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1. 发明授权

US06894970B1 Router switch fabric protection using forward error correction 失效
公开(公告)号：US06894970B1
公开(公告)日：2005-05-17
申请号：US09703064
申请日：2000-10-31
申请人： Thomas C. McDermott, III , Harry C. Blackmon , Tony M. Brewer , Harold W. Dozier , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw , David Traylor , Dean E. Walker
发明人： Thomas C. McDermott, III , Harry C. Blackmon , Tony M. Brewer , Harold W. Dozier , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw , David Traylor , Dean E. Walker
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04Q11/00 , H04Q11/04 , H04L1/22 , H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04J2203/0057 , H04L49/1523 , H04L49/208 , H04L49/254 , H04L49/357 , H04L2012/5627 , H04Q11/0066 , H04Q2011/0043
摘要： Instead of alternatively utilizing only one fabric or the other fabric of a redundant pair, both fabrics simultaneously transmit duplicate information, such that each packet forwarding module (PFM) receives the output of both fabrics simultaneously. In real time, an internal optics module (IOM) analyzes each information chunk coming out of a working zero switch fabric; simultaneously examines a parallel output of a working one duplicate switch fabric; and compares on a chunk-by-chunk basis the validity of each and every chunk from both switch fabrics. The IOM does this by examining forward error correction (FEC) check symbols encapsulated into each chunk. FEC check symbols allow correcting a predetermined number of bit errors within a chunk. If the chunk cannot be corrected, then the IOM provides indication to all PFMs downstream that the chunk is defective. Under such conditions, the PFMs select a chunk from the non-defective switch fabric. Under error-free normal conditions, however, the PFMs select a chunk arbitrarily from a default switch fabric. In this way, each chunk in real time is selected from a non-defective source and is thus guaranteed to be error free. Accordingly, if a switch fabric fails, no information chunks are lost anywhere in the system.

2. 发明授权

US06879559B1 Router line card protection using one-for-N redundancy 失效
标题翻译：路由器线卡保护采用一对一冗余
公开(公告)号：US06879559B1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-12
申请号：US09703043
申请日：2000-10-31
申请人： Harry C. Blackmon , Tony M. Brewer , Harold W. Dozier , Jim Kleiner , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw , David Traylor
发明人： Harry C. Blackmon , Tony M. Brewer , Harold W. Dozier , Jim Kleiner , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw , David Traylor
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04L1/22
CPC分类号： H04L45/28 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/583 , H04L49/552
摘要： Router line cards are partitioned, separating packet forwarding from external or internal interfaces and enabling multiple line cards to access any set of external or internal data paths. Any failed working line card can be switchably replaced by another line card. In particular, a serial bus structure on the interface side interconnects any interface port within a protection group with a protect line card for that group. Incremental capacity allows the protect line card to perform packet forward functions. Logical mapping of line card addressing and identification provides locally managed protection switching of a line card that is transparent to other router line cards and to all peer routers. One-for-N protection ratios, where N is some integer greater than two, can be achieved economically, yet provide sufficient capacity with acceptable protection switch time under 100 milliseconds. Alternatively, protect line cards can routinely carry low priority traffic that is interruptible, allowing the protect line card to handle higher priority traffic previously carried by a failed working line card. This approach renders unnecessary engineering a network for less than full capacity to allow rerouting in the event of individual line card failure. Consequently, all data paths can be fully utilized. If a particular interface module on one data bus needs removal for maintenance, a duplicate data bus is available intact, allowing hot replacement of any working or protect interface module, even while a line card protection switch is in effect.
摘要翻译：路由器线路卡被分区，将数据包转发与外部或内部接口分离，并允许多个线路卡访问任何一组外部或内部数据路径。任何失败的工作线卡都可以用另一个线卡替代。特别地，接口侧的串行总线结构将保护组内的任何接口端口与该组的保护线路卡相互连接。增量容量允许保护线路卡执行数据包转发功能。线卡寻址和识别的逻辑映射提供对其他路由器线路卡和所有对等路由器透明的线路卡的本地管理保护倒换。一个N保护比，其中N是一个大于2的整数，可以经济实现，但提供足够的容量和可接受的保护开关时间在100毫秒以下。或者，保护线路卡可以常规地携带可中断的低优先级业务，从而允许保护线路卡处理先前由故障工作线路卡携带的较高优先级的业务。这种方法使不必要的工程网络满足不足的容量，以允许在单独的线路卡故障的情况下重新路由。因此，可以充分利用所有数据路径。如果一个数据总线上的特定接口模块需要拆卸维护，则重复的数据总线可以完整使用，即使在线卡保护开关有效时，也可以热插拔任何工作或保护接口模块。

3. 发明授权

US07324500B1 Router network protection using multiple facility interfaces 失效
标题翻译：路由器网络保护使用多个设施接口
公开(公告)号：US07324500B1
公开(公告)日：2008-01-29
申请号：US09703027
申请日：2000-10-31
申请人： Harry C. Blackmon , Tony M. Brewer , Harold W. Dozier , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Gregory S. Palmer
发明人： Harry C. Blackmon , Tony M. Brewer , Harold W. Dozier , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Gregory S. Palmer
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/24 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/22 , H04L49/557
摘要： A router line card is partitioned to separate the packet forwarding functions from physical port interfacing. For each packet forwarding card, at least one redundant port interface is provided. Identical input packets are transmitted via these redundant input port interfaces, one of which is eventually selected based on, for example, SONET standard criteria. If there is a failure, the router selects the interface path that is operating properly and rejects the path containing a failed element. Thus, the router decides locally how to correct the problem internally. Moreover, following an equipment failure the now offline failed interface path can be replaced, while the equipment remains in service using the duplicated interface path. The system can be restored to full duplex operation without affecting the existing traffic, providing for a hot replacement of a failed path. Because the interfaces are separate, a failed module can be renewed and replaced while the equipment is in service. If a failure occurs in an interface card between two peer routers, then packets flow between the two routers uninterrupted from exactly the same previous ports on one router to the same previous ports on the second router, using the same Internet protocol addresses as existed prior to the switching.
摘要翻译：路由器线路卡被划分为将数据包转发功能与物理端口接口分开。对于每个分组转发卡，提供至少一个冗余端口接口。相同的输入数据包通过这些冗余输入端口接口进行传输，其中一个输入端口最终根据例如SONET标准标准进行选择。如果发生故障，则路由器选择正常运行的接口路径，并拒绝包含故障元素的路径。因此，路由器在本地决定如何在内部纠正问题。此外，在设备故障之后，现在离线失败的接口路径可以被替换，而设备使用复制的接口路径保持服务。系统可以恢复到全双工操作，而不影响现有流量，从而为故障路径进行热替换。由于接口是分开的，故障模块可以在设备投入使用时更新并更换。如果在两个对等路由器之间的接口卡中发生故障，则两台路由器之间的数据包将不间断地从一个路由器上的完全相同的以前的端口流向第二个路由器上相同的以前的端口，使用与之前存在的相同的Internet协议地址切换。

4. 发明授权

US08315175B2 Router switch fabric protection using forward error correction 有权
标题翻译：路由器交换矩阵保护采用前向纠错
公开(公告)号：US08315175B2
公开(公告)日：2012-11-20
申请号：US10981841
申请日：2004-11-05
申请人： Thomas C. McDermott, III , Harry C. Blackmon , Tony M. Brewer , Harold W. Dozier , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw , David Traylor , Dean E. Walker
发明人： Thomas C. McDermott, III , Harry C. Blackmon , Tony M. Brewer , Harold W. Dozier , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw , David Traylor , Dean E. Walker
IPC分类号： H04L12/26
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0005 , H04J2203/0057 , H04L49/1523 , H04L49/208 , H04L49/254 , H04L49/357 , H04L2012/5627 , H04Q11/0066 , H04Q2011/0043
摘要： Instead of alternatively utilizing only one fabric or the other fabric of a redundant pair, both fabrics simultaneously transmit duplicate information, such that each packet forwarding module (PFM) receives the output of both fabrics simultaneously. In real time, an internal optics module (IOM) analyzes each information chunk coming out of a working zero switch fabric; simultaneously examines a parallel output of a working one duplicate switch fabric; and compares on a chunk-by-chunk basis the validity of each and every chunk from both switch fabrics. The IOM does this by examining forward error correction (FEC) check symbols encapsulated into each chunk. FEC check symbols allow correcting a predetermined number of bit errors within a chunk. If the chunk cannot be corrected, then the IOM provides indication to all PFMs downstream that the chunk is defective. Under such conditions, the PFMs select a chunk from the non-defective switch fabric. Under error-free normal conditions, however, the PFMs select a chunk arbitrarily from a default switch fabric. In this way, each chunk in real time is selected from a non-defective source and is thus guaranteed to be error free. Accordingly, if a switch fabric fails, no information chunks are lost anywhere in the system.
摘要翻译：代替替代地仅使用冗余对的一个结构或另一个结构，两个结构同时发送重复信息，使得每个分组转发模块（PFM）同时接收两个结构的输出。实时地，内部光学模块（IOM）分析从工作的零交换结构出来的每个信息块; 同时检查工作的一个重复交换矩阵的并行输出; 并且以逐块为基础比较来自两个交换结构的每个块的有效性。 IOM通过检查封装到每个块中的前向纠错（FEC）校验符号来实现。 FEC检查符号允许校正块内的预定数量的位错误。如果块不能被纠正，则IOM向下游的所有PFM提供指示该块是有缺陷的。在这种情况下，PFM从无缺陷的交换结构中选择一个块。然而，在无错误的正常条件下，PFM从默认的交换结构中任意选择一个块。以这种方式，从无缺陷源选择实时的每个块，并且因此被保证是无错误的。因此，如果交换机结构发生故障，系统中的任何地方都不会丢失任何信息块。

5. 发明授权

US08279879B1 System and method for router data aggregation and delivery 失效
标题翻译：路由器数据汇总和传送的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US08279879B1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-02
申请号：US12563844
申请日：2009-09-21
申请人： Tony M. Brewer , Harry C. Blackmon , Chris Davies , Harold W. Dozier , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Steven J. Wallach , Dean E. Walker , Lou Yeh
发明人： Tony M. Brewer , Harry C. Blackmon , Chris Davies , Harold W. Dozier , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Steven J. Wallach , Dean E. Walker , Lou Yeh
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04J3/0605 , H04L1/004 , H04L1/0083
摘要： A chunk format for a large-scale, high data throughput router includes a preamble that allows each individual chunk to have clock and data recovery performed before the chunk data is retrieved. The format includes a chunk header that contains information specific to the entire chunk. A chunk according to the present format can contain multiple packet segments, with each segment having its own packet header for packet-specific information. The format provides for a scrambler seed which allows scrambling the data to achieve a favorable zero and one balance as well as minimal run lengths. There can be a random choice of available scrambler seeds for any particular chunk to avoid malicious forcing of zero and one patterns or run lengths of bit zeroes and ones. There are a chunk cyclical redundancy check (CRC) as well as forward error correction (FEC) bytes to detect and/or correct any errors and also to insure a high degree of data and control integrity. Advantageously, a framing symbol inserted into the chunk format itself allows the receiving circuitry to identify or locate a particular chunk format. “Break Bytes” and “Make Bytes” fields located at the beginning of a chunk preamble precondition an optical receiver to a proper state before the actual chunk arrives at the receiver.
摘要翻译：用于大规模，高数据吞吐量路由器的块格式包括前导码，其允许每个单独的块在检索块数据之前执行时钟和数据恢复。该格式包括一个包含特定于整个块的信息的块头。根据本格式的块可以包含多个分组段，每个段具有用于分组特定信息的其自己的分组报头。该格式提供加扰器种子，其允许加扰数据以获得良好的零和一个平衡以及最小的游程长度。可以随意选择任何特定块的可用扰码器种子，以避免恶意强制零和一种模式或运行长度的零位和零。有一个块循环冗余校验（CRC）以及前向纠错（FEC）字节来检测和/或校正任何错误，并且还能确保高度的数据和控制完整性。有利地，插入块格式本身的成帧符号允许接收电路识别或定位特定的块格式。位于块前导码开始处的Break Bytes和Make Byte字段将光接收器预先处理到在实际块到达接收机之前的适当状态。

6. 发明授权

US07613183B1 System and method for router data aggregation and delivery 有权
标题翻译：路由器数据汇总和传送的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07613183B1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-03
申请号：US09703038
申请日：2000-10-31
申请人： Tony M. Brewer , Harry C. Blackmon , Chris Davies , Harold W. Dozier , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Steven J. Wallach , Dean E. Walker , Lou Yeh
发明人： Tony M. Brewer , Harry C. Blackmon , Chris Davies , Harold W. Dozier , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Steven J. Wallach , Dean E. Walker , Lou Yeh
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04J3/0605 , H04L1/004 , H04L1/0083
摘要： A chunk format for a large-scale, high data throughput router includes a preamble that allows each individual chunk to have clock and data recovery performed before the chunk data is retrieved. The format includes a chunk header that contains information specific to the entire chunk. A chunk according to the present format can contain multiple packet segments, with each segment having its own packet header for packet-specific information. The format provides for a scrambler seed which allows scrambling the data to achieve a favorable zero and one balance as well as minimal run lengths. There are forward error correction (FEC) bytes as well as a chunk cyclical redundancy check (CRC) to detect and/or correct any errors and also to insure a high degree of data and control integrity. Advantageously, a framing symbol inserted into the chunk format itself allows the receiving circuitry to identify or locate a particular chunk format. “Break Bytes” and “Make Bytes” fields located at the beginning of a chunk preamble precondition an optical receiver to a proper state before the actual chunk arrives at the receiver.
摘要翻译：用于大规模，高数据吞吐量路由器的块格式包括前导码，其允许每个单独的块在检索块数据之前执行时钟和数据恢复。该格式包括一个包含特定于整个块的信息的块头。根据本格式的块可以包含多个分组段，每个段具有用于分组特定信息的其自己的分组报头。该格式提供加扰器种子，其允许加扰数据以获得良好的零和一个平衡以及最小的游程长度。存在前向纠错（FEC）字节以及块循环冗余校验（CRC）以检测和/或校正任何错误，并且还确保高度的数据和控制完整性。有利地，插入块格式本身的成帧符号允许接收电路识别或定位特定的块格式。在实际块到达接收机之前，将位于块前同步码开始处的“间隔字节”和“字节”字段将光接收器预处理到适当的状态。

7. 发明授权

US07058315B2 Fast decision threshold controller for burst-mode receiver 失效
公开(公告)号：US07058315B2
公开(公告)日：2006-06-06
申请号：US09974575
申请日：2001-10-09
申请人： Tony M. Brewer , Christopher P. Davies , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Allen F. Rozman
发明人： Tony M. Brewer , Christopher P. Davies , Thomas C. McDermott, III , Allen F. Rozman
IPC分类号： H04B3/20
CPC分类号： H04L25/062 , H04B10/695
摘要： A repetitive burst-mode input signal that has a dark time portion, a preamble portion, and a payload portion is converted into a limited output signal in accordance with a decision threshold level, which is controlled by selectively coupling an averaged value of the burst-mode data amplitude to the decision threshold level. The timing sequence for selectively coupling the averaged signal value is controlled such that the average value of the burst-mode signal acquired during the preamble portion of the burst-mode signal is applied to the decision threshold level during substantially all of the payload portion. The control circuit may incorporate a phase-locked loop, which locks onto the repetitive dark time frequency and in response synthesizes a switchable track enable signal that controls the timing sequence of the decision threshold level. The phase-locked loop can employ all-digital, analog, and/or hybrid digital/analog circuitry.

8. 发明授权

US07974208B2 System and method for router queue and congestion management 有权
标题翻译：路由器队列和拥塞管理的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07974208B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-05
申请号：US12777069
申请日：2010-05-10
申请人： Tony M. Brewer , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw
发明人： Tony M. Brewer , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04J1/16
CPC分类号： H04L47/32 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/24 , H04L49/3081 , H04L2012/5648 , H04L2012/5681 , H04Q11/0478
摘要： In a multi-QOS level queuing structure, packet payload pointers are stored in multiple queues and packet payloads in a common memory pool. Algorithms control the drop probability of packets entering the queuing structure. Instantaneous drop probabilities are obtained by comparing measured instantaneous queue size with calculated minimum and maximum queue sizes. Non-utilized common memory space is allocated simultaneously to all queues. Time averaged drop probabilities follow a traditional Weighted Random Early Discard mechanism. Algorithms are adapted to a multi-level QOS structure, floating point format, and hardware implementation. Packet flow from a router egress queuing structure into a single egress port tributary is controlled by an arbitration algorithm using a rate metering mechanism. The queuing structure is replicated for each egress tributary in the router system.
摘要翻译：在多QOS级别排队结构中，分组有效载荷指针被存储在公共存储器池中的多个队列和分组有效载荷中。算法控制进入排队结构的数据包的丢弃概率。通过将测量的瞬时队列大小与计算的最小和最大队列大小进行比较，可以获得瞬时丢弃概率。未使用的公共存储器空间被同时分配给所有队列。时间平均丢失概率遵循传统的加权随机早期丢弃机制。算法适用于多级QOS结构，浮点格式和硬件实现。从路由器出口排队结构到单个出口端口支路的分组流由使用速率计量机制的仲裁算法控制。对路由器系统中的每个出口支路进行排队结构的复制。

9. 发明授权

US07002980B1 System and method for router queue and congestion management 有权
公开(公告)号：US07002980B1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-21
申请号：US09740923
申请日：2000-12-19
申请人： Tony M. Brewer , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw
发明人： Tony M. Brewer , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw
IPC分类号： H04L12/28
CPC分类号： H04L47/32 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/24 , H04L49/3081 , H04L2012/5648 , H04L2012/5681 , H04Q11/0478
摘要： In a multi-QOS level queuing structure, packet payload pointers are stored in multiple queues and packet payloads in a common memory pool. Algorithms control the drop probability of packets entering the queuing structure. Instantaneous drop probabilities are obtained by comparing measured instantaneous queue size with calculated minimum and maximum queue sizes. Non-utilized common memory space is allocated simultaneously to all queues. Time averaged drop probabilities follow a traditional Weighted Random Early Discard mechanism. Algorithms are adapted to a multi-level QOS structure, floating point format, and hardware implementation. Packet flow from a router egress queuing structure into a single egress port tributary is controlled by an arbitration algorithm using a rate metering mechanism. The queuing structure is replicated for each egress tributary in the router system.

10. 发明申请

US20100220742A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ROUTER QUEUE AND CONGESTION MANAGEMENT 有权
标题翻译：路由器队列和控制管理系统与方法
公开(公告)号：US20100220742A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-02
申请号：US12777069
申请日：2010-05-10
申请人： Tony M. Brewer , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw
发明人： Tony M. Brewer , Jim Kleiner , Gregory S. Palmer , Keith W. Shaw
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L47/32 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/24 , H04L49/3081 , H04L2012/5648 , H04L2012/5681 , H04Q11/0478
摘要： In a multi-QOS level queuing structure, packet payload pointers are stored in multiple queues and packet payloads in a common memory pool. Algorithms control the drop probability of packets entering the queuing structure. Instantaneous drop probabilities are obtained by comparing measured instantaneous queue size with calculated minimum and maximum queue sizes. Non-utilized common memory space is allocated simultaneously to all queues. Time averaged drop probabilities follow a traditional Weighted Random Early Discard mechanism. Algorithms are adapted to a multi-level QOS structure, floating point format, and hardware implementation. Packet flow from a router egress queuing structure into a single egress port tributary is controlled by an arbitration algorithm using a rate metering mechanism. The queuing structure is replicated for each egress tributary in the router system.
摘要翻译：在多QOS级别排队结构中，分组有效载荷指针被存储在公共存储器池中的多个队列和分组有效载荷中。算法控制进入排队结构的数据包的丢弃概率。通过将测量的瞬时队列大小与计算的最小和最大队列大小进行比较，可以获得瞬时丢弃概率。未使用的公共存储器空间被同时分配给所有队列。时间平均丢失概率遵循传统的加权随机早期丢弃机制。算法适用于多级QOS结构，浮点格式和硬件实现。从路由器出口排队结构到单个出口端口支路的分组流由使用速率计量机制的仲裁算法控制。对路由器系统中的每个出口支路进行排队结构的复制。

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