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1. 发明授权

US5253274A Means to differentiate between commands and data on a communications link 失效
标题翻译：用于区分通信链路上的命令和数据的方式
公开(公告)号：US5253274A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-12
申请号：US869557
申请日：1992-04-15
申请人： Frank J. Janniello , Rajiv Ramaswami , David G. Steinberg
发明人： Frank J. Janniello , Rajiv Ramaswami , David G. Steinberg
IPC分类号： H04L25/49 , H04L29/06 , H04B25/49
CPC分类号： H04L25/4906 , H04L29/06
摘要： A method of transmitting data and commands on a communication link so as to efficiently distinguish between commands and data. This invention encodes information symbols before transmission on the communication link. A unique code symbol S which does not equal any encoded information symbol is defined along with a unique encoded command symbol ESOTX. Encoded data information symbols are transmitted by sending S followed by ESOTX, and then the encoded data information symbols. Encoded command information symbols, not including ESOTX, are transmitted by sending S immediately followed by the encoded command information symbols. The receiver interprets any encoded information symbol immediately following S as a command. If the encoded command equals ESOTX, the following symbols are treated as data until S is received again. If the encoded command is not ESOTX, the following symbols are treated as commands until S is received again.
摘要翻译：一种在通信链路上发送数据和命令的方法，以便有效区分命令和数据。本发明在通信链路上传输之前对信息符号进行编码。与唯一的编码命令符号ESOTX一起定义不等于任何编码信息符号的唯一代码符号S. 编码的数据信息符号通过发送S发送，随后是ESOTX，然后是编码的数据信息符号。编码命令信息符号（不包括ESOTX）通过立即发送S后跟编码命令信息符号来发送。接收者解释紧随S之后的任何编码信息符号作为命令。如果编码命令等于ESOTX，则将以下符号视为数据，直到再次接收到S。如果编码命令不是ESOTX，则以下符号被视为命令，直到再次接收到S。

2. 发明授权

US5487120A Optical wavelength division multiplexer for high speed, protocol-independent serial data sources 失效
标题翻译：用于高速，协议无关串行数据源的光波分复用器
公开(公告)号：US5487120A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US193969
申请日：1994-02-09
申请人： Michael M. Choy , Paul E. Green, Jr. , William E. Hall , Frank J. Janniello , Jeff K. Kravitz , Karen Liu , Rajiv Ramaswami , Franklin F. Tong
发明人： Michael M. Choy , Paul E. Green, Jr. , William E. Hall , Frank J. Janniello , Jeff K. Kravitz , Karen Liu , Rajiv Ramaswami , Franklin F. Tong
IPC分类号： H04J14/00 , H04B10/155 , H04B10/24 , H04J14/02 , G02B6/00 , G02B6/36
CPC分类号： H04J14/02 , H04B10/506 , H04B10/572
摘要： A wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) unit (12) includes a plurality of Input/Output cards (IOCs 14). Each IOC is bidirectionally coupled to I/O specific media (fiber or copper) and to two coaxial cables. Also bidirectionally coupled to the coaxial cables are a plurality of Laser/Receiver Cards (LRC 20). The interface between the IOCs and the LRCs is an Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) electrical interface that is conveyed over the coaxial cables. Each LRC is bidirectionally coupled by two single mode fibers to an optical multiplexer and demultiplexer, embodied within a grating (24). An input/output port of the grating is coupled to a fiber link (28) that enables bidirectional, full duplex data communications with a second WDM. Each WDM also includes a Diagnostic Processor Card (DPC 28) that receives status signals from the IOCs and LRCs, that forwards the status signals on to an external processor, and which generates control information for the IOCs and LRCs.
摘要翻译：波分复用器（WDM）单元（12）包括多个输入/输出卡（IOC 14）。每个IOC双向耦合到I / O特定介质（光纤或铜）和两根同轴电缆。还双向耦合到同轴电缆的是多个激光/接收卡（LRC 20）。 IOC和LRC之间的接口是通过同轴电缆传送的发射极耦合逻辑（ECL）电接口。每个LRC通过两个单模光纤双向耦合到光学多路复用器和解复用器中，体现在光栅（24）内。光栅的输入/输出端口耦合到能够与第二WDM进行双向全双工数据通信的光纤链路（28）。每个WDM还包括诊断处理器卡（DPC 28），其接收来自IOC和LRC的状态信号，将状态信号转发到外部处理器，并且产生IOC和LRC的控制信息。

3. 发明授权

US07606180B2 Multichannel ring and star networks with limited channel conversion 有权
标题翻译：具有有限信道转换的多通道环和星形网络
公开(公告)号：US07606180B2
公开(公告)日：2009-10-20
申请号：US11131056
申请日：2005-05-16
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Sasaki
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Sasaki
IPC分类号： H04L12/42 , H04J14/00 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L12/42 , H04J14/02 , H04L12/44 , H04Q11/0062 , H04Q2011/0086 , H04Q2011/0092
摘要： A ring communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of nodes in which a single one of the nodes is configured for full channel conversion and the remaining nodes, other than the single node, are configured for no channel conversion. Links with no more than W channels couple the nodes. The ring communication network may include N nodes and links connecting the nodes for carrying data in W channels such that N≧2 log2 W−1, where W is a power of 2. Each of the N nodes includes switches connected such that each channel of a first one of the links adjacent to any one of the N nodes can be switched to no more than W−1 channels of another one of the links adjacent to any one node.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的实施例的环通信网络包括多个节点，其中单个节点被配置用于全频道转换，而除单个节点之外的其余节点被配置为不进行频道转换。链接不超过W个通道耦合节点。环通信网络可以包括N个节点和连接节点的链路，用于在W个信道中携带数据，使得N≥2log2W-1，其中W是2的幂.N个节点中的每一个包括连接的开关，使得每个信道可以将与N个节点中的任一个相邻的第一个链路切换到与任何一个节点相邻的另一个链路的不超过W-1个信道。

4. 发明申请

US20080219666A1 OPTICAL LINE TERMINAL ARRANGEMENT, APPARATUS AND METHODS 有权
标题翻译：光线终端装置，装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US20080219666A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-11
申请号：US12042793
申请日：2008-03-05
申请人： Ornan A. Gerstel , Rajiv Ramaswami
发明人： Ornan A. Gerstel , Rajiv Ramaswami
IPC分类号： H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04J14/022 , H04J14/0201 , H04J14/0206 , H04J14/0212 , H04J14/0216 , H04J14/0278 , H04J14/0282 , H04J14/0286
摘要： A wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system includes a plurality of optical line terminals which may be part of separate in service networks, each having a line interface and an all-optical pass-through interface including a plurality of pass-through optical ports, and each also including a plurality of local optical ports which are connectable to client equipment and an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer for multiplexing/demultiplexing optical wavelengths. The optical multiplexer/demultiplexer may include one or more stages for inputting/outputting individual wavelengths or bands of a predetermined number of wavelengths, or a combination of bands and individual wavelengths. At least one of the pass-through optical ports of an optical line terminal of one network may be connected to at least one of the pass-through optical ports of an optical line terminal of another network to form an optical path from the line interface of the optical line terminal of the one network to the line interface of the optical line terminal of the another network to form a merged network. The use of such optical line terminals allows the upgrading and merging of the separate networks while in service.
摘要翻译：波分多路复用光通信系统包括多个光线路终端，其可以是服务网络中分离的一部分，每个具有线路接口和包括多个通过光端口的全光通过接口，并且每个还包括可连接到客户设备的多个本地光端口和用于复用/解复用光波长的光复用器/解复用器。光复用器/解复用器可以包括一个或多个级，用于输入/输出预定数量的波长的各个波长或波段，或波段和各波长的组合。一个网络的光线路终端的至少一个直通光端口可以连接到另一网络的光线路终端的至少一个直通光端口，以形成从一个网络的光线路终端到另一个网络的光线路终端的线路接口，形成一个合并网络。使用这种光线路终端允许在使用中升级和合并分离的网络。

5. 发明申请

US20070104483A1 METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR OPTICAL NETWORK MANAGEMENT USING PILOT TONES 失效
标题翻译：使用PILOT TONES进行光网络管理的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20070104483A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-10
申请号：US11532903
申请日：2006-09-18
申请人： John Carrick , Mark Oppenheimer , Rajiv Ramaswami , Ornan Gerstel
发明人： John Carrick , Mark Oppenheimer , Rajiv Ramaswami , Ornan Gerstel
IPC分类号： H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , H04B10/0773 , H04B10/0793 , H04B2210/075 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods and apparatus for managing an optical network using pilot tones are provided. One method includes selecting an optical path having a plurality of nodes from a database defining an expected optical network. A detected list of pilot tones associated with each node of the selected optical path is generated. An expected list of pilot tones associated with each node of the selected optical path is generated. The detected and expected lists are compared to identify any mismatched nodes.
摘要翻译：提供了使用导频音来管理光网络的方法和装置。一种方法包括从定义预期光网络的数据库中选择具有多个节点的光路。产生与所选光路的每个节点相关联的检测到的导频音的列表。生成与所选光路的每个节点相关联的导频音调的预期列表。将检测到的和预期的列表进行比较以识别任何不匹配的节点。

6. 发明授权

US06650803B1 Method and apparatus for optical to electrical to optical conversion in an optical cross-connect switch 有权
标题翻译：用于光交叉连接开关中的光电转换的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06650803B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-18
申请号：US09704439
申请日：2000-11-01
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0009 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0035 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0058 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods, apparatus and systems for regenerating, monitoring and bridging optical signals through an optical cross-connect switch to provide increased reliability. A self testing method, apparatus and system for an optical cross-connect switch. An optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter (O/E/O) is provided in an optical cross-connect switch to provide optical-electrical-optical conversion. I/O port cards having an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as smart port cards while I/O port cards without an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as passive port cards. Test port/monitor cards are also provided for testing optical cross-connect switches. Methods, apparatus and systems for performing bridging, test access, and supporting redundant optical switch fabrics are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：通过光交叉连接开关再生，监测和桥接光信号的方法，装置和系统，以提供更高的可靠性。一种用于光交叉连接开关的自检方法，装置和系统。在光交叉开关中提供光 - 电 - 光转换器（O / E / O）以提供光 - 电 - 光转换。具有光 - 电 - 光转换器的I / O端口卡被称为智能端口卡，而没有光对电转换器的I / O端口卡被称为被动端口卡。还提供测试端口/监视器卡，用于测试光交叉连接交换机。还公开了用于执行桥接，测试访问和支持冗余光交换结构的方法，装置和系统。

7. 发明授权

US06597826B1 Optical cross-connect switching system with bridging, test access and redundancy 有权
标题翻译：具有桥接，测试访问和冗余的光交叉连接交换系统
公开(公告)号：US06597826B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-22
申请号：US09704444
申请日：2000-11-01
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Steven Clark , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Steven Clark , Robert R. Ward
IPC分类号： G02B642
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/0049 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： In one embodiment, a scalable cross-connect switching system and its corresponding method perform a bridging operation by splitting the incoming light signal into at least a first bridged light signal and a second bridged light signal. The first bridged light signal has a power level equal to or substantially greater than a power level of the second bridged light signal. The disproportionate power levels provide low-loss bridging. Light signals based on these bridged light signals are routed through multiple switch fabrics which provide redundancy in case of failure by switching within the switch fabric. To detect failures, a test access port is configured for monitoring multiple optical paths.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，可扩展交叉连接交换系统及其对应方法通过将入射光信号分成至少第一桥接光信号和第二桥接光信号来执行桥接操作。第一桥接光信号具有等于或基本上大于第二桥接光信号的功率电平的功率电平。不相称的权力水平提供低损失桥梁。基于这些桥接光信号的光信号通过多个交换结构进行路由，这些交换结构在交换结构内切换时在故障的情况下提供冗余。为了检测到故障，测试接入端口被配置为监视多个光路。

8. 发明授权

US09014562B2 Optical line terminal arrangement, apparatus and methods 有权
标题翻译：光线路终端布置，装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US09014562B2
公开(公告)日：2015-04-21
申请号：US12042793
申请日：2008-03-05
申请人： Ornan A. Gerstel , Rajiv Ramaswami
发明人： Ornan A. Gerstel , Rajiv Ramaswami
IPC分类号： H04J14/02
CPC分类号： H04J14/022 , H04J14/0201 , H04J14/0206 , H04J14/0212 , H04J14/0216 , H04J14/0278 , H04J14/0282 , H04J14/0286
摘要： A wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system includes a plurality of optical line terminals which may be part of separate in service networks, each having a line interface and an all-optical pass-through interface including a plurality of pass-through optical ports, and each also including a plurality of local optical ports which are connectable to client equipment and an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer for multiplexing/demultiplexing optical wavelengths. The optical multiplexer/demultiplexer may include one or more stages for inputting/outputting individual wavelengths or bands of a predetermined number of wavelengths, or a combination of bands and individual wavelengths. At least one of the pass-through optical ports of an optical line terminal of one network may be connected to at least one of the pass-through optical ports of an optical line terminal of another network to form an optical path from the line interface of the optical line terminal of the one network to the line interface of the optical line terminal of the another network to form a merged network. The use of such optical line terminals allows the upgrading and merging of the separate networks while in service.
摘要翻译：波分多路复用光通信系统包括多个光线路终端，其可以是服务网络中分离的一部分，每个具有线路接口和包括多个通过光端口的全光通过接口，并且每个还包括可连接到客户设备的多个本地光端口和用于复用/解复用光波长的光复用器/解复用器。光复用器/解复用器可以包括一个或多个级，用于输入/输出预定数量的波长的各个波长或波段，或波段和各波长的组合。一个网络的光线路终端的至少一个直通光端口可以连接到另一网络的光线路终端的至少一个直通光端口，以形成从一个网络的光线路终端到另一个网络的光线路终端的线路接口，形成一个合并网络。使用这种光线路终端允许在使用中升级和合并分离的网络。

9. 发明授权

US08971706B2 Link discovery, verification, and failure isolation in an optical communication system 有权
标题翻译：光通信系统中的链路发现，验证和故障隔离
公开(公告)号：US08971706B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-03
申请号：US10261099
申请日：2002-09-30
申请人： Ornan A. Gerstel , Humair Raza , Rajiv Ramaswami , Babu O. Narayanan , Robert Ward , Robert Keys , David Park , Vasant Sahay , Osama Aboul-Magd , Frederic Simard
发明人： Ornan A. Gerstel , Humair Raza , Rajiv Ramaswami , Babu O. Narayanan , Robert Ward , Robert Keys , David Park , Vasant Sahay , Osama Aboul-Magd , Frederic Simard
IPC分类号： H04J14/00 , H04J14/02 , H04B10/032 , H04B10/07 , H04B10/077 , H04B10/079 , H04B10/27
CPC分类号： H04J14/0227 , H04B10/032 , H04B10/07 , H04B10/0775 , H04B10/0793 , H04B10/27 , H04B2210/071 , H04B2210/075 , H04J14/0241 , H04J14/0279 , H04J14/0284 , H04J14/0287 , H04J14/0294 , H04J14/0297
摘要： Automatic discovery and verification of optical communication links as well as isolation of link failures in an optical communication system.
摘要翻译：光通信链路的自动发现和验证以及光通信系统中链路故障的隔离。

10. 发明申请

US20100054263A1 MULTICHANNEL RING AND STAR NETWORKS WITH LIMITED CHANNEL CONVERSION 有权
标题翻译：多通道环和恒星网络有限通道转换
公开(公告)号：US20100054263A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-04
申请号：US12556125
申请日：2009-09-09
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen H. Sasaki
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen H. Sasaki
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L12/42 , H04J14/02 , H04L12/44 , H04Q11/0062 , H04Q2011/0086 , H04Q2011/0092
摘要： A ring communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of nodes in which a single one of the nodes is configured for full channel conversion and the remaining nodes, other than the single node, are configured for no channel conversion. Links with no more than W channels couple the nodes. The ring communication network also may include N nodes and links connecting the nodes for carrying data in W channels such that N≧2 log2 W−1 where W is a power of 2. Each of the N nodes includes switches connected such that each channel of a first one of the links adjacent to any one of the N nodes can be switched to no more than W−1 channels of another one of the links adjacent any one node.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的实施例的环通信网络包括多个节点，其中单个节点被配置用于全频道转换，而除单个节点之外的其余节点被配置为不进行频道转换。链接不超过W个通道耦合节点。环通信网络还可以包括N个节点和连接节点的链路，用于在W个信道中携带数据，使得N≥2log2W-1，其中W是2的幂.N个节点中的每一个包括连接的开关，使得每个信道与N个节点中的任一个邻接的链路中的第一个可以被切换到与任何一个节点相邻的另一个链路的不超过W-1个信道。

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