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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Low shear toner aggregation processes
    • 低剪切调色剂聚集工艺
    • US5650255A
    • 1997-07-22
    • US706880
    • 1996-09-03
    • T. Hwee NgArthur HelbrechtRaj D. PatelGrazyna E. Kmiecik-LawrynowiczDavid KurcebaFrancisco E. TorresDavid J. Sanders
    • T. Hwee NgArthur HelbrechtRaj D. PatelGrazyna E. Kmiecik-LawrynowiczDavid KurcebaFrancisco E. TorresDavid J. Sanders
    • G03G9/08G03G9/087
    • G03G9/0804G03G9/0819
    • An in situ chemical process for the preparation of toner comprised of(i) the provision of a latex, which latex is comprised of polymeric resin particles, an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(ii) providing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment solution, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(iii) mixing said pigment dispersion with said latex with a stirrer equipped with an impeller, stirring at speeds of from about 100 to about 900 rpm for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 150 minutes;(iv) heating the above resulting blend of latex and pigment mixture to a temperature below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(v) adding further aqueous ionic surfactant or stabilizer in the range amount of from about 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight of reactants to stabilize the above electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(vi) heating said electrostatically bound toner sized aggregates above about the Tg of the resin to form toner size particles containing pigment, resin and optionally a charge control agent;(vii) optionally isolating said toner, optionally washing with water; and optionally(viii) drying said toner.
    • 用于制备调色剂的原位化学方法包括(i)提供胶乳,所述胶乳由聚合树脂颗粒,离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成; (ii)提供颜料分散体,该分散体由颜料溶液,具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; (iii)将所述颜料分散体与所述胶乳混合,配备有叶轮的搅拌器,以约100至约900rpm的速度搅拌约10分钟至约150分钟; (iv)将上述胶乳和颜料混合物的混合物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的温度,以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; (v)加入其量为约0.1%至5%(重量)的反应物的水性离子表面活性剂或稳定剂,以稳定上述静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; (vi)将所述静电结合的调色剂大小的聚集体加热到树脂的Tg附近,以形成含有颜料,树脂和任选的电荷控制剂的调色剂尺寸颗粒; (vii)任选地分离所述调色剂,任选地用水洗涤; 和(viii)干燥所述调色剂。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Toner processes
    • 墨粉处理
    • US5650256A
    • 1997-07-22
    • US720646
    • 1996-10-02
    • Richard P. N. VereginMaria N. V. McDougallFrancisco E. TorresRaj D. PatelGrazyna E. Kmiecik-LawrynowiczT. Hwee NgArthur Helbrecht
    • Richard P. N. VereginMaria N. V. McDougallFrancisco E. TorresRaj D. PatelGrazyna E. Kmiecik-LawrynowiczT. Hwee NgArthur Helbrecht
    • G03G9/08G03G9/087
    • G03G9/0804G03G9/0815
    • A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, and wherein said resin contains an acid functionality;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) adding anionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(v) coalescing said aggregates by heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin;(vi) reacting said resin of (v) with acid functionality with a base to form an acrylic acid salt, and which salt is ion exchanged in water with a base or a salt, optionally in the presence of metal oxide particles, to control the toner triboelectrical charge, which toner is comprised of resin and pigment; and(vii) optionally drying the toner obtained.
    • 一种制备调色剂的方法,包括:(i)制备颜料分散体,该分散体由颜料和离子表面活性剂组成; (ii)用由树脂,具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体,并且其中所述树脂含有酸官能团; (iii)将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; (iv)加入阴离子表面活性剂以稳定(iii)中获得的聚集体; (v)通过将所述结合的聚集体加热到约树脂的Tg附近来聚结所述聚集体; (vi)将所述(ⅴ)的酸性官能团的树脂与碱反应形成丙烯酸盐,并且任选地在金属氧化物颗粒存在下,盐与碱或盐在水中进行离子交换,以控制 调色剂摩擦电荷,调色剂由树脂和颜料组成; 和(vii)任选地干燥获得的调色剂。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Method of detecting the concentration of an analyte
    • 检测分析物浓度的方法
    • US07961326B2
    • 2011-06-14
    • US12195997
    • 2008-08-21
    • Joerg MartiniRichard H. BruceFrancisco E. TorresPeter KieselMichael I. RechtJeffrey N. Roe
    • Joerg MartiniRichard H. BruceFrancisco E. TorresPeter KieselMichael I. RechtJeffrey N. Roe
    • A61B5/00G01J3/46
    • A61B5/1459A61B5/0031A61B5/14532G01N21/33G01N21/359
    • A system and method is provided for detecting concentration of an analyte in a fluid. The method comprises detecting an optical property of a first region of two or more regions in a system, the first region located in a container having a reservoir for one or more modifiers of one or more optical properties of the first region. The movement of the one or more modifiers is responsive to changes in concentration of the analyte. A next step detects an optical property of a second region of the two or more regions in the system, the second region located in a container having a reservoir for one or more modifiers of one or more optical properties of the second region. The movement of the one or more modifiers is responsive to changes in concentration of a compound, where the compound is something other than the analyte. The detected optical property of the first region and the detected optical property of the second region are used in embodiments to separate the effect of the analyte on the detected optical property of the first region from the effect of the compound, where the compound is an interfering compound.
    • 提供了用于检测流体中分析物的浓度的系统和方法。 该方法包括检测系统中两个或更多个区域的第一区域的光学性质,位于容器中的第一区域具有用于一个或多个第一区域的一个或多个光学特性的改性剂的储存器。 一种或多种改性剂的运动响应于分析物浓度的变化。 下一步骤检测系统中两个或更多个区域的第二区域的光学性质,位于容器中的第二区域具有用于一个或多个第二区域的一个或多个光学特性的改性剂的储存器。 一种或多种改性剂的运动响应化合物浓度的变化,其中化合物是除分析物以外的物质。 检测到的第一区域的光学特性和第二区域的检测光学特性用于实施例中以将分析物对第一区域的检测光学性质的影响与化合物的影响分开,其中化合物是干扰 复合。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Polymerization processes
    • 聚合工艺
    • US06365675B1
    • 2002-04-02
    • US09592188
    • 2000-06-12
    • Paula J. MacLeodPeter G. OdellFrancisco E. TorresMichael K. Georges
    • Paula J. MacLeodPeter G. OdellFrancisco E. TorresMichael K. Georges
    • C08F400
    • C08F2/38C08F2/30
    • A process for the preparation of a thermoplastic resin, or thermoplastic resins comprising: forming, or providing a miniemulsion comprised of a mixture of an oligomeric compound of the formula R—SFR, wherein R is an oligomeric compound comprised of from about 1 to about 30 monomer units and optionally a covalently bonded free radical initiator compound, —SFR is a covalently bound stable free radical end group, and at least one free radical polymerizable monomer compound, and a surfactant; and heating the miniemulsion wherein there results a latex thermoplastic resin or a latex of thermoplastic resins with a high monomer to polymer conversion of about 85 to about 100 percent and a narrow polydispersity of from about 1.1 to about 2.0.
    • 一种制备热塑性树脂或热塑性树脂的方法,包括:形成或提供由式R-SFR的低聚化合物的混合物组成的细乳液,其中R为约1至约30的低聚化合物 单体单元和任选的共价键合的自由基引发剂化合物,-SFR是共价结合的稳定的自由基端基,以及至少一种可自由基聚合的单体化合物和表面活性剂; 加热微乳液,其中产生胶乳热塑性树脂或具有约85至约100%的高单体至聚合物转化率和约1.1至约2.0的窄多分散性的热塑性树脂胶乳。