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    • 8. 发明授权
    • Tube-encased fiber grating
    • 管状光纤光栅
    • US06519388B1
    • 2003-02-11
    • US09455865
    • 1999-12-06
    • Mark R. FernaldTimothy J. BaileyMatthew B. MillerJames M. SullivanMichael A. DavisPeter OgleAlan D. KerseyMartin A. PutnamRobert N. BrucatoPaul E. Sanders
    • Mark R. FernaldTimothy J. BaileyMatthew B. MillerJames M. SullivanMichael A. DavisPeter OgleAlan D. KerseyMartin A. PutnamRobert N. BrucatoPaul E. Sanders
    • G02B634
    • G02B6/022G02B6/0218
    • A tube-encased fiber grating includes an optical fiber 10 having at least one Bragg grating 12 impressed therein which is embedded within a glass capillary tube 20. Light 14 is incident on the grating 12 and light 16 is reflected at a reflection wavelength &lgr;1. The shape of the tube 20 may be other geometries (e.g., a “dogbone” shape) and/or more than one concentric tube may be used or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used. The fiber 10 may be doped at least between a pair of gratings 150,152, encased in the tube 20 to form a tube-encased compression-tuned fiber laser or the grating 12 or gratings 150,152 may be constructed as a tunable DFB fiber laser encased in the tube 20. Also, the tube 20 may have an inner region 22 which is tapered away from the fiber 10 to provide strain relief for the fiber 10, or the tube 20 may have tapered (or fluted) sections 27 which have an outer geometry that decreases down to the fiber 10 and provides added fiber pull strength. Also, the tube-encased grating 12 exhibits lower mode coupling from the fiber core to the cladding modes due to the increased diameter of the cladding where the tube 20 is fused to the fiber 10 where the grating is located 12.
    • 管状光纤光栅包括光纤10,其具有嵌入其中的至少一个布拉格光栅12,该布拉格光栅12嵌入玻璃毛细管20内。光14入射到光栅12上,光16以反射波长lambd1反射。 管20的形状可以是其他几何形状(例如,“狗骨”形状)和/或可以使用多于一个的同心管,或者可以使用多于一个的光栅或一对光栅。 纤维10可以至少掺杂在一对光栅150,152之间,封装在管20中以形成管封装的压缩调谐光纤激光器,或者光栅12或光栅150,152可被构造为包含在该光纤12中的可调DFB光纤激光器。 管20也可以具有内部区域22,该内部区域22远离纤维10逐渐变细,以为纤维10提供应变消除,或者管20可以具有锥形(或凹槽)部分27,其具有外部几何形状 降低到纤维10并提供增加的纤维拉伸强度。 此外,由于包层的直径增加,管20被熔合到光栅位于12处的光纤10,管状光栅12表现出从纤维芯到包层模式的较低模式耦合。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Apparatus having an array of piezoelectric film sensors for measuring parameters of a process flow within a pipe
    • 具有用于测量管道内的工艺流程的参数的压电膜传感器阵列的装置
    • US07474966B2
    • 2009-01-06
    • US11521627
    • 2006-09-14
    • Mark R. FernaldMichael A. DavisAlan D. KerseyDouglas LooseTimothy J. Bailey
    • Mark R. FernaldMichael A. DavisAlan D. KerseyDouglas LooseTimothy J. Bailey
    • G06F19/00
    • G01F1/712G01F1/74
    • A apparatus 10,110,170 is provided that measures the speed of sound and/or vortical disturbances propagating in a single phase fluid flow and/or multiphase mixture to determine parameters, such as mixture quality, particle size, vapor/mass ratio, liquid/vapor ratio, mass flow rate, enthalpy and volumetric flow rate of the flow in a pipe, by measuring acoustic and/or dynamic pressures. The apparatus includes a spatial array of unsteady pressure sensors 15-18 placed at predetermined axial locations x1-xN disposed axially along the pipe 14. The pressure sensors 15-18 provide acoustic pressure signals P1(t)-PN(t) to a signal processing unit 30 which determines the speed of sound amix propagating through of the process flow 12 flowing in the pipe 14. The pressure sensors are piezoelectric film sensors that are mounted or clamped onto the outer surface of the pipe at the respective axial location.
    • 提供了一种装置10,110,170,其测量在单相流体流和/或多相混合物中传播的声速和/或涡流干扰的速度,以确定参数,例如混合质量,粒度,蒸气/质量比,液体/蒸气比, 质量流量,管道中流量的焓和体积流量,通过测量声学和/或动态压力。 该装置包括放置在沿管14轴向设置的预定轴向位置x1-xN处的不稳定压力传感器15-18的空间阵列。压力传感器15-18向信号提供声压信号P1(t)-PN(t) 处理单元30,其确定在管14中流动的工艺流程12传播的声音amix的速度。压力传感器是压电膜传感器,其在相应的轴向位置处安装或夹紧在管的外表面上。