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1. 发明授权

US07242775B2 Optical pulse calibration for quantum key distribution 有权
标题翻译：量子密钥分配的光脉冲校准
公开(公告)号：US07242775B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-10
申请号：US10706815
申请日：2003-11-12
申请人： Harry N. Vig , Alexei Trifonov
发明人： Harry N. Vig , Alexei Trifonov
IPC分类号： H04L9/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/70 , H04L9/0858
摘要： Methods and systems for generating calibrated optical pulses in a QKD system. The method includes calibrating a variable optical attenuator (VOA) by first passing radiation pulses of a given intensity and pulse width through the VOA for a variety of VOA settings. The method further includes resetting the VOA to minimum attenuation and sending through the VOA optical pulses having varying pulse widths. The method also includes determining the power needed at the receiver in the QKD system, and setting the VOA so that optical pulses generated by the optical radiation source are calibrated to provide the needed average power. Such calibration is critical in a QKD system, where the average number of photons per pulse needs to be very small—i.e., on the order of 0.1 photons per pulse—in order to ensure quantum security of the system.
摘要翻译：用于在QKD系统中产生校准光脉冲的方法和系统。该方法包括通过首先将给定强度和脉冲宽度的辐射脉冲通过用于各种VOA设置的VOA来校准可变光衰减器（VOA）。该方法还包括将VOA复位为最小衰减并通过具有变化的脉冲宽度的VOA光脉冲发送。该方法还包括确定QKD系统中的接收机所需的功率，以及设置VOA，使得由光辐射源产生的光脉冲被校准以提供所需的平均功率。这种校准在QKD系统中是至关重要的，其中每个脉冲的平均光子数需要非常小，即每脉冲0.1个光子量级，以确保系统的量子安全性。

2. 发明授权

US07437081B2 System and method for providing two-way communication of quantum signals, timing signals, and public data 有权
标题翻译：用于提供量子信号，定时信号和公共数据的双向通信的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07437081B2
公开(公告)日：2008-10-14
申请号：US10978973
申请日：2004-11-01
申请人： J. Howell Mitchell , Harry N. Vig , Anton Zavriyev , Alexei Trifonov
发明人： J. Howell Mitchell , Harry N. Vig , Anton Zavriyev , Alexei Trifonov
IPC分类号： H04B10/00 , H04K1/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/70
摘要： A system and method for providing two-way communication of quantum signals, timing signals, and public data is provided. Generally, the system contains a first public data transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving public data in accordance with a predefined timing sequence, a first optical modulator/demodulator capable of transmitting and receiving timing signals in accordance with the predefined timing sequence, a first quantum transceiver capable of transmitting and receiving quantum signals in accordance with the predefined timing sequence, and a first controller connected to the first public data transceiver, the first optical modulator/demodulator, and the first quantum transceiver. The first controller is capable of controlling the transmission of the public data, the timing signals, and the quantum signals in accordance with the predefined timing sequence.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于提供量子信号，定时信号和公共数据的双向通信的系统和方法。通常，该系统包括能够根据预定义的定时序列发送和接收公共数据的第一公共数据收发器，能够根据预定定时序列发送和接收定时信号的第一光调制器/解调器，第一量子收发器能够根据预定义的定时顺序发送和接收量子信号，以及连接到第一公共数据收发器，第一光调制器/解调器和第一量子收发器的第一控制器。第一控制器能够根据预定义的时序顺序来控制公共数据，定时信号和量子信号的传输。

3. 发明授权

US07254295B2 Optical fiber interferometer with relaxed loop tolerance and QKD system using the same 有权
标题翻译：光纤干涉仪具有松弛的环路公差和QKD系统使用相同
公开(公告)号：US07254295B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-07
申请号：US11284226
申请日：2005-11-21
申请人： Alexei Trifonov , A. Craig Beal
发明人： Alexei Trifonov , A. Craig Beal
IPC分类号： G02F1/35 , G02B6/26 , G02B6/28 , H04L9/00 , G01B9/02
CPC分类号： H04L9/0858 , G02B6/2861
摘要： An optical fiber interferometer (10) with relaxed loop tolerance, and a quantum key distribution (QKD) system (200) using same is disclosed. The interferometer includes two optical fiber loops (LP1 and LP2). The loops have an optical path length (OPL) difference between them. A polarization-maintaining (PM) optical fiber section (60) of length (L60) and having fast and slow optical axes (AF and AS) optically couples the two loops. The length and fast-slow axis orientation is selected to introduce a time delay (ΔT1-2) between orthogonally polarized optical pulses traveling therethrough that compensates for the OPL difference. This allows for drastically relaxed tolerances when making the loops, leading to easier and more cost-effective manufacturing of the interferometer as well as related devices such as a optical-fiber-based QKD system.
摘要翻译：公开了具有松弛环路容限的光纤干涉仪（10）和使用其的量子密钥分配（QKD）系统（200）。干涉仪包括两个光纤回路（LP 1和LP 2）。环路之间的光程长度（OPL）差。长度为（L 60 C）并且具有快速和慢速光轴的偏振维持（PM）光纤部分（60），其具有快和慢光轴（A＆lt; / SUB>）光耦合两个环路。选择长度和快慢轴定向以在穿过其中的正交偏振光脉冲之间引入补偿OPL差的时间延迟（ΔT1-2-2）。这允许制造环路时的宽松公差，导致干涉仪的更容易和更经济有效的制造以及诸如基于光纤的QKD系统之类的相关设备。

4. 发明授权

US07227955B2 Single-photon watch dog detector for folded quantum key distribution system 有权
标题翻译：用于折叠量子密钥分发系统的单光子看门狗检测器
公开(公告)号：US07227955B2
公开(公告)日：2007-06-05
申请号：US10670979
申请日：2003-09-25
申请人： Alexei Trifonov , Harry Vig
发明人： Alexei Trifonov , Harry Vig
IPC分类号： H04K1/00
CPC分类号： H04L7/0008 , H04L7/0075 , H04L9/0858
摘要： A single-photon “watch dog” detector for a two-way quantum key distribution (QKD) system. The detector can detect weak probe signals associated with a Trojan horse attack, or weak substitute signals associated with a “man in the middle” attacks. The detector provides for a significant increase in security for a two-way QKD system over the prior art that employs a conventional detector such as a photodiode. By counting the number of weak pulses entering and/or leaving the reflecting QKD station (Alice), an eavesdropper that attempts to add weak pulses to the quantum channel in order to gain phase information from the phase modulator at Alice can be detected.
摘要翻译：用于双向量子密钥分发（QKD）系统的单光子“观察狗”检测器。检测器可以检测与特洛伊木马攻击相关的弱探测信号，或与“中间人”攻击相关的弱替代信号。与使用诸如光电二极管的常规检测器的现有技术相比，该检测器提供了双向QKD系统的安全性的显着提高。通过计数进入和/或离开反射QKD站（Alice）的弱脉冲的数量，可以检测试图向量子信道添加弱脉冲以在Alice处从相位调制器获得相位信息的窃听器。

5. 发明申请

US20070098174A1 Narrow-band single-photon source and QKD system using same 有权
标题翻译：窄带单光子源和QKD系统使用相同
公开(公告)号：US20070098174A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-03
申请号：US11260705
申请日：2005-10-27
申请人： Alexei Trifonov , Anton Zavriyev
发明人： Alexei Trifonov , Anton Zavriyev
IPC分类号： H04K1/00
CPC分类号： H04L9/0852
摘要： A narrow-band single-photon source (10) is disclosed, along with a QKD system (200) using same. The single-photon source is based on spontaneous parametric downconversion that generates signal and idler photons (PS and PI) as an entangled photon pair. Narrow-band signal photons are generated by selectively narrow-band-filtering the idler photons. This results in a non-local filtering of the signal photons due to the time-energy entanglement of the photon pair. Subsequent detection of the filtered idler photon establishes the narrow-band signal photon. The narrow-band single-photon source is particularly useful in a QKD system, wherein the narrow-band signal photons are used as quantum signals to mitigate the adverse effect of chromatic dispersion on QKD system performance.
摘要翻译：公开了窄带单光子源（10）以及使用其的QKD系统（200）。单光子源基于自发参数下变频，其产生作为纠缠光子对的信号和惰性光子（PS和PI）。通过选择性窄带滤波惰性光子来产生窄带信号光子。这导致由于光子对的时间能量纠缠而导致的信号光子的非局部滤波。随后检测到的滤波后的惰性光子建立了窄带信号光子。窄带单光子源在QKD系统中特别有用，其中窄带信号光子被用作量子信号以减轻色散对QKD系统性能的不利影响。

6. 发明申请

US20060023885A1 Two-way QKD system with backscattering suppression 审中-公开
标题翻译：双向QKD系统具有后向散射抑制
公开(公告)号：US20060023885A1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-02
申请号：US10900491
申请日：2004-07-28
申请人： Alexei Trifonov , Anton Zavriyev
发明人： Alexei Trifonov , Anton Zavriyev
IPC分类号： H04K1/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/70 , H04L9/0858
摘要： Systems and methods for suppressing the unwanted detection of backscattered light in a two-way quantum key distribution (QKD) system is disclosed. The system includes a first QKD station that has two or more laser sources that emit light at different wavelengths, and corresponding two or more sets of detectors. In a two-way QKD system, backscattered light is typically generated in an optical fiber link connecting the first and second QKD stations by the relatively strong outgoing optical pulses. To prevent the backscattered light from interfering with the detection of the weak optical pulses returned from the second QKD station to the first station, a controller sequentially activates different light sources, and also sequentially activates the different sets of detectors.
摘要翻译：公开了用于抑制双向量子密钥分发（QKD）系统中的背散射光的不期望的检测的系统和方法。该系统包括具有发射不同波长的光的两个或更多个激光源的第一QKD站和相应的两组或更多组检测器。在双向QKD系统中，反向散射光通常在通过相对强的输出光脉冲连接第一和第二QKD站的光纤链路中产生。为了防止反向散射光干扰从第二QKD站返回到第一站的弱光脉冲的检测，控制器顺序地激活不同的光源，并且还顺序激活不同的检测器组。

7. 发明申请

US20050135627A1 Two-way QKD system with active compensation 失效
标题翻译：双向QKD系统具有主动补偿功能
公开(公告)号：US20050135627A1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-23
申请号：US10876847
申请日：2004-06-25
申请人： Anton Zavriyev , Alexei Trifonov , Michael Lagasse
发明人： Anton Zavriyev , Alexei Trifonov , Michael Lagasse
IPC分类号： G02F1/335 , H04K1/00 , H04L9/08
CPC分类号： H04L9/0852
摘要： A two-way actively stabilized QKD system that utilizes control signals and quantum signals is disclosed. Because the quantum signals do not traverse the same optical path through the system, signal collisions in the phase modulator are avoided. This allows the system to have a higher transmission rate than a two-way system in which the quantum signals traverse the same optical path. Also, the active stabilization process, which is based on maintaining a fixed relationship between an intensity ratio of interfered control signals, is greatly simplified by having the interferometer loops located all in one QKD station.
摘要翻译：公开了一种利用控制信号和量子信号的双向主动稳定QKD系统。因为量子信号不穿过通过系统的相同光路，所以避免了相位调制器中的信号碰撞。这允许系统具有比量子信号穿过相同光路的双向系统更高的传输速率。此外，通过使干涉仪环路全部位于一个QKD站中，基于保持干扰控制信号的强度比之间的固定关系的主动稳定处理被大大简化。

8. 发明授权

US07606371B2 Two-way QKD system with active compensation 失效
标题翻译：双向QKD系统具有主动补偿功能
公开(公告)号：US07606371B2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-20
申请号：US10876847
申请日：2004-06-25
申请人： Anton Zavriyev , Alexei Trifonov , Michael LaGasse
发明人： Anton Zavriyev , Alexei Trifonov , Michael LaGasse
IPC分类号： H04L9/08
CPC分类号： H04L9/0852
摘要： A two-way actively stabilized QKD system that utilizes control signals and quantum signals is disclosed. Because the quantum signals do not traverse the same optical path through the system, signal collisions in the phase modulator are avoided. This allows the system to have a higher transmission rate than a two-way system in which the quantum signals traverse the same optical path. Also, the active stabilization process, which is based on maintaining a fixed relationship between an intensity ratio of interfered control signals, is greatly simplified by having the interferometer loops located all in one QKD station.
摘要翻译：公开了一种利用控制信号和量子信号的双向主动稳定QKD系统。因为量子信号不穿过通过系统的相同光路，所以避免了相位调制器中的信号碰撞。这允许系统具有比量子信号穿过相同光路的双向系统更高的传输速率。此外，通过使干涉仪环路全部位于一个QKD站中，基于保持干扰控制信号的强度比之间的固定关系的主动稳定处理被大大简化。

9. 发明申请

US20090022322A1 Entanglement-Based Qkd System With Active Phase Tracking 有权
标题翻译：基于纠缠的Qkd系统具有主动相位跟踪
公开(公告)号：US20090022322A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-22
申请号：US12223308
申请日：2007-01-31
申请人： Alexei Trifonov
发明人： Alexei Trifonov
IPC分类号： H04L9/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/70 , H04L9/0852
摘要： Entanglement-based QKD systems and methods with active phase tracking and stabilization are disclosed. The method includes generating in an initial state-preparation stage (Charlie) pairs of coherent photons (P1) at a first wavelength. Second harmonic generation and spontaneous parametric downconversion are used to generate entangled pairs of photons (P5) having the first wavelength—State detection stages (Alice and Bob) optically coupled to Charlie receive respective entangled photons from Charlie. The relative phase delays of the entangled photons are tracked using reference optical signals (P3) generated by Charlie and having the same wavelength as the entangled photons. Classical detectors (132A, 132B) detect the reference signals while single-photon detectors (130A, 130B) and a control unit (control unit C) generates an phase-correction signal that maintains the relative phases of the three phase delay loops (40, 100A,100B ) via adjustable phase-delay elements (MA, MB).
摘要翻译：公开了基于纠缠的QKD系统和具有有源相位跟踪和稳定的方法。该方法包括在第一波长的初始状态准备阶段（Charlie）生成相干光子对（P1）。使用二次谐波生成和自发参数下变频来产生具有光学耦合到查理的第一波长状态检测阶段（Alice和Bob）的纠缠对的光子（P5），从Charlie接收相应的纠缠光子。使用由查理产生的参考光信号（P3）跟踪缠结光子的相对相位延迟并且具有与纠缠的光子相同的波长。经典检测器（132A，132B）检测参考信号，而单光子检测器（130A，130B）和控制单元（控制单元C）产生相位校正信号，该相位校正信号维持三相延迟环路 100A，100B）通过可调相位延迟元件（MA，MB）。

10. 发明授权

US07409162B2 Timing error reduction in QKD systems 有权
标题翻译： QKD系统的定时误差减少
公开(公告)号：US07409162B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-05
申请号：US10969813
申请日：2004-10-20
申请人： Harry Vig , Alexei Trifonov
发明人： Harry Vig , Alexei Trifonov
IPC分类号： H04B10/00 , G06F1/04
CPC分类号： H04L9/0852 , H04L7/0008 , H04L7/0075 , H04L7/02 , H04L2209/34
摘要： Systems and methods for reducing or eliminating timing errors in a quantum key distribution (QKD) system (100) are disclosed. The QKD system has a pulse generator with retimer (PGRT) that includes a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) (or FPGA output) which is used as a timing generator (TG). While an FPGA has the desired degree of programmability for use in a QKD system, it also suffers from undue amounts of jitter in the digital output. The present invention utilizes emitter-coupled logic (ECL) to reduce the timing jitter from the FPGA by coupling two ECL delays (ECL delay 1 and ECL delay 2) to the FPGA and to retiming block, and by using an ECL logical AND gate to set the pulse width of the various synchronization signals. An embodiment of the present invention includes multiple clock domains having individual clocks (CLK), phase-lock loops (PLLs), retiming circuits (RT) and timing generators (TG) for robust jitter reduction and hence highly accurate QKD system timing.
摘要翻译：公开了用于减少或消除量子密钥分发（QKD）系统（100）中的定时误差的系统和方法。 QKD系统具有重新定标器（PGRT）的脉冲发生器，其包括用作定时发生器（TG）的现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）（或FPGA输出）。虽然FPGA具有在QKD系统中使用的可编程程度，但也会受到数字输出中不适当的抖动的影响。本发明利用发射极耦合逻辑（ECL）通过将两个ECL延迟（ECL延迟1和ECL延迟2）耦合到FPGA和重定时块来减少来自FPGA的定时抖动，并且通过使用ECL逻辑与门设置各种同步信号的脉冲宽度。本发明的一个实施例包括具有单独时钟（CLK），锁相环（PLL），重定时电路（RT）和定时发生器（TG）的多个时钟域，用于鲁棒的抖动减小，因此具有高精度的QKD系统定时。

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