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1. 发明授权

US4809519A Methods and apparatuses for conducting solid-liquid-vapor multiple phase transformation operations 失效
标题翻译：用于进行固 - 液 - 蒸汽多相变换操作的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4809519A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US177668
申请日：1988-04-18
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng , Wu-Cheh Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng , Wu-Cheh Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D9/00 , B01D9/04 , C02F1/22
CPC分类号： B01D9/04 , B01D9/0022
摘要： The invention is a method with equipments for conducting the solid-liquid-vapor multiple phase transformation steps of processes such as vacuum freezing, wet distillative freezing, vacuum crystallization and primary refrigerant eutectic freezing. All these processes require simultaneous vaporization and crystallization. The invented method for conducting this common step consists of (1) distributing the solution over a rotating surface area to form liquid films (2) subjecting the liquid films to simultaneous vaporization and crystallization (3) removing the crystals from the surfaces and (4) transporting the crystals to the next processing zone. The surfaces can be rotating screws with intermeshing flights or a sets of disks on rotating shafts. The screws are partially submerged in the solution. Elements of the screws are wetted when they are rotated into the pool. Vaporization and crystallization occur when the screw elements are rotated out of the pool because the vessel is maintained at a pressure below the multiple phase--that is solid-liquid-vapor--equilibrium pressure of the solution. The crystals either dislodge from the elements when the elements re-enter the pool or they build up to a certain thickness and are then rubbed off by the crystal buildup on the intermeshing screw. Whether the crystals float or sink, they are conveyed by the screws to the next processing zone. Disk arrangements can be used just like the screws. However, a separate conveying screw is needed to transport the crystals.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种用于进行真空冷冻，湿蒸馏冷冻，真空结晶和一次制冷剂共晶冷冻等工序的固液相蒸发多相转化工序的设备的方法。所有这些方法都需要同时蒸发和结晶。本发明方法为（1）将溶液分布在旋转表面区域上形成液膜（2）使液膜同时蒸发和结晶（3）从表面除去晶体;（4）将晶体运送到下一个处理区。表面可以是旋转的螺钉，其具有相互啮合的飞行或旋转轴上的一组盘。螺丝部分浸没在溶液中。当螺丝旋转到池中时，螺丝的元件会润湿。当螺旋元件旋转离开池时，发生蒸发和结晶，因为容器保持在低于溶液的固 - 液 - 蒸气 - 平衡压力的多相的压力。当元素重新进入池中或者它们积聚到一定厚度时，晶体或者从元素中移出，然后通过相互啮合的螺钉上的晶体积累而被擦掉。无论晶体是浮动还是下沉，它们都被螺丝传送到下一个处理区。磁盘布置可以像螺丝一样使用。然而，需要单独的输送螺杆来运输晶体。

2. 发明授权

US4079596A Heat engines and heat pumps 失效
标题翻译：热机和热泵
公开(公告)号：US4079596A
公开(公告)日：1978-03-21
申请号：US669719
申请日：1976-03-24
申请人： Chen-yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： F03G7/06 , F24D11/02 , F25B29/00 , F25B30/00 , F25B23/00
CPC分类号： F24D11/02 , F03G7/06 , F25B29/00 , F25B30/00 , Y02B30/126
摘要： The present invention introduces a heat engine, or a heat pump, in which the working medium used is subjected alternatively to solidification and melting operations. A working medium so used is referred to as an S/L type working medium. In a new heat engine, an S/L type working medium is subjected to cyclic operations, each cycle comprises of a high temperature melting step conducted under a first pressure, and a low temperature solidification step conducted under a second pressure. In a new heat pump, each cycle comprises of a high temperature solidification step conducted under a first pressure and a low temperature melting step conducted under a second pressure. When a non-aqueous medium is used, the first pressure and the second pressure are a relatively high pressure and a relatively low pressure, respectively. When an aqueous medium is used the two pressures are a relatively low pressure and a relatively high pressure, respectively. It is noted that the operation of a heat pump is the reverse operation of a heat engine.
摘要翻译：本发明引入一种热机或热泵，其中使用的工作介质交替进行凝固和熔化操作。所使用的工作介质被称为S / L型工作介质。在新的热机中，S / L型工作介质进行循环操作，每个循环包括在第一压力下进行的高温熔融步骤和在第二压力下进行的低温固化步骤。在新的热泵中，每个循环包括在第二压力下进行的第一压力和低温熔融步骤下进行的高温固化步骤。当使用非水介质时，第一压力和第二压力分别是相对高的压力和相对低的压力。当使用水介质时，两个压力分别是相对较低的压力和相对较高的压力。注意，热泵的操作是热机的反向操作。

3. 发明授权

US4650507A Wet and dry distillative freezing process for separating mixtures and apparatuses for use therein 失效
标题翻译：用于分离其中使用的混合物和设备的湿和干蒸馏冷冻方法
公开(公告)号：US4650507A
公开(公告)日：1987-03-17
申请号：US744070
申请日：1985-05-21
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： A22C9/00 , F25J5/00
CPC分类号： A22C9/008
摘要： Distillative Freezing Process is an energy conserving process for separating mixtures and superpurifying chemicals. The wet and dry distillative freezing process disclosed represents a major improvement to the distillative freezing technology and has significantly broadened its application field: the drying-up temperature and pressure are significantly higher than those of the corresponding direct dry process and a major fraction of low volatility impurities in the feed can also be removed. A basic wet and dry distillative freezing process comprises (a) a first step of transforming a liquid feed mixture into a first solid-liquid mixture, denoted as K.sub.1 mixture, (b) a second step of washing the K.sub.1 mixture with a wash liquid to thereby form a second solid-liquid mixture, denoted as K.sub.2 mixture, and an impure liquid L.sub.2, and (c) a third step of subjecting the K.sub.2 mixture to a dry distillative freezing operation to thereby form a mass of refined solid phase, denoted as S.sub.3, and a low pressure vapor V.sub.3. Various wash liquids may be used in the crystal washing step. It is important to note that the wash liquid used does not have to be a pure liquid but may contain some volatile impurities. This is so because the volatile impurities in the wash liquid will be taken up in the K.sub.2 mixture and will be removed in the dry distillative freezing step. Solid Recycle Distillative Freezing Process is another version in which K.sub.2 mixtures is formed by mixing the feed with a mass of recycled solid and subjecting the K.sub.2 mixture to a dry distillative freezing operation.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US85 / 00967 Sec。 371日期1985年5月21日第 102（e）日期1985年5月21日PCT提交1985年5月21日PCT公布。公开号WO84 / 00096 日期1984年1月19日。脱模冷冻工艺是一种分离混合物和超级化学品的节能方法。所公开的湿和干蒸馏冷冻方法代表了蒸馏冷冻技术的重大改进，并且显着拓宽了其应用领域：干燥温度和压力明显高于相应的直接干燥过程和低挥发性的主要部分饲料中的杂质也可以被去除。基本的湿和干蒸馏冷冻方法包括（a）将液体进料混合物转化为第一固体 - 液体混合物的第一步骤，表示为K1混合物，（b）第二步，用洗涤液将K1混合物洗涤至从而形成表示为K2混合物的第二固体 - 液体混合物和不纯液体L2，和（c）第三步骤，对K2混合物进行干蒸馏冷冻操作，从而形成一批精制固相，表示为 S3和低压蒸气V3。在洗涤步骤中可以使用各种洗涤液体。重要的是注意使用的洗涤液不一定是纯液体，而是可能含有一些挥发性杂质。这是因为洗涤液中的挥发性杂质将被吸收在K2混合物中，并且将在干蒸馏冷冻步骤中除去。固体回收蒸馏冷冻过程是通过将进料与大量再循环固体混合并使K2混合物进行干蒸馏冷冻操作而形成K2混合物的另一种形式。

4. 发明授权

US3953973A Heat engine and heat pump utilizing a working medium undergoing solidification and melting operations 失效
标题翻译：热机和热泵利用工作介质进行凝固和熔化操作
公开(公告)号：US3953973A
公开(公告)日：1976-05-04
申请号：US474317
申请日：1974-05-29
申请人： Chen-yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： F03G7/06 , F24D11/02 , F25B29/00 , F25B30/00
CPC分类号： F24D11/02 , F03G7/06 , F25B29/00 , F25B30/00 , Y02B30/126
摘要： The present invention introduces a heat engine, or a heat pump, in which the working medium used is subjected alternatively to solidification and melting operations. A working medium so used is referred to as an S/L type working medium. In a new heat engine, an S/L type working medium is subjected to cyclic operations, each cycle comprises of a high temperature melting step conducted under a first pressure, and a low temperature solidification step conducted under a second pressure. In a new heat pump, each cycle comprises of a high temperature solidification step conducted under a first pressure and a low temperature melting step conducted under a second pressure. When a non-aqueous medium is used, the first pressure and the second pressure are a relatively high pressure and a relatively low pressure, respectively. When an aqueous medium is used the two pressures are a relatively low pressure and a relatively high pressure, respectively. it is noted that the operation of a heat pump is the reverse operation of a heat engine.
摘要翻译：本发明引入一种热机或热泵，其中使用的工作介质交替进行凝固和熔化操作。所使用的工作介质被称为S / L型工作介质。在新的热机中，对S / L型工作介质进行循环操作，每个循环包括在第一压力下进行的高温熔融步骤和在第二压力下进行的低温凝固步骤。在新的热泵中，每个循环包括在第二压力下进行的第一压力和低温熔融步骤下进行的高温固化步骤。当使用非水介质时，第一压力和第二压力分别是相对高的压力和相对低的压力。当使用水介质时，两个压力分别是相对较低的压力和相对较高的压力。注意，热泵的操作是热机的反向操作。

5. 发明授权

US4810274A Vacuum freezing ambient pressure melting (VFAPM) process and sub-triple point vapor processing unit for use therein 失效
标题翻译：真空冷冻环境压力熔融（VFAPM）工艺和亚三重点蒸气处理装置
公开(公告)号：US4810274A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-07
申请号：US2124
申请日：1987-01-12
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D9/00 , B01D9/04 , C02F1/22 , C02F11/20 , F25J5/00
CPC分类号： C02F11/20 , B01D9/0009 , B01D9/04 , C02F1/22 , C02F2103/08
摘要： A new vacuum freezing separation process entitled "Vacuum Freezing Ambient Pressure Melting (VFAPM) Process" and a new apparatus entitled .cent.Sub-Triple Point Vapor Processing Unit" for generating and liquefying a sub-triple point vapor have been introduced. The process is useful in desalination, concentration of industrial solutions, water reuse and pollution abatement. The vapor processing unit can be used in vacuum freezing processes, distillative freezing processes, freeze-drying processes and other processes in which sub-triple point vapors are generated and are to be liquefied.The VFAPM Process is conducted in two processing zones, a vacuum processing zone and an ambient pressure processing zone. A vacuum freezing operation of generating a first vapor (a sub-triple point vapor) and a first condensed mass containing solvent crystals and a two-stage liquefaction of the first vapor are conducted in the vacuum processing zone; a crystal washing operation and a crystal melting operation are conducted in the ambient pressure processing zone. The Sub-Triple Point Vapor Processing Unit is an apparatus for generating a sub-triple point vapor and subjecting the vapor to a two-stage liquefaction operation involving a desublimation operation and a desublimate melting operation. The VFAPM Process is insensitive to corrosion, scale formation and fouling problems. It can handle many chemicals and solutions and it can attain a high degree of concentration of various industrial solutions and polluted solutions.
摘要翻译：已经介绍了一种名为“真空冷冻环境压力熔化（VFAPM）工艺”的新型真空冷冻分离方法和一种用于产生和液化亚三重点蒸汽的标题为“三亚三点蒸馏处理装置”的新装置，该方法是有用的海水淡化，工业解决方案集中，再利用和污染减排，蒸汽处理单元可用于真空冷冻过程，蒸馏冷冻过程，冷冻干燥过程和其他生成亚三重点蒸气的过程液化，VFAPM工艺在两个加工区域，真空处理区和环境压力处理区进行，产生第一蒸气（亚三重点蒸气）和含溶剂晶体的第一浓缩物质的真空冷冻操作和第一蒸气的两级液化在真空处理区域进行;晶体洗涤操作和晶体熔融曲面在环境压力处理区进行。亚三点蒸汽处理单元是用于产生亚三重点蒸气并使蒸汽进行涉及去共沸操作和稀释熔化操作的两阶段液化操作的装置。 VFAPM工艺对腐蚀，结垢和结垢问题不敏感。它可以处理许多化学品和解决方案，可以实现各种工业解决方案和污染解决方案的高度集中。

6. 发明授权

US4433558A Parallel contact distillative freezing process for separating volatile mixtures and apparatuses for use therein 失效
标题翻译：用于分离挥发性混合物的平行接触蒸馏冷冻方法和用于其中的装置
公开(公告)号：US4433558A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-28
申请号：US307507
申请日：1981-10-01
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D7/02 , B01D9/04
CPC分类号： B01D7/02 , B01D9/04
摘要： The parallel contact distillative freezing process is an improved distillative freezing process. The distillative freezing process is used in separating a mixture containing at least two volatile components, denoted respectively as A-component and B-component, by simultaneously vaporizing the two components from the mixture under a sufficiently reduced pressure to simultaneously crystalline B-component. The vapor mixture obtained is brought to a condensed state by lowering its temperature a few degrees without substantially pressurizing it. The process may be continued to completely eliminate the liquid phase and bring the mixture into the two phase solid-vapor region. Then, the solid phase is no longer contaminated by the adhering liquid phase and gives a high purity B-component on melting. The parallel contact distillative freezing process is conducted within an elongated processing zone, wherein feed is introduced at one end and the purified B-solid and the low pressure vapor are both discharged at the other end. The vapor, solid and liquid are all transferred in the same direction; the vapor is allowed to interact with the liquid constantly as the vaporization and solidification take place.
摘要翻译：平行接触蒸馏冷冻过程是一种改进的蒸馏冷冻过程。蒸馏冷冻方法用于分离含有至少两种挥发性组分的混合物，分别表示为A组分和B组分，通过在充分降低的压力下从混合物中同时蒸发两种组分同时结晶的B组分。所获得的蒸汽混合物通过将其温度降低几度而不会对其进行基本加压而进入冷凝状态。该过程可以继续完全消除液相并使混合物进入两相固体蒸汽区域。然后，固相不再被粘附液相污染，并在熔化时产生高纯度的B成分。平行接触蒸馏冷冻过程在细长的处理区域内进行，其中进料在一端被引入，并且纯化的B-固体和低压蒸汽都在另一端排出。蒸汽，固体和液体均以相同方向转移; 当蒸发和凝固发生时，允许蒸气与液体不断相互作用。

7. 发明授权

US4218893A Distillative freezing process for separating volatile mixtures and apparatuses for use therein 失效
标题翻译：用于分离挥发性混合物的蒸馏冷冻方法和用于其中的装置
公开(公告)号：US4218893A
公开(公告)日：1980-08-26
申请号：US930312
申请日：1978-08-02
申请人： Chen-yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D9/04
CPC分类号： B01D9/04
摘要： The distillative freezing process disclosed is useful in separating a mixture containing at least two volatile components, denoted respectively as A-component and B-component, by simultaneously vaporizing the two components from the mixture under a sufficiently reduced pressure to simultaneously crystallize B-component. The vapor mixture obtained is brought to a condensed state either by a simple condensation operation or a condensation-desublimation operation without being substantially pressurized. The process may be conducted to completely eliminate the liquid phase and bring the mixture into the two phase solid-vapor region. Then, the solid phase in no longer contaminated by the adhering liquid phase and gives a high purity B-component on melting. The process is particularly useful in separating mixtures containing close boiling components, such as styrene-ethyl benzene mixtures, p-xylene-m-xylene mixtures and ethylene-ethane mixtures. The process can therefore be used in producing high purity monomers for the plastic industries and high purity chemicals for other industries.
摘要翻译：所公开的蒸馏冷冻方法可用于分离含有至少两种挥发性组分的混合物，分别表示为A组分和B组分，同时在充分降低的压力下从混合物中蒸发两种组分以同时结晶B组分。所获得的蒸气混合物通过简单的冷凝操作或冷凝 - 冷凝 - 操作而不会基本上被加压而进入冷凝状态。该过程可以进行以完全消除液相并使混合物进入两相固体蒸汽区域。然后，固相不再被粘附液相污染，并在熔化时得到高纯度的B成分。该方法特别可用于分离含有近沸点组分的混合物，例如苯乙烯 - 乙苯混合物，对二甲苯 - 间二甲苯混合物和乙烯 - 乙烷混合物。因此，该方法可用于生产用于塑料工业的高纯度单体和用于其它工业的高纯度化学品。

8. 发明授权

US4505728A Vacuum freezing multiple phase transformation process and apparatus for use therein 失效
标题翻译：真空冷冻多相转化工艺及其使用的装置
公开(公告)号：US4505728A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-19
申请号：US526261
申请日：1983-08-25
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D7/02 , B01D9/04 , C02F1/22
CPC分类号： B01D7/02 , B01D9/04 , C02F1/22 , C02F2103/08
摘要： Improved apparatuses and methods of operation for conducting the separation process entitled "Vacuum Freezing Multiple Phase Transformation Process (denoted as VFMPT Process)" have been introduced. Processing zones and valving means are properly arranged so that operations in most processing zones are continuous. An improved VFMPT plant can be operated simply and reliably and be constructed at a low cost. Corrosion problems, use of a low pressure compressor, use of an absorbing solution have been eliminated.A feed containing a volatile solvent and one or more non-volatile solutes is separated to produce a purified solvent product and a concentrate by the following steps: (a) a feed is flash vaporized in a vacuum freezing zone to form a first vapor and a first condensed mass containing solvent crystals and mother liquor, the pressure of the first vapor being lower than the triple point pressure of the solvent; (b) the first condensed mass is separated into a mass of purified solvent crystals and a concentrate in a crystal washing unit; (c) the first vapor is brought to a liquid state in a vapor liquefaction zone comprising several sub-zones by a two stage transformation involving vapor desublimation and desublimate melting operations; (d) a solvent stream is continuously vaporized in a thin film evaporator within a vapor generation zone to produce a continuous stream of second vapor whose pressure is somewhat higher than the triple point pressure of the solvent, (e) the solvent vapor is brought in contact with the purified solvent crystals to thereby melt the crystals and condense the vapor. The desublimate melting operation may also be accomplished by bringing a part of the second vapor in contact with the desublimate. A unique set of valving means are used to control flows of first and second vapors to the vapor liquefaction sub-zones.
摘要翻译：已经介绍了用于进行题为“真空冷冻多相变换过程（表示为VFMPT工艺）”的分离过程的改进的装置和操作方法。加工区域和阀门装置被适当地布置，使得大多数处理区域中的操作是连续的。改进的VFMPT工厂可以简单可靠地运行，并以低成本构建。已经消除了腐蚀问题，使用低压压缩机，使用吸收溶液。分离含有挥发性溶剂和一种或多种非挥发性溶质的原料以通过以下步骤产生纯化的溶剂产物和浓缩物：（a）将进料在真空冷冻区中闪蒸，形成第一蒸气和含有溶剂晶体和母液的第一缩合物质，第一蒸气的压力低于溶剂的三重点压力; （b）将第一冷凝物质分离成大量纯化溶剂晶体，并将浓缩物分离成晶体洗涤单元; （c）通过涉及气相沉积和稀释熔化操作的两阶段转化，使第一蒸汽在包含若干子区的蒸汽液化区中达到液态; （d）溶剂流在蒸汽产生区内的薄膜蒸发器中连续蒸发，以产生压力略高于溶剂的三重点压力的第二蒸气的连续流，（e）使溶剂蒸气进入与纯化的溶剂晶体接触，从而熔化晶体并冷凝蒸气。稀释的熔化操作也可以通过使一部分第二蒸气与稀释物接触来实现。使用独特的阀门装置来控制第一和第二蒸气到蒸气液化子区域的流动。

9. 发明授权

US4451273A Distillative freezing process for separating volatile mixtures and apparatuses for use therein 失效
标题翻译：用于分离挥发性混合物的蒸馏冷冻方法和用于其中的装置
公开(公告)号：US4451273A
公开(公告)日：1984-05-29
申请号：US480932
申请日：1983-03-31
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D7/02 , B01D9/04 , F25J3/00
CPC分类号： B01D7/02 , B01D9/04
摘要： The distillative freezing process disclosed is useful in separating and purifying a mixture that contains a volatile and crystallizing component and one or more volatile and non-crystallizing components by vaporizing the volatile components from the mixture under a sufficiently reduced pressure to thereby simultaneously form a mass of solid enriched with the crystallizing component. Two components of a mixture processed are denoted as the key components: one is the crystallizing component and is denoted as B-component; the other is the non-crystallizing component present in the greatest amount and is denoted as A-component. For a mixture to be processable by the process, it is necessary that the vapor pressure ratio of the key components be within a certain range and a low pressure phase diagram of the binary system of the key components belongs to certain types of phase diagrams.
摘要翻译：所公开的蒸馏冷冻方法可用于分离和纯化含有挥发性和结晶组分和一种或多种挥发性和非结晶性组分的混合物，通过在充分降低的压力下汽化来自混合物的挥发性组分，从而同时形成富含结晶组分的固体。将处理的混合物的两种成分表示为关键组分：一种是结晶组分，并表示为B-组分; 另一种是存在最大量的非结晶组分，并表示为A成分。对于通过该过程可加工的混合物，关键部件的蒸气压比必须在一定范围内，关键部件的二进制系统的低压相图必须属于某些类型的相图。

10. 发明授权

US4578093A Wet and dry distillative freezing process for separating mixtures and apparatuses for use therein 失效
标题翻译：用于分离其中使用的混合物和设备的湿和干蒸馏冷冻方法
公开(公告)号：US4578093A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-25
申请号：US613573
申请日：1984-05-24
申请人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
发明人： Chen-Yen Cheng , Sing-Wang Cheng
IPC分类号： B01D9/00 , B01D9/04 , F25J3/00
CPC分类号： B01D9/04 , B01D9/0009
摘要： A wet and dry distillative freezing process is provided which comprises (a) a first step of transforming a liquid feed mixture into a first solid-liquid mixture, denoted as K.sub.-1 mixture, by either a conventional freezing operation or a wet distillative freezing operation, (b) a second step of washing the K.sub.-1 mixture with a wash liquid to thereby form a second solid-liquid mixture, denoted as K.sub.o mixture, and an impure liquid L.sub.o, and (c) a third step of subjecting the K.sub.o mixture to a dry distillative freezing operation to thereby form a mass of refined solid phase, denoted as S.sub.1, and a low pressure vapor V.sub.1. Various wash liquids may be used in the crystal washing step. It is important to note that the wash liquid used does not have to be a pure liquid but may contain some volatile impurities. This is so, because the volatile impurities in the wash liquid will be taken up in the K.sub.o mixture and will be removed in the dry distillative freezing step. Convenient wash liquids to use are (a) a mass of the feed liquid, (b) a mass of the condensate liquid, and (c) a part of the product liquid. One may also use a solution containing the crystallizing component and a selected volatile component as a wash liquid.
摘要翻译：提供了一种湿和干蒸馏冷冻方法，其包括（a）通过常规冷冻操作或湿蒸馏冷冻操作将液体进料混合物转化为第一固体 - 液体混合物（表示为K-1混合物）的第一步骤，（b）用洗涤液洗涤K-1混合物，从而形成表示为Ko混合物的第二固体 - 液体混合物和不纯液体Lo的第二步骤，和（c）使Ko 混合物进行干蒸馏冷冻操作，从而形成表示为S1的精制固相质量和低压蒸汽V1。在洗涤步骤中可以使用各种洗涤液体。重要的是注意使用的洗涤液不一定是纯液体，而是可能含有一些挥发性杂质。这是因为洗涤液中的挥发性杂质将被吸收在Ko混合物中，并且将在干蒸馏冷冻步骤中除去。使用方便的洗涤液体是（a）一定量的进料液体，（b）一定量的冷凝液体，和（c）一部分产物液体。还可以使用含有结晶组分和选择的挥发性组分作为洗涤液的溶液。

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