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1. 发明授权

US09091771B2 System and method for improving detection of gamma interactions in a positron emission tomography system 有权
标题翻译：用于改善正电子发射断层摄影系统中γ相互作用检测的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US09091771B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-28
申请号：US13539915
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand , Sanghee Cho
发明人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand , Sanghee Cho
IPC分类号： G01T1/29 , A61B6/03 , G01T1/00 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/00 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/00
摘要： A system and method are provided for determining the onset of gamma interactions for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging more accurately than with existing techniques. The timing of a sequence of primary trigger events is obtained and used to determine a weighted combination, which mixes the timing information from the various primary trigger events to compute an overall event trigger timing with improved time resolution. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the invention improves time resolution by approximately 10% over state-of-the-art methods. This improved time resolution directly benefits the imaging performance of the PET scanner, especially in time-of-flight (TOF) mode, where a high time resolution directly translates to a reduction in image noise at the same dose—or, alternatively, a reduction of dose to the patient or scan time for the same image quality.
摘要翻译：提供了一种系统和方法，用于比现有技术更准确地确定正电子发射断层摄影（PET）成像的γ相互作用的发生。获得主要触发事件序列的定时并用于确定加权组合，其混合来自各种主要触发事件的定时信息以通过改进的时间分辨率计算总体事件触发时序。数值模拟表明，本发明使用最先进的方法将时间分辨率提高约10％。这种改进的时间分辨率直接有利于PET扫描仪的成像性能，特别是在飞行时间（TOF）模式下，其中高时间分辨率直接转换为以相同剂量降低图像噪声，或者替代地，减少给予患者剂量或扫描时间相同的图像质量。

2. 发明申请

US20130009063A1 System and Method for Improving Detection of Gamma Interactions in a Positron Emission Tomography System 有权
标题翻译：用于改善正电子发射断层扫描系统中伽马相互作用检测的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20130009063A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-10
申请号：US13539915
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand , Sanghee Cho
发明人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand , Sanghee Cho
IPC分类号： G01T1/164
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/00 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/00
摘要： A system and method are provided for determining the onset of gamma interactions for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging more accurately than with existing techniques. The timing of a sequence of primary trigger events is obtained and used to determine a weighted combination, which mixes the timing information from the various primary trigger events to compute an overall event trigger timing with improved time resolution. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the invention improves time resolution by approximately 10% over state-of-the-art methods. This improved time resolution directly benefits the imaging performance of the PET scanner, especially in time-of-flight (TOF) mode, where a high time resolution directly translates to a reduction in image noise at the same dose—or, alternatively, a reduction of dose to the patient or scan time for the same image quality.
摘要翻译：提供了一种系统和方法，用于比现有技术更准确地确定正电子发射断层摄影（PET）成像的γ相互作用的发生。获得主要触发事件序列的定时并用于确定加权组合，其混合来自各种主要触发事件的定时信息以通过改进的时间分辨率计算总体事件触发时序。数值模拟表明，本发明使用最先进的方法将时间分辨率提高约10％。这种改进的时间分辨率直接有利于PET扫描仪的成像性能，特别是在飞行时间（TOF）模式下，其中高时间分辨率直接转换为以相同剂量降低图像噪声，或者替代地，减少给予患者剂量或扫描时间相同的图像质量。

3. 发明申请

US20100074396A1 MEDICAL IMAGING WITH BLACK SILICON PHOTODETECTOR 审中-公开
标题翻译：用黑色硅胶片进行医学成像
公开(公告)号：US20100074396A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-25
申请号：US12498101
申请日：2009-07-06
申请人： Matthias J. Schmand , Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Mark S. Andreaco
发明人： Matthias J. Schmand , Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Mark S. Andreaco
IPC分类号： A61B6/03 , G01T1/24 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/037
摘要： Medical imaging may be accomplished with a high photoconductive gain at a relatively low operating voltage by employing a black silicon photodetector and integrating CMOS components with elements of the photodetector.
摘要翻译：通过采用黑硅光电检测器并将CMOS部件与光电检测器的元件集成，可以在相对低的工作电压下以高的光电导增益实现医学成像。

4. 发明申请

US20120112083A1 High Density, Proportional-Mode, APD Arrays for Individual Scintillator Readout in PET Applications 有权
标题翻译：高密度，比例模式，APD阵列用于PET应用中的单个闪烁读出
公开(公告)号：US20120112083A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-10
申请号：US12943164
申请日：2010-11-10
申请人： Nan Zhang , Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Matthias J. Schmand
发明人： Nan Zhang , Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Matthias J. Schmand
IPC分类号： G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 , A61B6/037
摘要： The present invention is a photodetector including improved photosensors configured of an array of small (sub-millimeter) high-density avalanche photodiode cells utilized to readout a single scintillator. Each photosensor comprises a plurality of avalanche photodiodes cells arranged in an (n×n) array of avalanche photodiode cells (where, n>1) that are coupled to a single scintillation crystal. The overall (n×n) array area as the photosensor is the same as the area of a face of the scintillator and each avalanche photodiode cell has a surface area that is not greater than one square millimeter. The photosensor is also configured to facilitate reading the output of each avalanche photodiode cell in the array. By reading out each small avalanche photodiode cell independently, the noise and capacitance are minimized and thereby provide a more accurate determination of energy and timing.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种光电检测器，其包括由用于读出单个闪烁体的小（亚毫米）高密度雪崩光电二极管阵列的阵列构成的改进的光电传感器。每个光传感器包括以与单个闪烁晶体耦合的雪崩光电二极管单元（其中，n> 1）的（n×n）阵列排列的多个雪崩光电二极管单元。作为光传感器的整体（n×n）阵列区域与闪烁体的面的面积相同，并且每个雪崩光电二极管单元的表面积不大于1平方毫米。光传感器还被配置为便于读取阵列中每个雪崩光电二极管单元的输出。通过独立地读出每个小雪崩光电二极管单元，噪声和电容被最小化，从而提供更准确的能量和时间的确定。

5. 发明授权

US08247780B2 High density, proportional-mode, APD arrays for individual scintillator readout in PET applications 有权
标题翻译：用于PET应用中单个闪烁体读数的高密度，比例模式，APD阵列
公开(公告)号：US08247780B2
公开(公告)日：2012-08-21
申请号：US12943164
申请日：2010-11-10
申请人： Nan Zhang , Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Matthias J. Schmand
发明人： Nan Zhang , Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Matthias J. Schmand
IPC分类号： G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 , A61B6/037
摘要： The present invention is a photodetector including improved photosensors configured of an array of small (sub-millimeter) high-density avalanche photodiode cells utilized to readout a single scintillator. Each photosensor comprises a plurality of avalanche photodiodes cells arranged in an (n×n) array of avalanche photodiode cells (where, n>1) that are coupled to a single scintillation crystal. The overall (n×n) array area as the photosensor is the same as the area of a face of the scintillator and each avalanche photodiode cell has a surface area that is not greater than one square millimeter. The photosensor is also configured to facilitate reading the output of each avalanche photodiode cell in the array. By reading out each small avalanche photodiode cell independently, the noise and capacitance are minimized and thereby provide a more accurate determination of energy and timing.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种光电检测器，其包括由用于读出单个闪烁体的小（亚毫米）高密度雪崩光电二极管阵列的阵列构成的改进的光电传感器。每个光传感器包括以与单个闪烁晶体耦合的雪崩光电二极管单元（其中，n> 1）的（n×n）阵列排列的多个雪崩光电二极管单元。作为光传感器的整体（n×n）阵列区域与闪烁体的面的面积相同，并且每个雪崩光电二极管单元的表面积不大于1平方毫米。光传感器还被配置为便于读取阵列中每个雪崩光电二极管单元的输出。通过独立地读出每个小雪崩光电二极管单元，噪声和电容被最小化，从而提供更准确的能量和时间的确定。

6. 发明授权

US08476571B2 SiPM photosensor with early signal digitization 有权
标题翻译：具有早期信号数字化的SiPM光电传感器
公开(公告)号：US08476571B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-02
申请号：US12898771
申请日：2010-10-06
申请人： Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Mathias J. Schmand , Nan Zhang
发明人： Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Mathias J. Schmand , Nan Zhang
IPC分类号： H01J40/14 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： H01L27/14609 , G01T1/248 , H01L31/107
摘要： The present invention is a Silicon PhotoMulitplier comprising a plurality of photon detection cell clusters each comprising a plurality of avalanche photodiodes connected in parallel, so that the output of each avalanche photodiode is summed together and applied to a cell cluster output. Each of the plurality of cell cluster outputs is connected to one of a plurality of cluster readout circuits, each of which includes an analog to digital converter that converts an analog representation of the total energy received by a photon detection cell cluster to a digital energy signal. A SiPM Pixel reader circuit is connected to the plurality of cluster readout circuits and configured to generate an overall pixel output by digital processing the plurality of digital energy signals received from the plurality of photon detection cell clusters by way of the plurality of cluster readout circuits. The SIPM pixel reader circuit also receives digital signals representative of timing triggers and the total energy received by a specific photon detection cell cluster and generates an overall SiPM energy signal and overall timing trigger in response to the signals received from the plurality of cluster readout circuits.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种硅光电倍增管，其包括多个光子检测单元簇，每个多个光子检测单元簇包括并联连接的多个雪崩光电二极管，从而将每个雪崩光电二极管的输出相加在一起并应用于单元簇输出。多个单元群输出中的每一个连接到多个群集读出电路中的一个，每个簇读出电路包括模拟数字转换器，其将由光子检测单元簇接收的总能量的模拟表示转换为数字能量信号。 SiPM像素读取器电路连接到多个群集读出电路，并且被配置为通过多个群集读出电路数字处理从多个光子检测单元簇接收的多个数字能量信号来生成整体像素输出。 SIPM像素读取器电路还接收表示定时触发的数字信号和由特定光子检测单元簇接收的总能量，并且响应于从多个簇读出电路接收的信号而产生整体SiPM能量信号和总体定时触发。

7. 发明授权

US08791514B2 Providing variable cell density and sizes in a radiation detector 有权
标题翻译：在辐射检测器中提供可变细胞密度和尺寸
公开(公告)号：US08791514B2
公开(公告)日：2014-07-29
申请号：US13540079
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang
发明人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang
IPC分类号： H01L27/146 , G01T1/24
CPC分类号： G01T1/248 , H01L27/14658
摘要： An apparatus and method to decrease light saturation in a photosensor array and increase detection efficiency uses a light distribution profile from a scintillator-photodetector geometry to configure the photosensor array to have a non-uniform sensor cell pattern, with varying cell density and/or varying cell size and shape. A solid-state photosensor such as a SiPM sensor having such a non-uniform cell structure realizes improved energy resolution, higher efficiency and increased signal linearity. In addition the non-uniform sensor cell array can have improved timing resolution due to improvements in statistical fluctuations. A particular embodiment for such photosensors is in PET medical imaging.
摘要翻译：降低光传感器阵列中的光饱和度并提高检测效率的装置和方法使用来自闪烁体 - 光电检测器几何形状的光分布分布来配置光传感器阵列具有不均匀的传感器单元图案，具有变化的单元密度和/或变化细胞大小和形状。诸如具有这种非均匀单元结构的SiPM传感器的固态光电传感器实现了改进的能量分辨率，更高的效率和更高的信号线性度。此外，由于统计波动的改善，非均匀传感器单元阵列可以改善时序分辨率。这种感光器的特定实施例是在PET医学成像中。

8. 发明申请

US20090108206A1 MR-Compatible Blood Sampling System For PET Imaging Applications in Combined PET/MR Imaging System 有权
标题翻译： MR兼容血液采样系统用于PET / MR成像系统的PET成像应用
公开(公告)号：US20090108206A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-30
申请号：US12260966
申请日：2008-10-29
申请人： Johannes Breuer , Ronald Grazioso , James Corbeil , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand
发明人： Johannes Breuer , Ronald Grazioso , James Corbeil , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01R33/28 , A61B5/150992 , G01R33/481 , G01T1/1603
摘要： An automated blood sampling system for PET imaging applications that can be operated in or very near to the field of view (FOV) of an MR scanner, such as in a combined MR/PET imaging system. A radiation detector uses APDs (avalanche photo-diodes) to collect scintillation light from crystals in which the positron-electron annihilation photons are absorbed. The necessary gamma shielding is made from a suitable shielding material, preferably tungsten polymer composite. Because the APDs are quite small and are magnetically insensitive, they can be operated in the strong magnetic field of an MR apparatus without disturbance.
摘要翻译：用于PET成像应用的自动采血系统，其可以在MR扫描器的视野（FOV）中或非常接近的范围内操作，例如在组合的MR / PET成像系统中。辐射检测器使用APD（雪崩光电二极管）从正电子 - 电子湮灭光子被吸收的晶体中收集闪烁光。必要的伽马屏蔽由合适的屏蔽材料制成，优选钨聚合物复合材料。由于APD相当小并且磁性不敏感，所以它们可以在无扰动的MR设备的强磁场中操作。

9. 发明授权

US09606199B2 MR-compatible blood sampling system for PET imaging applications in combined PET/MR imaging system 有权
公开(公告)号：US09606199B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-28
申请号：US12260966
申请日：2008-10-29
申请人： Johannes Breuer , Ronald Grazioso , James Corbeil , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand
发明人： Johannes Breuer , Ronald Grazioso , James Corbeil , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand
IPC分类号： G01R33/28 , A61B5/15 , G01R33/48 , G01T1/16
CPC分类号： G01R33/28 , A61B5/150992 , G01R33/481 , G01T1/1603
摘要： An automated blood sampling system for PET imaging applications that can be operated in or very near to the field of view (FOV) of an MR scanner, such as in a combined MR/PET imaging system. A radiation detector uses APDs (avalanche photo-diodes) to collect scintillation light from crystals in which the positron-electron annihilation photons are absorbed. The necessary gamma shielding is made from a suitable shielding material, preferably tungsten polymer composite. Because the APDs are quite small and are magnetically insensitive, they can be operated in the strong magnetic field of an MR apparatus without disturbance.

10. 发明授权

US09588230B2 Systems and methods for calibrating a silicon photomultiplier-based positron emission tomography system 有权
标题翻译：用于校准基于硅光电倍增管的正电子发射断层扫描系统的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US09588230B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-07
申请号：US12560054
申请日：2009-09-15
申请人： Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Nan Zhang
发明人： Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Nan Zhang
IPC分类号： G01D18/00 , G12B13/00 , G01T1/164 , A61B6/03
CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/1648
摘要： A representative positron emission tomography (PET) system includes a positron emission tomography detector having one or more silicon photomultipliers that output silicon photomultipliers signals. The PET system further includes a calibration system that is electrically coupled to the silicon photomultipliers. The calibration system determines a single photoelectron response of the silicon photomultipliers signals and adjusts a gain of the silicon photomultipliers based on the single photoelectron response.
摘要翻译：代表性的正电子发射断层摄影（PET）系统包括正电子发射断层摄影检测器，其具有输出硅光电倍增管信号的一个或多个硅光电倍增管。 PET系统还包括电耦合到硅光电倍增管的校准系统。校准系统确定硅光电倍增管信号的单个光电子响应，并且基于单个光电子响应调整硅光电倍增管的增益。

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