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1. 发明授权

US09091771B2 System and method for improving detection of gamma interactions in a positron emission tomography system 有权
标题翻译：用于改善正电子发射断层摄影系统中γ相互作用检测的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US09091771B2
公开(公告)日：2015-07-28
申请号：US13539915
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand , Sanghee Cho
发明人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand , Sanghee Cho
IPC分类号： G01T1/29 , A61B6/03 , G01T1/00 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/00 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/00
摘要： A system and method are provided for determining the onset of gamma interactions for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging more accurately than with existing techniques. The timing of a sequence of primary trigger events is obtained and used to determine a weighted combination, which mixes the timing information from the various primary trigger events to compute an overall event trigger timing with improved time resolution. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the invention improves time resolution by approximately 10% over state-of-the-art methods. This improved time resolution directly benefits the imaging performance of the PET scanner, especially in time-of-flight (TOF) mode, where a high time resolution directly translates to a reduction in image noise at the same dose—or, alternatively, a reduction of dose to the patient or scan time for the same image quality.
摘要翻译：提供了一种系统和方法，用于比现有技术更准确地确定正电子发射断层摄影（PET）成像的γ相互作用的发生。获得主要触发事件序列的定时并用于确定加权组合，其混合来自各种主要触发事件的定时信息以通过改进的时间分辨率计算总体事件触发时序。数值模拟表明，本发明使用最先进的方法将时间分辨率提高约10％。这种改进的时间分辨率直接有利于PET扫描仪的成像性能，特别是在飞行时间（TOF）模式下，其中高时间分辨率直接转换为以相同剂量降低图像噪声，或者替代地，减少给予患者剂量或扫描时间相同的图像质量。

2. 发明授权

US08866086B2 PET scanner with emission and transmission structures in a checkerboard configuration 有权
标题翻译： PET扫描仪，带有排列和传输结构的棋盘配置
公开(公告)号：US08866086B2
公开(公告)日：2014-10-21
申请号：US13198804
申请日：2011-08-05
申请人： Christian J. Michel , Maurizio Conti , Ronald Grazioso , Piotr Szupryczynski , A. Andrew Carey , Larry Byars
发明人： Christian J. Michel , Maurizio Conti , Ronald Grazioso , Piotr Szupryczynski , A. Andrew Carey , Larry Byars
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01T1/20 , G01T1/202 , G01T1/161
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/1615 , G01T1/202
摘要： Apparatuses, computer-readable mediums, and methods are provided. In one embodiment, a positron emission tomography (“PET”) detector array is provided which includes a plurality of crystal elements arranged in a two-dimensional checkerboard configuration. In addition, there are empty spaces in the checkerboard configuration. In various embodiments, the empty spaces are filled with passive shielding, transmission source assemblies, biopsy instruments, surgical instruments, and/or electromagnetic sensors. In various embodiments, the crystal elements and the transmission source assemblies simultaneously perform emission/transmission acquisitions.
摘要翻译：提供了设备，计算机可读介质和方法。在一个实施例中，提供了包括以二维棋盘配置布置的多个晶体元件的正电子发射断层摄影（“PET”）检测器阵列。另外，棋盘配置中有空格。在各种实施例中，空的空间填充有无源屏蔽，传输源组件，活检仪器，外科器械和/或电磁传感器。在各种实施例中，晶体元件和传输源组件同时执行发射/传输采集。

3. 发明授权

US08476571B2 SiPM photosensor with early signal digitization 有权
标题翻译：具有早期信号数字化的SiPM光电传感器
公开(公告)号：US08476571B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-02
申请号：US12898771
申请日：2010-10-06
申请人： Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Mathias J. Schmand , Nan Zhang
发明人： Ronald Grazioso , Debora Henseler , Mathias J. Schmand , Nan Zhang
IPC分类号： H01J40/14 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： H01L27/14609 , G01T1/248 , H01L31/107
摘要： The present invention is a Silicon PhotoMulitplier comprising a plurality of photon detection cell clusters each comprising a plurality of avalanche photodiodes connected in parallel, so that the output of each avalanche photodiode is summed together and applied to a cell cluster output. Each of the plurality of cell cluster outputs is connected to one of a plurality of cluster readout circuits, each of which includes an analog to digital converter that converts an analog representation of the total energy received by a photon detection cell cluster to a digital energy signal. A SiPM Pixel reader circuit is connected to the plurality of cluster readout circuits and configured to generate an overall pixel output by digital processing the plurality of digital energy signals received from the plurality of photon detection cell clusters by way of the plurality of cluster readout circuits. The SIPM pixel reader circuit also receives digital signals representative of timing triggers and the total energy received by a specific photon detection cell cluster and generates an overall SiPM energy signal and overall timing trigger in response to the signals received from the plurality of cluster readout circuits.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种硅光电倍增管，其包括多个光子检测单元簇，每个多个光子检测单元簇包括并联连接的多个雪崩光电二极管，从而将每个雪崩光电二极管的输出相加在一起并应用于单元簇输出。多个单元群输出中的每一个连接到多个群集读出电路中的一个，每个簇读出电路包括模拟数字转换器，其将由光子检测单元簇接收的总能量的模拟表示转换为数字能量信号。 SiPM像素读取器电路连接到多个群集读出电路，并且被配置为通过多个群集读出电路数字处理从多个光子检测单元簇接收的多个数字能量信号来生成整体像素输出。 SIPM像素读取器电路还接收表示定时触发的数字信号和由特定光子检测单元簇接收的总能量，并且响应于从多个簇读出电路接收的信号而产生整体SiPM能量信号和总体定时触发。

4. 发明申请

US20090032717A1 High-Resolution Depth-of-Interaction PET Detector 有权
标题翻译：高分辨率相互作用的PET检测器
公开(公告)号：US20090032717A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-05
申请号：US11830342
申请日：2007-07-30
申请人： Mehmet Aykac , Ronald Grazioso
发明人： Mehmet Aykac , Ronald Grazioso
IPC分类号： G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/2008 , G01T1/2018
摘要： A depth of interaction-sensitive crystal scintillation detector features crystal types that alternate in three-dimensional checkerboard fashion, each type having a different crystal decay time. One or more photosensors are disposed on each of at least two orthogonal surfaces. The scintillation detector provides improved depth of interaction resolution. The different crystal types are identified by pulse shape discrimination processing.
摘要翻译：相互作用敏感的晶体闪烁检测器的深度具有以三维棋盘方式交替的晶体类型，每种类型具有不同的晶体衰减时间。一个或多个光传感器被布置在至少两个正交表面中的每一个上。闪烁检测器提供改善的相互作用分辨率深度。通过脉冲形状识别处理识别不同的晶体类型。

5. 发明授权

US08791514B2 Providing variable cell density and sizes in a radiation detector 有权
标题翻译：在辐射检测器中提供可变细胞密度和尺寸
公开(公告)号：US08791514B2
公开(公告)日：2014-07-29
申请号：US13540079
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang
发明人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang
IPC分类号： H01L27/146 , G01T1/24
CPC分类号： G01T1/248 , H01L27/14658
摘要： An apparatus and method to decrease light saturation in a photosensor array and increase detection efficiency uses a light distribution profile from a scintillator-photodetector geometry to configure the photosensor array to have a non-uniform sensor cell pattern, with varying cell density and/or varying cell size and shape. A solid-state photosensor such as a SiPM sensor having such a non-uniform cell structure realizes improved energy resolution, higher efficiency and increased signal linearity. In addition the non-uniform sensor cell array can have improved timing resolution due to improvements in statistical fluctuations. A particular embodiment for such photosensors is in PET medical imaging.
摘要翻译：降低光传感器阵列中的光饱和度并提高检测效率的装置和方法使用来自闪烁体 - 光电检测器几何形状的光分布分布来配置光传感器阵列具有不均匀的传感器单元图案，具有变化的单元密度和/或变化细胞大小和形状。诸如具有这种非均匀单元结构的SiPM传感器的固态光电传感器实现了改进的能量分辨率，更高的效率和更高的信号线性度。此外，由于统计波动的改善，非均匀传感器单元阵列可以改善时序分辨率。这种感光器的特定实施例是在PET医学成像中。

6. 发明申请

US20130009063A1 System and Method for Improving Detection of Gamma Interactions in a Positron Emission Tomography System 有权
标题翻译：用于改善正电子发射断层扫描系统中伽马相互作用检测的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20130009063A1
公开(公告)日：2013-01-10
申请号：US13539915
申请日：2012-07-02
申请人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand , Sanghee Cho
发明人： Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand , Sanghee Cho
IPC分类号： G01T1/164
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/00 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/00
摘要： A system and method are provided for determining the onset of gamma interactions for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging more accurately than with existing techniques. The timing of a sequence of primary trigger events is obtained and used to determine a weighted combination, which mixes the timing information from the various primary trigger events to compute an overall event trigger timing with improved time resolution. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the invention improves time resolution by approximately 10% over state-of-the-art methods. This improved time resolution directly benefits the imaging performance of the PET scanner, especially in time-of-flight (TOF) mode, where a high time resolution directly translates to a reduction in image noise at the same dose—or, alternatively, a reduction of dose to the patient or scan time for the same image quality.
摘要翻译：提供了一种系统和方法，用于比现有技术更准确地确定正电子发射断层摄影（PET）成像的γ相互作用的发生。获得主要触发事件序列的定时并用于确定加权组合，其混合来自各种主要触发事件的定时信息以通过改进的时间分辨率计算总体事件触发时序。数值模拟表明，本发明使用最先进的方法将时间分辨率提高约10％。这种改进的时间分辨率直接有利于PET扫描仪的成像性能，特别是在飞行时间（TOF）模式下，其中高时间分辨率直接转换为以相同剂量降低图像噪声，或者替代地，减少给予患者剂量或扫描时间相同的图像质量。

7. 发明申请

US20100074396A1 MEDICAL IMAGING WITH BLACK SILICON PHOTODETECTOR 审中-公开
标题翻译：用黑色硅胶片进行医学成像
公开(公告)号：US20100074396A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-25
申请号：US12498101
申请日：2009-07-06
申请人： Matthias J. Schmand , Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Mark S. Andreaco
发明人： Matthias J. Schmand , Debora Henseler , Ronald Grazioso , Nan Zhang , Mark S. Andreaco
IPC分类号： A61B6/03 , G01T1/24 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 , A61B6/032 , A61B6/037
摘要： Medical imaging may be accomplished with a high photoconductive gain at a relatively low operating voltage by employing a black silicon photodetector and integrating CMOS components with elements of the photodetector.
摘要翻译：通过采用黑硅光电检测器并将CMOS部件与光电检测器的元件集成，可以在相对低的工作电压下以高的光电导增益实现医学成像。

8. 发明申请

US20090121141A1 IMPLEMENTATION OF WAVELENGTH SHIFTERS IN PHOSWICH DETECTORS 有权
标题翻译：波长检测器中波长切片的实现
公开(公告)号：US20090121141A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-14
申请号：US12110554
申请日：2008-04-28
申请人： Lars A. Eriksson , Charles L. Melcher , Ronald Grazioso
发明人： Lars A. Eriksson , Charles L. Melcher , Ronald Grazioso
IPC分类号： G01T1/166 , G01T1/164
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , G01T1/2008 , G01T1/202
摘要： A phoswich device for determining depth of interaction (DOI) includes a wavelength shifting layer between first and second scintillators of different scintillation materials and having different decay time characteristics. The wavelength shifting layer allows a true phoswich device to be constructed where the emission wavelength of one scintillator is in the peak excitation band of the other scintillator, by shifting the scintillation light outside of this excitation band to prevent scintillation light of one scintillator from exciting a response in the other scintillator, thus enabling unique identification of the location of a gamma photon scintillation event. The phoswich device is particularly applicable to positron emission tomography (PET) applications.
摘要翻译：用于确定相互作用深度（DOI）的检测装置包括在不同闪烁材料的第一和第二闪烁体之间的波长移位层并且具有不同的衰减时间特性。波长偏移层允许在一个闪烁器的发射波长处于另一个闪烁体的峰值激发频带内的情况下，通过将闪烁光线移动到该激发频带外部，以防止一个闪烁体的闪烁光束激发在另一个闪烁体中的响应，从而使得能够唯一地识别γ光子闪烁事件的位置。特殊设备特别适用于正电子发射断层摄影（PET）应用。

9. 发明申请

US20090108206A1 MR-Compatible Blood Sampling System For PET Imaging Applications in Combined PET/MR Imaging System 有权
标题翻译： MR兼容血液采样系统用于PET / MR成像系统的PET成像应用
公开(公告)号：US20090108206A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-30
申请号：US12260966
申请日：2008-10-29
申请人： Johannes Breuer , Ronald Grazioso , James Corbeil , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand
发明人： Johannes Breuer , Ronald Grazioso , James Corbeil , Nan Zhang , Matthias J. Schmand
IPC分类号： G01T1/164 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01R33/28 , A61B5/150992 , G01R33/481 , G01T1/1603
摘要： An automated blood sampling system for PET imaging applications that can be operated in or very near to the field of view (FOV) of an MR scanner, such as in a combined MR/PET imaging system. A radiation detector uses APDs (avalanche photo-diodes) to collect scintillation light from crystals in which the positron-electron annihilation photons are absorbed. The necessary gamma shielding is made from a suitable shielding material, preferably tungsten polymer composite. Because the APDs are quite small and are magnetically insensitive, they can be operated in the strong magnetic field of an MR apparatus without disturbance.
摘要翻译：用于PET成像应用的自动采血系统，其可以在MR扫描器的视野（FOV）中或非常接近的范围内操作，例如在组合的MR / PET成像系统中。辐射检测器使用APD（雪崩光电二极管）从正电子 - 电子湮灭光子被吸收的晶体中收集闪烁光。必要的伽马屏蔽由合适的屏蔽材料制成，优选钨聚合物复合材料。由于APD相当小并且磁性不敏感，所以它们可以在无扰动的MR设备的强磁场中操作。

10. 发明申请

US20130032721A1 PET Scanner with Emission and Transmission Structures in a Checkerboard Configuration 有权
标题翻译： PET扫描仪配有排版和传输结构
公开(公告)号：US20130032721A1
公开(公告)日：2013-02-07
申请号：US13198804
申请日：2011-08-05
申请人： Christian J. Michel , Maurizio Conti , Ronald Grazioso , Piotr Szupryczynski , A. Andrew Carey , Larry Byars
发明人： Christian J. Michel , Maurizio Conti , Ronald Grazioso , Piotr Szupryczynski , A. Andrew Carey , Larry Byars
IPC分类号： G01T1/202 , G01T1/20
CPC分类号： G01T1/2985 , A61B6/037 , G01T1/1615 , G01T1/202
摘要： Apparatuses, computer-readable mediums, and methods are provided. In one embodiment, a positron emission tomography (“PET”) detector array is provided which includes a plurality of crystal elements arranged in a two-dimensional checkerboard configuration. In addition, there are empty spaces in the checkerboard configuration. In various embodiments, the empty spaces are filled with passive shielding, transmission source assemblies, biopsy instruments, surgical instruments, and/or electromagnetic sensors. In various embodiments, the crystal elements and the transmission source assemblies simultaneously perform emission/transmission acquisitions.
摘要翻译：提供了设备，计算机可读介质和方法。在一个实施例中，提供了一种正电子发射断层摄影（PET）检测器阵列，其包括以二维棋盘配置布置的多个晶体元件。另外，棋盘配置中有空格。在各种实施例中，空的空间填充有无源屏蔽，传输源组件，活检仪器，外科器械和/或电磁传感器。在各种实施例中，晶体元件和传输源组件同时执行发射/传输采集。

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