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1. 发明授权

US4737676A Transducer with a flexible piezoelectric layer as a sensor element 失效
标题翻译：具有柔性压电层的传感器作为传感器元件
公开(公告)号：US4737676A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-12
申请号：US942783
申请日：1986-12-17
申请人： Gunter Engel , Peter W. Krempl , Klaus-Christoph Harms , Helmut List
发明人： Gunter Engel , Peter W. Krempl , Klaus-Christoph Harms , Helmut List
IPC分类号： H01L41/08 , G01L1/16 , G01L9/08 , H01L41/113
CPC分类号： H01L41/1132
摘要： A transducer comprising a flexible piezoelectric layer as a sensor element for measuring mechanical quantities in hollow bodies, above all pressures in pipes, the opposite sides of this layer being bonded to electrically-conductive contact layers and being connectable via leads to a display and evaluation unit. In order to achieve a high temperature stability in such transducers and to make them suitable for use at temperatures exceeding 80.degree. C., the piezoelectric layer is proposed to consist of wurtzite or sphalerite. One of the electrically-conductive contact layers can be of some heat-resistant, flexible supporting material, for instance flexible metal foil, such as Cu-Be foil, or a sheet of plastic, one or both of whose sides are metallized, and the other electrically-conductive contact layer can be a metal coating applied by evaporation.
摘要翻译：一种传感器，包括柔性压电层作为用于测量中空体中的机械量的传感器元件，高于管道中的所有压力，该层的相对侧被粘合到导电接触层并且可通过导线连接到显示器和评估单元。为了在这种换能器中实现高温稳定性并使其适合于在超过80℃的温度下使用，压电层被提出由纤锌矿或闪锌矿组成。导电接触层中的一个可以是一些耐热柔性的支撑材料，例如柔性金属箔，例如Cu-Be箔，或一块塑料，其一面或两面被金属化，以及其它导电接触层可以是通过蒸发施加的金属涂层。

2. 发明授权

US4902926A Piezoelectric measuring element 失效
标题翻译：压电测量元件
公开(公告)号：US4902926A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-20
申请号：US269594
申请日：1988-11-10
申请人： Gunter Engel , Peter W. Krempl , Helmut List
发明人： Gunter Engel , Peter W. Krempl , Helmut List
IPC分类号： H01L41/113 , H01L41/18
CPC分类号： H01L41/1132 , H01L41/18
摘要： In piecoelectric measuring elements comprising two or more crystal elements that are jointly subject to the mechanical variable to be measured and are provided with electrically conductive electrodes on opposite surfaces located essentially normal to the electric (x) axes of these crystal elements, disadvantages arising from shearing stresses can be prevented by using crystal elements (2) from crystals of point group 32, in which exist two opposite types of enantiomorphism, l and r, in which part of the crystal elements used belong to one of the two enantiomorphic types l or r, and have one of the two absolute orientations of the x-axis, .alpha..sub.1 or .alpha..sub.2, while the remaining crystal elements belong to the opposite enantiomorphic type and have the opposite orientation of the x-axis.
摘要翻译：在包含两个或更多个晶体元件的拼接测量元件中，所述晶体元件共同经受待测量的机械变量，并且在基本垂直于这些晶体元件的电（x）轴的相对表面上设置有导电电极，其剪切产生的缺点通过使用由点组32的晶体构成的晶体元素（2）可以防止应力，其中存在两种相反类型的对映体，l和r，其中使用的部分晶体元素属于两种对映体类型l或r中的一种，并且具有x轴，α1或α2的两个绝对取向中的一个，而剩余的晶体元素属于相反的对映型并且具有相反的x轴取向。

3. 发明授权

US4881003A Method and device for reducing the water content in piezoelectric GAPO.sub. 4 失效
标题翻译：用于降低压电GAPO4晶体元素和所产生的晶体元素的含水量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4881003A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US269794
申请日：1988-11-10
申请人： Gunter Engel , Peter W. Krempl , Helmut List , Uwe Posch , Alfred Nitsch
发明人： Gunter Engel , Peter W. Krempl , Helmut List , Uwe Posch , Alfred Nitsch
IPC分类号： C30B29/14 , B01D12/00 , C30B7/00 , C30B33/00 , H01L41/24
CPC分类号： C30B7/00 , C30B29/14 , C30B33/00
摘要： In order to reduce the water content in piezoelectric GaPO.sub.4 crystal elements the proposal is put forward that each GaPO.sub.4 crystal element should be cut in its entirety from one uniform growth zone of a GaPO.sub.4 raw crystal bar and should not contain any zone boundaries, and that the piezoelectric GaPO.sub.4 crystal elements should be treated with a dehydrating solution, until an infrared coefficient of .alpha.
摘要翻译：为了降低压电GaPO4晶体元素的含水量，提出了每个GaPO4晶体元素应该从GaPO4原始晶体棒的一个均匀生长区域全部切割，并且不应包含任何区域边界，并且应用脱水溶液处理压电GaPO4晶体元件，直到在2.0μm附近的波长处获得α<1.5cm -1的红外系数。

4. 发明授权

US5220836A Method and arrangement for piezoelectric measurement 失效
标题翻译：压电测量的方法和布置
公开(公告)号：US5220836A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-22
申请号：US613806
申请日：1990-12-26
申请人： Klaus-Christoph Harms , Peter W. Krempl , Joseph Moik
发明人： Klaus-Christoph Harms , Peter W. Krempl , Joseph Moik
IPC分类号： G01D5/243 , G01L1/10 , G01L1/16 , G01L9/00 , G01L9/08
CPC分类号： G01L1/162 , G01L1/16 , G01L9/0022 , G01L9/08 , Y10S73/04
摘要： A sensor containing at least one piezoelectric transducer element is operated via a common, single signal line in both possible operating modes--first, at low frequencies as a measuring element for a mechanical quantity upon utilization of the direct piezoeffect and, second, at higher frequencies as a piezoelectric resonator upon utilization of the inverse piezoeffect for electrical excitation of mechanical oscillations and of the direct piezoeffect for generating the piezoelectric reaction. A high-frequency signal (u.sup.HF, u.sub.F) that describes the resonant characteristic and a lower-frequency signal (u.sub.NF, u.sub.Q) that describes the mechanical influence are generated from the measured signal on the signal line. The faultless function of the sensor together with the appertaining measuring amplifier, for example, can thus be monitored immediately during a measurement with the sensor or a simultaneous measurement of two different quantities can be undertaken.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / AT90 / 00033 Sec。 371日期1990年12月26日第 102（e）日期1990年12月26日PCT 1990年4月18日提交PCT公布。 WO90 / 13010PC PCT出版物日期：1990年11月1日。包含至少一个压电换能器元件的传感器在两种可能的操作模式中通过公共的单个信号线进行操作 - 首先在低频下作为用于直接压电效应时机械量的测量元件以及第二，在利用用于机械振荡的电激发的反向压电效应和用于产生压电反应的直接压电效应的压电谐振器的较高频率下。从信号线上的测量信号产生描述谐振特性的高频信号（uHF，uF）和描述机械影响的低频信号（uNF，uQ）。因此，可以在使用传感器进行测量期间立即监测传感器与相关测量放大器的无故障功能，或者可以进行两个不同数量的同时测量。

5. 发明授权

US5098673A Apparatus for growing homogeneous crystals 失效
标题翻译：用于生长均质晶体的装置
公开(公告)号：US5098673A
公开(公告)日：1992-03-24
申请号：US511701
申请日：1990-04-20
申请人： Gunter Engel , Alfred Enko , Peter W. Krempl , Uwe Posch
发明人： Gunter Engel , Alfred Enko , Peter W. Krempl , Uwe Posch
IPC分类号： C30B7/10 , C01B25/37 , C30B7/00
CPC分类号： C30B7/00 , C30B29/10 , C30B29/14 , Y10T117/1096
摘要： In order to prevent crystal seeds with retrograde solubility from dissolving in the hydrothermal growing solution at the beginning of the growing process, and to protect the finished crystal at the end of the growing process, and in order to reach the thermodynamic growth equilibrium as soon as possible, the proposal is put forward that the growing solution be prepared, pre-saturated and pre-heated to a temperature close to saturation temperature outside of the growing tank, and that, for the growing process proper, the hot growing solution be added to the pre-heated growing tank provided with crystal seeds, where it should be further heated to a temperature at which the crystals start growing, and, further, that the hot growing solution be quickly removed from the growing tank as soon as the growing process has been completed.

6. 发明授权

US4946545A Method of growing homogeneous crystals 失效
标题翻译：均匀晶体生长方法
公开(公告)号：US4946545A
公开(公告)日：1990-08-07
申请号：US238580
申请日：1988-08-31
申请人： Gunter Engel , Alfred Enko , Peter W. Krempl , Uwe Posch
发明人： Gunter Engel , Alfred Enko , Peter W. Krempl , Uwe Posch
IPC分类号： C30B7/10 , C01B25/37 , C30B7/00
CPC分类号： C30B7/00 , C30B29/10 , C30B29/14 , Y10T117/1096
摘要： In order to prevent crystal seeds with retrograde solubility from dissolving in the hydrothermal growing solution at the beginning of the growing process, and to protect the finished crystal at the end of the growing process, and in order to reach the thermodynamic growth equilibrium as soon as possible, the proposal is put forward that the growing solution be prepared, pre-saturated and pre-heated to a temperature close to saturation temperature outside of the growing tank, and that, for the growing process proper, the hot growing solution be added to the pre-heated growing tank provided with crystal seeds, where it should be further heated to a temperature at which the crystals start growing, and, further, that the hot growing solution be quickly removed from the growing tank as soon as the growing process has been completed.
摘要翻译：为了在生长过程开始时防止具有逆向溶解度的晶体种子溶解在水热生长溶液中，并且在生长过程结束时保护成品晶体，并且为了达到热力学生长平衡可能的是，提出了将生长的溶液制备，预饱和并预加热至生长罐外部接近饱和温度的温度，并且对于生长过程适当，将热生长溶液加入预加热的生长槽具有晶种，其中应进一步将其加热至晶体开始生长的温度，此外，一旦生长过程具有热生长溶液即可快速从生长槽中移出已经完成

7. 发明授权

US4953390A Method and a device for measuring the air/fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine 失效
标题翻译：用于测量内燃机的空燃比的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4953390A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-04
申请号：US351215
申请日：1989-05-15
申请人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler , Erich J. Schiefer
发明人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler , Erich J. Schiefer
IPC分类号： G01M15/10 , G01N21/3504 , G01N21/3554 , G01N21/3563
CPC分类号： G01M15/108 , G01N21/3504 , G01N21/3554 , G01N21/3563 , G01N2201/128
摘要： A method and device for delay-free measurement of the air/fuel ratio of combustion systems, especially internal combustion engines, by measuring individual components of the fuel, the ambient air used for fuel combustion, and the exhaust gas, wherein the water vapor concentrations of the exhaust gas and, preferably, the ambient air or the gas supplied for fuel combustion are measured, and wherein the air/fuel ratio are computed by the obtained values and data on fuel composition.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过测量燃料的单独部件，用于燃料燃烧的环境空气和废气来对燃烧系统，特别是内燃机的空气/燃料比进行无时间测量的方法和装置，其中水蒸汽浓度并且优选地，测量用于燃料燃烧供给的环境空气或气体，并且其中通过获得的值和关于燃料组成的数据来计算空气/燃料比。

8. 发明授权

US4525627A Method and device for continuous measurement of the mass of aerosol particles in gaseous samples 失效
标题翻译：用于连续测量气态样品中气溶胶粒子质量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4525627A
公开(公告)日：1985-06-25
申请号：US491553
申请日：1983-05-04
申请人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler
发明人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Schindler
IPC分类号： G01N21/59 , G01N15/06 , G01N21/3504 , G01N21/53 , G01J3/42 , G01N21/21
CPC分类号： G01N21/3504 , G01N21/534 , G01N15/06
摘要： A gaseous sample and a reference volume are traversed by electromagnetic iation and the absorption caused by the sample, as given by the difference between the radiation intensities after passage through the sample and the reference volume, is measured and used as a measurement value.By means of radiation of a wavelength in the range between 3.8 and 4.15 .mu.m, the specific mass of particles characterized by broadband absorption--especially graphitic particles--is determined; by means of radiation of a frequency band centered in the wavelength range of 3.35 to 3.5 .mu.m, whose 3 dB bandwidth does not exceed 0.3 .mu.m, the specific total mass of aerosol particles is determined, and by the additional measurement of the resonance absorption at a wavelength in the range of 3.35 to 3.5 .mu.m the percentages of both graphitic and organically soluble particles are determined separately.In a device for the implementation of the method a beam splitter transmits the radiation of a common radiation source to the sample and the reference volume; by means of a deflection unit the partial beams are reunited and transmitted to an evaluation unit in front of a common detector. With the aid of two transparent plates with parallel faces which are inclined against the incident beam at the Brewster angle, and are inserted in the beam splitter and in the deflection unit, the partial beams are polarized differently; as selector unit a rotatable polarization analyzer is used.
摘要翻译：气体样品和参考体积通过电磁辐射穿过，并且由样品引起的吸收（通过样品通过后的辐射强度与参考体积之间的差）给出的吸收被测量并用作测量值。通过在3.8和4.15μm之间的波长的辐射，确定特征为宽带吸收的特定质量 - 特别是石墨颗粒 - 通过以3.35〜3.5μm的波长范围为中心的频带的辐射，其3dB带宽不超过0.3μm，确定气溶胶颗粒的特定总质量，并且通过附加测量共振吸收在3.35〜3.5μm的波长范围内分别测定石墨和有机可溶性颗粒的百分比。在用于实现该方法的装置中，分束器将普通辐射源的辐射传递到样品和参考体积; 通过偏转单元，部分光束被聚合并传送到在公共检测器前面的评估单元。借助于具有平行面的两个透明板，它们以布鲁斯特角倾斜入射光束，并插入分束器和偏转单元中，部分光束被不同地极化; 作为选择器单元，使用可旋转偏振分析器。

9. 发明授权

US06786075B2 Method for the measurement of aerosol particles in gaseous samples 失效
标题翻译：气态样品中气溶胶颗粒测量方法
公开(公告)号：US06786075B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-07
申请号：US10124677
申请日：2002-04-17
申请人： Friedrich Radke , Peter W. Krempl , Christian Reiter
发明人： Friedrich Radke , Peter W. Krempl , Christian Reiter
IPC分类号： G01N2902
CPC分类号： G01N29/222 , G01N1/2202 , G01N1/2214 , G01N1/2252 , G01N5/02 , G01N15/0656 , G01N29/036 , G01N2001/2833 , G01N2291/02408
摘要： A process to determine aerosol particles in gaseous samples, specifically in the exhaust of diesel motors, includes the at least indirect deposit of aerosol particles on a piezoelectric oscillating crystal and the determination of the oscillation parameters of the piezoelectrically stimulated oscillation of the crystal. In order to assure the required reproducibility reliably and independently of the type of aerosol particles, and thus to achieve a high quality of measurements, the piezoelectric crystal is charged to oscillation during less than half the period of deposit of aerosol particles.
摘要翻译：确定气态样品中气溶胶颗粒（特别是柴油发动机排气）中的气溶胶颗粒的方法包括将气溶胶颗粒至少间接沉积在压电振荡晶体上，以及确定晶体的压电激发振荡的振荡参数。为了可靠地且独立于气溶胶颗粒的类型确保所需的再现性，并且因此为了获得高质量的测量，压电晶体在不到一小部分气溶胶颗粒沉积期间被充电至振荡。

10. 发明授权

US5440188A Piezoelectric crystal element 失效
标题翻译：压电晶体元件
公开(公告)号：US5440188A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-08
申请号：US276353
申请日：1994-07-15
申请人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Wallnofer
发明人： Peter W. Krempl , Wolfgang Wallnofer
IPC分类号： H04R17/00 , H01L41/08 , H03H9/02 , H03H9/25 , H01L41/04
CPC分类号： H03H9/02574
摘要： A piezoelectric crystal element for surface acoustic wave applications with a quartz substrate with at least one substantially planar quartz surface, the planar quartz surface having an epitaxially grown layer of a quartz-isomorphous crystal with the total molecular formula ABO.sub.4, A standing for Al or Ga, and B for P or As, and the quartz surface and the epitaxial layer having approximately the same crystallographic orientation.
摘要翻译：一种用于表面声波应用的压电晶体元件，其具有至少一个基本上平面的石英表面的石英衬底，所述平面石英表面具有总共分子式ABO4，A表示Al或Ga的石英同晶体的外延生长层，B为P或As，石英表面和外延层具有大致相同的晶体取向。

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