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    • 4. 发明申请
    • Apparatus and Methods for Treating Sleep Apnea
    • 用于治疗睡眠呼吸暂停的装置和方法
    • US20080035158A1
    • 2008-02-14
    • US11774528
    • 2007-07-06
    • D. PfluegerChristopher Thompson
    • D. PfluegerChristopher Thompson
    • A62B7/00
    • A61F5/566A61F2/00A61F2/203A61F2/82A61F2002/046Y10S602/902
    • Apparatus and methods are provided for treating sleep apnea, snoring, and the like using an implant within an oropharyngeal region adjacent an anterior longitudinal ligament. The implant includes an endless loop defining a curved central region between first and second regions in a horizontal plane. The central region is vertically narrow relative to the first and second regions, and the first and second regions are compressible vertically to allow the first region to be directed through or behind the ligament adjacent the oropharyngeal region such that the central region is disposed within or behind the ligament. The first region is resiliently expandable after passing through or behind the ligament to contact tissue adjacent the oropharyngeal region. The first and second regions are compressible into a “C” shape within the horizontal plane, yet biased to expand and apply a force to dilate the tissue adjacent the oropharyngeal region.
    • 提供了使用邻近前纵韧带的口咽部区域内的植入物来治疗睡眠呼吸暂停,打鼾等的装置和方法。 植入物包括在水平面中限定第一和第二区域之间的弯曲中心区域的无限循环。 中心区域相对于第一和第二区域是垂直窄的,并且第一和第二区域是可垂直压缩的,以允许第一区域被引导通过毗邻口咽区域的韧带中或后面,使得中心区域位于或后面 韧带。 第一区域在通过或穿过韧带后可弹性膨胀以接触邻近口咽区域的组织。 第一和第二区域在水平面内可压缩成“C”形,但是被偏压以膨胀并且施加力以扩张毗邻口咽部区域的组织。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Using ranked translation choices to obtain sequences indicating meaning of multi-token expressions
    • 使用排名的翻译选项来获取表示多令牌表达式的含义的序列
    • US06393389B1
    • 2002-05-21
    • US09401682
    • 1999-09-23
    • Jean-Pierre ChanodFrédérique SegondChristopher Thompson
    • Jean-Pierre ChanodFrédérique SegondChristopher Thompson
    • G06F1728
    • G06F17/271G06F17/2775G06F17/2818
    • To provide information about the meaning of a multi-token expression in a first language, where the information is understandable in a second language, subexpressions are obtained, such as tokens, chunks, and sentences. The multi-token expression could, for example, be a sentence or an input text with more than one sentence. Translation choices are obtained in the second language for a set of the subexpressions. A subset of the translation choices of a subexpression are ranked, and the ranked translation choices are used to produce a sequence of translation choices for the multi-token expression as a whole. Information is then presented to a user about the sequence of translation choices, indicating in the second language the meaning of the multi-token expression. Translation choices can be ranked based on syntactic or semantic context, based on translation source, based on confidence levels, based on how each was obtained, in accordance with a user-selected process, and so forth. Information about the sequence can be presented through a paper or display-based user interface. In response to user signals, additional translation choices can be presented or other modifications can be made. A user-requested change in ranking can propagate to similar subexpressions in the multi-word expression or, through rules or weighted confidence levels, to similar subexpressions in subsequent multi-word expressions.
    • 为了提供关于第一语言的多令牌表达式的含义的信息,其中信息以第二语言是可理解的,则获得子表达式,例如令牌,块和句子。 多令牌表达式可以例如是具有多于一个句子的句子或输入文本。 对于一组子表达式,以第二语言获得翻译选择。 对子表达式的翻译选择的子集进行排序,并且排序的翻译选择被用于为整体上的多令牌表达式产生一系列的翻译选择。 然后将信息呈现给用户关于翻译选择的顺序,以第二语言表示多令牌表达式的含义。 翻译选择可以基于句法或语义上下文,基于翻译源,基于置信水平,基于如何获得每个,根据用户选择的过程等等。 有关序列的信息可以通过纸张或基于显示的用户界面来呈现。 响应于用户信号,可以呈现额外的翻译选择或者可以进行其他修改。 用户请求的排序更改可以传播到多字表达式中的类似子表达式,或者通过规则或加权置信水平传播到后续多字表达式中的类似子表达式。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Glycosylation method
    • 糖基化方法
    • US06388059B1
    • 2002-05-14
    • US09353373
    • 1999-07-14
    • Daniel KahneJeff GildersleeveChristopher ThompsonMin Ge
    • Daniel KahneJeff GildersleeveChristopher ThompsonMin Ge
    • C07M100
    • C07H15/18C07H5/10C07H11/00C07H15/203
    • A method for forming a glycosidic linkage by: (a) contacting a glycoside bearing an anomeric sulfoxide group with a compound bearing a free hydroxyl group in the presence of an organic acid anhydride and a scavenger of sulfenyl esters; and (b) allowing a glycosylation reaction to proceed under conditions effective to produce the glycosidic linkage. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the glycoside bearing an anomeric sulfoxide group is added to a mixture of the other reactants. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, a Lewis acid is also present in the reaction mixture. This invention is further directed to a method for forming a glycosidic linkage by: (a) forming a solution comprising: a compound bearing a free hydroxyl group, and an organic acid anhydride; (b) adding to the solution a glycoside bearing an anomeric sulfoxide group; and (c) allowing a glycosylation reaction to proceed under conditions effective to produce the glycosidic linkage. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a Lewis acid is present in the solution.
    • 通过以下步骤形成糖苷键的方法:(a)在有机酸酐和亚磺酰基酯的清除剂存在下,使含有异头亚烷基的糖苷与具有游离羟基的化合物接触; 和(b)允许糖基化反应在有效产生糖苷键的条件下进行。 在本发明的优选实施方案中,将含有异头亚烷基基团的糖苷加入到其它反应物的混合物中。 在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中,路易斯酸也存在于反应混合物中。本发明还涉及通过以下方法形成糖苷键的方法:(a)形成溶液,其包含:具有游离羟基的化合物, 和有机酸酐; (b)向溶液中加入带有异头亚烷基的糖苷; 和(c)允许糖基化反应在有效产生糖苷键的条件下进行。 在本发明的优选实施方案中,路易斯酸存在于溶液中。