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1. 发明授权

US5247036A Non-crosslinked polymers, containing reactive double bonds, of fluorinated monomers and alkenyl (iso)-cyanurates 失效
标题翻译：非交联聚合物，含有反应性双重债券，氟化单体和烷基（ISO）-CYANURATES
公开(公告)号：US5247036A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-21
申请号：US798473
申请日：1991-11-26
申请人： Ralf Kruger , Karl-Erwin Piejko , Gerhard Langstein
发明人： Ralf Kruger , Karl-Erwin Piejko , Gerhard Langstein
IPC分类号： C08F2/38 , C08F14/18 , C08F16/14 , C08F26/00 , C08F214/18 , C08F216/14 , C08F226/06
CPC分类号： C08F214/186
摘要： The title compounds contain one or more fluorinated monomers and alkenyl isocyanurates and/or alkenyl cyanurates of the formulae ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another denote C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl having a terminal double bond andR.sup.3 and R.sup.6 independently of one another denote C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl having a terminal double bond or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl.The alkenyl (iso)cyanurates (I) and (II) are contained in the copolymers in an amount of 0.1-5 mol %. based on the number of moles of all the comonomers. The fluorinated monomers can also be partly replaced by comonomers which do not contain fluorine.The title compounds can be crosslinked after shaping and can then be used as elastic or dimensionally stable shaped articles.
摘要翻译：标题化合物含有一种或多种氟化单体和式（I）（II）的烯基异氰脲酸酯和/或烯基氰脲酸酯，其中R 1，R 2，R 4和R 5彼此独立地表示C 3 -C 6 - 烯基具有末端双键，R3和R6彼此独立地表示具有末端双键或C1-C5-烷基的C3-C6-烯基。烯丙基（iso）氰脲酸酯（I）和（II）以0.1-5mol％的量包含在共聚物中。基于所有共聚单体的摩尔数。氟化单体也可部分被不含氟的共聚单体所取代。标题化合物可以在成型后交联，然后可以用作弹性或尺寸稳定的成形制品。

2. 发明授权

US5214115A Uncrosslinked copolymers containing reactive double bonds of fluorine monomers and unconjugated dienes and a process for their production 失效
标题翻译：包含荧光单体和不连续二氧化碳的反应双重债券的非交换性共聚物及其生产过程
公开(公告)号：US5214115A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-25
申请号：US874931
申请日：1992-04-28
申请人： Gerhard Langstein , Ralf Kruger , Karl-Erwin Piejko
发明人： Gerhard Langstein , Ralf Kruger , Karl-Erwin Piejko
IPC分类号： C08F210/00 , C08F10/14 , C08F14/18 , C08F16/14 , C08F18/02 , C08F214/18 , C08F216/14 , C08F218/04
CPC分类号： C08F214/186
摘要： An uncrosslinked copolymer of comonomers (a), (b) and (c) and containing reactive double bonds, the comonomers based on the total mols of (a), (b) and (c) comprising(a) 45 to 99.9 mol-% of at least one ethylene containing 1 to 4 fluorine atoms,(b) 0 to 54.9 mol-% of at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of(b1) a linear or branched C.sub.3-8 alkene containing at least one fluorine atom,(b2) an alkyl vinyl ether containing at least one fluorine atom,(b3) an open-chain or cyclic C.sub.3-6 ketone containing fluorinated .alpha.,.alpha.'-positions and(b4) non-fluorinated C.sub.2-4 alkene, C.sub.3-6 alkyl vinyl ether or C.sub.4-6 vinyl ester, and(c) 0.1 to 5 mol-% of at least one unconjugated diene. They are produced by radical polymerization. Because of the absence of bromine and/or iodine, during subsequent peroxidic cross-linking no toxic alkyl bromide and/or iodide is released.
摘要翻译：共聚单体（a），（b）和（c）的未交联共聚物并含有反应性双键，基于（a），（b）和（c）的总摩尔数的共聚单体包含（a）45至99.9mol- 至少一种含有1至4个氟原子的乙烯的％，（b）0至54.9mol％的至少一种选自（b1）含有至少一个氟原子的直链或支链C 3-8烯烃的共聚单体，（b2）含有至少一个氟原子的烷基乙烯基醚，（b3）含氟化α，α'-位和（b4）非氟化C 2-4烯烃的开链或环状C 3-6酮， 6烷基乙烯基醚或C 4-6乙烯基酯，和（c）0.1至5mol％的至少一种非共轭二烯。它们是通过自由基聚合制成的。由于不存在溴和/或碘，在随后的过氧化物交联过程中，没有毒性的烷基溴和/或碘化物被释放。

3. 发明授权

US5426165A Thermoplastic fluorocopolymers and the fluoromonomers used for their preparation 失效
标题翻译：用于制备的热塑性氟共聚物和氟单体
公开(公告)号：US5426165A
公开(公告)日：1995-06-20
申请号：US240770
申请日：1994-05-12
申请人： Ralf Kruger , Karl-Erwin Piejko , Michael Negele , Ulrich Eisele , Albrecht Marhold
发明人： Ralf Kruger , Karl-Erwin Piejko , Michael Negele , Ulrich Eisele , Albrecht Marhold
IPC分类号： C07C41/18 , C07C43/17 , C08F14/18 , C08F16/14 , C08F214/18 , C08F216/14 , C08F216/16
CPC分类号： C08F214/184
摘要： The present invention relates to fluoropolymers with improved temperature resistance and dimensional stability in the heat based on fluoroethylenes, using perfluoro-(cycloalkyl-vinyl ethers) and optionally other monomers as comonomers. The invention also relates to the perfluor-(cycloalkyl-vinyl ethers) which impart the advantageous thermal properties to the fluoropolymers according to the invention.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP92 / 02557 Sec。 371日期：1994年5月12日 102（e）日期1994年5月12日PCT提交1992年11月6日PCT公布。出版物WO93 / 10160 日本5月27日。本发明涉及使用全氟 - （环烷基 - 乙烯基醚）和任选的其它单体作为共聚单体的基于氟乙烯的耐热性和热稳定性的含氟聚合物。本发明还涉及赋予根据本发明的含氟聚合物有利的热性质的全氟 - （环烷基 - 乙烯基醚）。

4. 发明授权

US5227441A Preparation of fluoropolymers containing masked phenol groups 失效
标题翻译：含有苯酚基团的氟聚合物的制备
公开(公告)号：US5227441A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-13
申请号：US945554
申请日：1992-09-16
申请人： Ralf Kruger , Holger Lutjens , Karl-Erwin Piejko
发明人： Ralf Kruger , Holger Lutjens , Karl-Erwin Piejko
IPC分类号： C08F8/12 , C08F2/16 , C08F2/22 , C08F14/18 , C08F214/18
CPC分类号： C08F214/186
摘要： Copolymers of fluoroethylenes and masked phenols of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,which may be further ring substituted and in which X is OY or ##STR2## Y is Si(R.sup.3).sub.3, ##STR3## R.sup.3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl.
摘要翻译：氟化乙烯和式IMAMA的掩蔽酚的共聚物，其中R 1是H，可以进一步被环取代并且X是OY或Y的Y是C 1 -C 3烷基， R3是烷基，环烷基或芳基。

5. 发明申请

US20060012861A1 Ergotube and inverted microscope having an ergotube 审中-公开
标题翻译：具有ergotube的Ergotube和倒置显微镜
公开(公告)号：US20060012861A1
公开(公告)日：2006-01-19
申请号：US11181451
申请日：2005-07-14
申请人： Peter Euteneuer , Ralf Kruger
发明人： Peter Euteneuer , Ralf Kruger
IPC分类号： G02B21/00 , G02B21/20
CPC分类号： G02B21/20 , G02B21/0088 , G02B21/24
摘要： An inverted microscope (1) equipped with an ergotube (9) is disclosed. The ergotube (9) substantially comprises an eyepiece (9a) and a tube housing (9b). The microscope beam path (30) defined by the inverted microscope (1) is of U-shaped configuration. The U-shaped microscope beam path (30) is deflected into the eyepiece (9a) by a single deflection element (74) that is embodied as a pivotable mirror.
摘要翻译：公开了配备有麦角（9）的倒置显微镜（1）。麦克风（9）基本上包括目镜（9a）和管壳（9b）。由倒置显微镜（1）限定的显微镜光路（30）为U形。 U型显微镜光束路径（30）通过体现为可枢转镜的单个偏转元件（74）偏转到目镜（9a）中。

6. 发明授权

US5648566A Methyleneperfluorocycloalkanes and their use in the production of thermoplastic fluororesins 失效
标题翻译：亚甲基氟环烷烃及其在生产热塑性氟树脂中的应用
公开(公告)号：US5648566A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-15
申请号：US446618
申请日：1995-05-31
申请人： Ralf Kruger , Michael Negele , Norbert Lui , Albrecht Marhold
发明人： Ralf Kruger , Michael Negele , Norbert Lui , Albrecht Marhold
IPC分类号： C07C17/263 , C07C17/26 , C07C23/06 , C07C23/08 , C07C23/10 , C08F10/00 , C08F14/18 , C08F14/20 , C08F14/22 , C08F16/02 , C08F210/02 , C08F214/18 , C08F214/20 , C08F214/22 , C08F216/06 , C08F218/02 , C08F218/08 , C07C17/02
CPC分类号： C07C17/263 , C07C23/06 , C07C23/08 , C07C23/10 , C08F214/182
摘要： Monomers of the formula (I) (for example, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-octafluoromethylenecyclopentane) are described, as well as copolymers prepared from them and from one or more monomers copolymerizable with them. ##STR1## wherein n=3 to 5 The compounds are suitable for the production of a multiplicity of thermoplastically processable copolymers having various sets of properties which permit applications both as compact moulded parts and as coatings.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP93 / 03470 371日期：1995年5月31日 102（e）日期1995年5月31日PCT提交1993年12月9日PCT公布。 WO94 / 14738 PCT公开号日期1994年7月7日描述了式（I）（例如，3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-八氟亚甲基环戊烷）的单体，以及由它们制备的共聚物和一种或多种单体可与它们共聚。其中n = 3至5所述化合物适用于生产具有各种性质的多种热塑性可加工共聚物，其允许作为紧凑的模制部件和作为涂层的应用。

7. 发明申请

US20070247635A1 POLARIZATION INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE 失效
标题翻译：偏振干涉微观
公开(公告)号：US20070247635A1
公开(公告)日：2007-10-25
申请号：US11733466
申请日：2007-04-10
申请人： Ralf Kruger , Christian Schulz
发明人： Ralf Kruger , Christian Schulz
IPC分类号： G01B9/02
CPC分类号： G02B21/18
摘要： The present invention relates to a polarization interference microscope (1) for imaging objects (5). The polarization interference microscope (1) comprises a light source (2), an illumination beam path (6), an imaging beam path (7) and an objective (4). The illumination beam path (6) extends from the light source (2) to the object (5). The imaging beam path (7) extends from the object (5) to a detector or a tube (3). At least one polarization means (9) is provided in the illumination beam path (6) and/or in the imaging beam path (7), by which at least one polarization means the light of the respective beam path (6, 7) can be converted into a predeterminable polarization state. An analyzer means (10) is provided in the imaging beam path (7). A birefringent component is provided between the polarization means (9) and the analyzer means (10), by which birefringent component the light polarized by the polarization means (9) can be divided into two partial beams (13, 14) having different polarization directions. The component can produce a splitting between the two partial beams (13, 14). The present invention furthermore relates to a retrofit kit for a conventional microscope and for a conventional polarization interference microscope, respectively, and a method for imaging objects. In order to enable variable contrasting of the interference contrast, the polarization interference microscope (1) according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the component has a liquid crystal element (11, 21, 23) formed in such a way that the value of the splitting between the two partial beams (13, 14) is settable in a variable manner thereby.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及用于成像物体（5）的偏振干涉显微镜（1）。偏振干涉显微镜（1）包括光源（2），照明光束路径（6），成像光束路径（7）和物镜（4）。照明光束路径（6）从光源（2）延伸到物体（5）。成像光束路径（7）从物体（5）延伸到检测器或管（3）。至少一个偏振装置（9）设置在照明光束路径（6）和/或成像光束路径（7）中，通过该至少一个偏振装置，至少一个偏振部分意味着相应光束路径（6,7）的光可以被转换为可预定的偏振状态。分析仪装置（10）设置在成像光束路径（7）中。在偏振装置（9）和分析装置（10）之间设置有双折射分量，由偏振装置（9）偏振的光可被双折射分量分成具有不同偏振方向的两个部分光束（13,14）。该部件可以在两个部分光束（13,14）之间产生分裂。本发明还涉及分别用于常规显微镜和常规偏振干涉显微镜的改进套件以及用于成像对象的方法。为了实现干涉对比度的可变对比度，根据本发明的偏振干涉显微镜（1）的特征在于，该部件具有如下的事实：该液晶元件（11,21,23）以如下方式形成：两个部分光束（13,14）之间的分割可由可变方式设定。

8. 发明授权

US5698635A Preparation and use of reactive and processable fluoropolymers 失效
标题翻译：反应性和可加工的含氟聚合物的制备和使用
公开(公告)号：US5698635A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-16
申请号：US554324
申请日：1995-11-02
申请人： Ralf Kruger , David Harrison , Dieter Wrobel
发明人： Ralf Kruger , David Harrison , Dieter Wrobel
IPC分类号： C08F8/00 , C08F8/50 , C08F259/00 , C08F271/02
CPC分类号： C08F8/00 , C08F8/30 , C08F2800/20 , C08F2810/20 , C08F2810/30
摘要： A reactive and processable fluoropolymer, obtainable by mechanical shearing of a fluoropolymer A) comprising polymerized monomer units of at least one fluorinated, optionally substituted, alkene with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally at least one member selected from the group consisting of a perfluorinated vinyl ether, non-fluorinated olefin and non-fluorinated vinyl ester, and 0.3 to 7% of a compound B) which possesses a double bond (I) capable of adding to polymeric radical fragments and a II-electron system which is either conjugated with double bond (I) or has readily transferrable hydrogen atoms in the allyl or benzyl position and optionally further double bonds or reactive groups and optionally further auxiliary agents (C). The fluoropolymer is especially useful in radical addition or nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution or addition, e.g. cross-linking or grafting.
摘要翻译：可通过机械剪切含氟聚合物A）获得的反应性和可加工的含氟聚合物包含至少一种具有2至8个碳原子的氟化，任选取代的烯烃的聚合单体单元和任选的至少一种选自全氟化乙烯基醚，非氟化烯烃和非氟化乙烯基酯，以及0.3-7％的具有能够加入到聚合物基团碎片中的双键（I）的化合物B）和与双键结合的II-电子体系键（I）或在烯丙基或苄基位置具有易于转移的氢原子，以及任选的另外的双键或反应性基团以及任选的其它助剂（C）。氟聚合物特别可用于自由基加成或亲核或亲电取代或加成，例如交联或接枝。

9. 发明授权

US5447994A Thermoplastic fluoroelastomers produced by graft copolymerization 失效
标题翻译：通过接枝共聚制备的热塑性含氟弹性体
公开(公告)号：US5447994A
公开(公告)日：1995-09-05
申请号：US300619
申请日：1994-09-02
申请人： Ralf Kruger , David B. Harrison , Leo Morbitzer
发明人： Ralf Kruger , David B. Harrison , Leo Morbitzer
IPC分类号： C08F259/00 , C08F259/08
CPC分类号： C08F259/08
摘要： Thermoplastic fluoroelastomer graft polymers formed from a fluorine-containing graft polymer formed from a rubber like (Tg
摘要翻译：由由（Tg <0℃）的橡胶形成的含氟接枝聚合物形成的热塑性含氟弹性体接枝聚合物，含有双键的未交联的含氟共聚物作为接枝基，接枝有含氟单体，至少部分结晶聚合物由橡胶状未交联共聚物通过在约-15℃至+ 120℃的高压下在溶液，悬浮液或乳液中自由基聚合制备，并在其上接枝形成至少部分结晶的单体通过自由基溶液，悬浮液或乳液接枝聚合在约-15至+ 120℃的高压下聚合接枝到橡胶状共聚物上。

10. 发明授权

US5696216A Peroxide crosslinkable fluororubbers, a process for the production thereof and use thereof 失效
标题翻译：过氧化物交联性氟橡胶，其制备方法和用途
公开(公告)号：US5696216A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-09
申请号：US747736
申请日：1996-11-12
申请人： Ralf Kruger , Govert Woeste , Tatyana Alexandrovna Filchakova , Alexandr Nikolaevich Kollar , Sergey Vasilyevich Sokolov , Mark Peysakhovich Greenblat , Nikolay Vladimirovich Veretennikov
发明人： Ralf Kruger , Govert Woeste , Tatyana Alexandrovna Filchakova , Alexandr Nikolaevich Kollar , Sergey Vasilyevich Sokolov , Mark Peysakhovich Greenblat , Nikolay Vladimirovich Veretennikov
IPC分类号： C08J3/24 , C08F2/08 , C08F2/24 , C08F214/22 , C08L27/16 , C08F16/24
CPC分类号： C08F214/222
摘要： The present invention relates to peroxide crosslinkable fluororubbers prepared from polymerized units of vinylidene fluoride, at least one fluorinated propene and/or a fluorinated methyl vinyl ether, at least one perfluoro(polyoxaalkyl vinyl ether), optionally tetrafluoroethylene and crosslinking-active reactive sites, to a process for the production thereof and to the use thereof.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及由偏二氟乙烯，至少一种氟化丙烯和/或氟化甲基乙烯基醚的聚合单元，至少一种全氟（聚氧烷基乙烯基醚），任选的四氟乙烯和交联活性位点制备的过氧化物交联性氟橡胶，其制备方法及其用途。

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