳能电池电隔离，所述绝缘体沉积在电池上，作为离散层放置在电池上，或者直接层压到互连的期望区域。

6. 发明授权

US07144751B2 Back-contact solar cells and methods for fabrication 失效
标题翻译：背接触太阳能电池和制造方法
公开(公告)号：US07144751B2
公开(公告)日：2006-12-05
申请号：US11050185
申请日：2005-02-03
申请人： James M. Gee , Peter Hacke
发明人： James M. Gee , Peter Hacke
IPC分类号： H01L21/22 , H01L21/38
CPC分类号： H01L31/1804 , H01L31/022458 , H01L31/03529 , H01L31/0682 , Y02E10/547 , Y02P70/521 , Y10S438/928
摘要： Methods for fabrication of emitter wrap through (EWT) back-contact solar cells and cells made by such methods. Certain methods provide for higher concentration of dopant in conductive vias compared to the average dopant concentration on front or rear surfaces, and provided increased efficiency. Certain methods provide for selective doping to holes for forming conductive vias by use of printed dopant pastes. Other methods provide for use of spin-on glass substrates including dopant.
摘要翻译：用于制造发射体包裹（EWT）背接触太阳能电池和由这些方法制成的电池的方法。与前表面或后表面上的平均掺杂剂浓度相比，某些方法提供了导电通孔中较高浓度的掺杂剂，并提供了更高的效率。某些方法提供了用于通过使用印刷的掺杂剂浆料形成导电通孔的孔的选择性掺杂。其他方法提供了使用包括掺杂剂在内的旋涂玻璃基板。

7. 发明授权

US06583350B1 Thermophotovoltaic energy conversion using photonic bandgap selective emitters 有权
标题翻译：使用光子带隙选择性发射器的光伏能量转换
公开(公告)号：US06583350B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-24
申请号：US10114820
申请日：2002-04-03
申请人： James M. Gee , Shawn-Yu Lin , James G. Fleming , James B. Moreno
发明人： James M. Gee , Shawn-Yu Lin , James G. Fleming , James B. Moreno
IPC分类号： H01L31058
CPC分类号： H01K1/50 , H01K1/04 , H01K3/02 , H01L33/02
摘要： A method for thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity comprises heating a metallic photonic crystal to provide selective emission of radiation that is matched to the peak spectral response of a photovoltaic cell that converts the radiation to electricity. The use of a refractory metal, such as tungsten, for the photonic crystal enables high temperature operation for high radiant flux and high dielectric contrast for a full 3D photonic bandgap, preferable for efficient thermophotovoltaic energy conversion.
摘要翻译：一种用于电光发电的方法包括加热金属光子晶体以提供与将辐射转换成电的光伏电池的峰值光谱响应匹配的辐射的选择性发射。对于光子晶体，使用难熔金属（例如钨）可以实现高辐射通量的高温操作和用于全3D光子带隙的高介电对比度，对于有效的热光能转换而言是优选的。

8. 发明申请

US20140060609A1 MONOLITHIC MODULE ASSEMBLY FOR STANDARD CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELLS 审中-公开
标题翻译：标准晶体硅太阳能电池的单片模块组件
公开(公告)号：US20140060609A1
公开(公告)日：2014-03-06
申请号：US13647152
申请日：2012-10-08
申请人： PRABHAT KUMAR , Sunhom Paak , James M. Gee
发明人： PRABHAT KUMAR , Sunhom Paak , James M. Gee
IPC分类号： H01L31/05 , H01L31/18
CPC分类号： H01L31/0504 , H01L31/0512 , Y02E10/50
摘要： Apparatuses and assembly methods are provided for a monolithic solar cell panel assembly. The assembly comprises an array of solar cells having front electrical contacts and back electrical contacts, wherein a first set of the solar cells in the array are aligned to be electrically connected in series through a back circuit sheet having an array of back metal contacts connected to corresponding back electrical contacts on the first set of solar cells, and through a front circuit sheet having an array of front metal contacts connected to corresponding front electrical contacts on the first set of solar cells. Electrical connections may be made in a lamination step, in which an encapsulant polymer flows into gaps and an interconnect material connects the circuits to form the monolithic solar cell panel assembly.
摘要翻译：为单片太阳能电池板组件提供了装置和装配方法。组件包括具有前电触头和背电触头的太阳能电池阵列，其中阵列中的第一组太阳能电池被对准以通过背电路片串联电连接，所述背板具有连接到在第一组太阳能电池上的相应的后部电触点，以及通过连接到第一组太阳能电池组上的对应的前部电触点的前部金属触点阵列的前部电路板。电连接可以在层压步骤中进行，其中密封剂聚合物流入间隙，并且互连材料连接电路以形成单片太阳能电池面板组件。

9. 发明申请

US20120167986A1 PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES MANUFACTUERD USING MONOLITHIC MODULE ASSEMBLY TECHNIQUES 审中-公开
标题翻译：使用单片模块组装技术的光伏模块制造
公开(公告)号：US20120167986A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-05
申请号：US13419250
申请日：2012-03-13
申请人： David H. MEAKIN , James M. Gee , Sysavanh Southimath , Brian Murphy , John Telle , Andrew Mark Mitchell
发明人： David H. MEAKIN , James M. Gee , Sysavanh Southimath , Brian Murphy , John Telle , Andrew Mark Mitchell
IPC分类号： H01L31/05
CPC分类号： H01L31/0201 , H01L31/02013 , H01L31/048 , H01L31/049 , H01L31/0516 , H02S40/34 , Y02E10/50
摘要： Photovoltaic modules comprising back-contact solar cells manufactured using monolithic module assembly techniques comprising a flexible circuit comprising a back sheet and a patterned metallization. The module may comprise busses in electrical contact with the patterned metallization to extract the current. The module may alternatively comprise multilevel metallizations. Interlayer dielectric comprising islands or dots relieves stresses due to thermal mismatch. The use of multiple cord plates enables flexible circuit layouts, thus optimizing the module. The modules preferably comprise a thermoplastic encapsulant and/or hybrid adhesive/solder materials. An ultrathin moisture barrier enables roll-to-roll processing.
摘要翻译：包括使用整体模块组装技术制造的背接触式太阳能电池的光伏模块，该技术包括包含背板和图案化金属化的柔性电路。模块可以包括与图案化的金属化物电接触以提取电流的母线。该模块可以替代地包括多层金属化。包含岛或点的层间电介质减轻了由于热失配引起的应力。使用多个电缆板可实现灵活的电路布局，从而优化模块。模块优选地包括热塑性密封剂和/或混合粘合剂/焊料材料。超薄防潮屏障可实现卷对卷加工。

10. 发明申请

US20110155225A1 Back contact solar cells having exposed vias 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有暴露通孔的背接触太阳能电池
公开(公告)号：US20110155225A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-30
申请号：US12806919
申请日：2010-08-23
申请人： James Howarth , Jeff Franklin , James M. Gee , Peter Hacke , David L. King
发明人： James Howarth , Jeff Franklin , James M. Gee , Peter Hacke , David L. King
IPC分类号： H01L31/02 , H01L31/0224
CPC分类号： H01L31/022458 , H01L31/0682 , H01L31/1804 , Y02E10/547 , Y02P70/521
摘要： Embodiments of the invention contemplate the formation of a solar cell device that has improved efficiency and device electrical properties. In one embodiment, the solar cell device described herein includes an Emitter Wrap Through (EWT) solar cell that has plurality of laser drilled vias disposed in a spaced apart relationship to metal gridlines formed on a surface of the substrate. Solar cell structures that may benefit from the invention disclosed herein include back-contact solar cells, such as those in which both positive and negative contacts are formed only on the rear surface of the device.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例考虑到形成具有改进的效率和器件电性能的太阳能电池器件。在一个实施例中，本文所述的太阳能电池器件包括发射器包裹（EWT）太阳能电池，该太阳能电池具有多个激光钻孔，该激光钻孔与衬底表面上形成的金属网格线间隔设置。可以受益于本文公开的本发明的太阳能电池结构包括背接触太阳能电池，例如仅在装置的后表面上形成正触点和负触点的太阳能电池。

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