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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Selective laser sintering with composite plastic material
    • 选择性激光烧结与复合塑料材料
    • US5733497A
    • 1998-03-31
    • US527840
    • 1995-09-13
    • Kevin P. McAleaPaul F. ForderhaseMark E. GanningerFrederic W. KunigAngelo J. Magistro
    • Kevin P. McAleaPaul F. ForderhaseMark E. GanningerFrederic W. KunigAngelo J. Magistro
    • C08J9/24B29C39/00B29C41/00B29C67/00B29C67/20B29K105/04C08J9/32C08K7/20C08L77/00C08L101/00B29C35/08B29C41/02
    • C08K7/20B29C39/003B29C41/003B29C67/0077
    • A composite powder specially adapted for use in selective laser sintering is disclosed. The composite powder includes a polymer powder dry mixed with a reinforcement powder, where the polymer powder has a melting temperature substantially lower than that of the reinforcement powder. In the case where nearfully dense parts are to be formed, the first constituent powder is preferably a semi-crystalline powder, for example nylon 11, of a composition suitable for forming near-fully dense parts when used unblended in selective laser sintering; if porous parts are desired, the polymer powder is an amorphous powder, such as polycarbonate, polystyrene, acrylates, and styrene/acrylate copolymers. The reinforcement powder is preferably microspheres of glass, preferably coated to enhance wetting and adhesion with the polymer powder when selective laser sintering is performed. Besides improving the stiffness and heat resistance of the part produced, the composite powder widens the process window over that provided by unblended powder, provides improved dimensional accuracy in the part produced, and facilitates roughbreakout and smooth finishing of the part produced.
    • 公开了一种特别适用于选择性激光烧结的复合粉末。 复合粉末包括与增强粉末混合的聚合物粉末,其中聚合物粉末的熔融温度基本上低于加强粉末的熔融温度。 在要形成接近密集部分的情况下,第一组分粉末优选为半结晶粉末,例如尼龙11,适合于在选择性激光烧结中未掺杂时形成近乎致密部分的组合物; 如果需要多孔部分,聚合物粉末是无定形粉末,例如聚碳酸酯,聚苯乙烯,丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物。 增强粉末优选是玻璃微球体,优选涂覆以在选择性激光烧结时增强与聚合物粉末的润湿性和粘合性。 除了提高所生产部件的刚度和耐热性之外,复合材料粉末使工艺窗口比非混合粉末提高了加工窗口的尺寸,提高了产品尺寸精度,并促进了生产部件的破裂和光滑整理。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Glass fiber reinforced vinyl chloride polymer products and process for
their preparation
    • 玻璃纤维增​​强氯乙烯聚合物产品及其制备方法
    • US4801627A
    • 1989-01-31
    • US897437
    • 1986-08-18
    • Douglas B. RahrigAngelo J. MagistroRichard G. Parker
    • Douglas B. RahrigAngelo J. MagistroRichard G. Parker
    • C08J5/08C08K7/14C08K9/08C08L27/06C08K9/00
    • C08J5/08C08K7/14C08K9/08C08J2327/00Y10T428/249948Y10T428/2962Y10T428/2964
    • Vinyl chloride (VC) resins, particularly poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC) are reinforced with glass fibers which have been sized with a particular aminosilane coupling agent and a particularly characterized basic film former. At the processing temperature of VC resin, containing a stabilizer against degradation during thermoforming, for example in an extruder, or on a mixing mill used to blend the resin with sized glass fibers, a reaction occurs between an aminosilane coupling agent and the VC resin which reaction involves C.dbd.C bonds in the homopolymer, provided the polymer film former in the size is more basic than poly(vinyl acetate) ("PVA"). The film former catalyzes the thermal dehydrohalogenation of the VC homopolymer at the fiber-resin interface so as to generate allylic Cl moieties in chains of the homopolymer, which moieties react with the amine groups of the aminosilane. The size is most conveniently coated on the fibers from a sizing solution, dispersion or emulsion containing the coupling agent and film former in which allylic Cl moieties in VC resin chains become covalently bonded to an aminosilane, so that even upon thorough extraction of a GFR VC composite with tetrahydrofuran (THF), sufficient bound VC resin remains so that X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) examination indicates that the ratio of total chlorine to total carbon remaining on the surface of the glass fibers, i.e. the ratio of the areas of the "Cl(2p)/C(1s)" peaks, is at least 0.91.
    • 氯乙烯(VC)树脂,特别是聚(氯乙烯)(PVC)和氯化聚(氯乙烯)(CPVC))用玻璃纤维增​​强,玻璃纤维的尺寸与特定的氨基硅烷偶联剂和特别表征的基础成膜剂一样。 在VC树脂的加工温度下,例如在挤压机中,或在用于将树脂与尺寸的玻璃纤维混合的混合机上含有稳定剂以防止降解,在氨基硅烷偶联剂和VC树脂之间发生反应 反应包括均聚物中的C = C键,只要聚合物成膜剂的尺寸比聚(乙酸乙烯酯)(“PVA”)更碱性。 成膜剂在纤维 - 树脂界面处催化VC均聚物的热脱卤化氢,以在均聚物的链中产生烯丙基Cl部分,该部分与氨基硅烷的胺基反应。 尺寸最方便地涂布在来自含有偶联剂和成膜剂的施胶溶液,分散体或乳液的纤维上,其中VC树脂链中的烯丙基Cl部分共价键合到氨基硅烷上,使得即使彻底提取GFR VC 与四氢呋喃(THF)复合,剩余足够结合的VC树脂,使得X射线光电子光谱(XPS)检查表明玻璃纤维表面上残留的总氯与总碳的比例,即 “Cl(2p)/ C(1s)”峰至少为0.91。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Hydrogen chloride recovery process
    • 氯化氢回收工艺
    • US4485081A
    • 1984-11-27
    • US470349
    • 1983-02-28
    • Angelo J. Magistro
    • Angelo J. Magistro
    • B01J23/72C01B7/01
    • C01B7/01B01J23/72
    • Oxidation of chlorinated hydrocarbons ("CHC") is effected in a fluidized bed of alumina catalyst-support on which is deposited a "soft" metal as the active catalytic ingredient, and the bed is fluidized with a nitrogen-free oxygen-containing stream of HCl gas, in conjunction with steam. The steam, in a particular range of proportions relative to the HCl, stifles the production of free Cl without blinding the active catalyst sites so that conversion of the CHCs is always at least 95%. The process comprises contacting the CHCs in the vapor phase with a fluidized bed of a catalyst-support on which is deposited an effective amount of iron, or copper, or both, in an active form, sufficient to convert in excess of 95% of the CHC on a molar basis, and the bed is fluidized with HCl, superheated steam and oxygen substantially free of nitrogen.In a particular embodiment using a single ("catoxid") reactor, the effluent is purged of water, unconverted CHCs, CO.sub.2 and some HCl, and the remaining predominantly HCl stream is recycled to the catoxid reactor. In another embodiment of the invention, the effluent from the catoxid reactor is fed to a second ("oxy") reactor to recover the HCl values by reaction with ethylene, air and HCl to produce 1,2-dichloroethane; the effluent from the catoxid reactor helps to fluidize the catalyst in the oxy reactor.
    • 氯化烃(“CHC”)的氧化在氧化铝催化剂载体的流化床中进行,其上沉积有“软”金属作为活性催化成分,并且用无氮氧含量的流 HCl气体,与蒸汽结合。 在相对于HCl的特定比例范围内的蒸汽抑制游离Cl的产生,而不会使活性催化剂位点发生盲目,使得CHC的转化率总是至少为95%。 该方法包括使气相中的CHC与催化剂载体的流化床接触,其上沉积有效量的活性形式的铁或铜或两者,足以转化超过95%的 CHC以摩尔为基准,床用HCl流化,过热蒸汽和基本上不含氮的氧气。 在使用单个(“催化氧化”)反应器的特定实施方案中,流出物被清除水,未转化的CHC,CO 2和一些HCl,并且剩余的主要是HCl流被再循环到催化反应器中。 在本发明的另一个实施方案中,将来自催化氧化反应器的流出物进料至第二(“氧”)反应器以通过与乙烯,空气和HCl反应产生1,2-二氯乙烷来回收HCl值; 来自催化氧化反应器的流出物有助于使氧反应器中的催化剂流化。