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1. 发明授权

US07162108B2 Planar lightwave circuit variable optical attenuator 有权
标题翻译：平面光波电路可变光衰减器
公开(公告)号：US07162108B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-09
申请号：US11015223
申请日：2004-12-17
申请人： Anca L. Sala , Duncan W. Harwood , Barthelemy Fondeur , Anantharaman Vaidyanathan , Robert J. Brainard , Sanjay M. Thekdi , Thomas T. Nguyen , Ian Hutagalung
发明人： Anca L. Sala , Duncan W. Harwood , Barthelemy Fondeur , Anantharaman Vaidyanathan , Robert J. Brainard , Sanjay M. Thekdi , Thomas T. Nguyen , Ian Hutagalung
IPC分类号： G02F1/01 , G02F1/035 , G02F1/00 , G02B26/00 , G02B6/26 , G02B6/42
CPC分类号： G02F1/0147 , G02B6/12007 , G02B6/266 , G02F1/21 , G02F2001/0113 , G02F2001/212 , G02F2203/06
摘要： The invention relates to a variable optical attenuator constructed as a Mach Zehnder planar lightwave circuit, particularly including a channel waveguide support structure for heat isolation and stress relief to reduce polarization dependent loss (PDL) and power consumption in the device. Power reduction trenches comprise longitudinal segments having small stress relief pillars of cladding material left in between them in the etching process. The waveguides of the MZI are supported by a main pillar structure and integral stress relief pillars which remain after removal of the trenches. The waveguide is surrounded by air on three sides for improved heat isolation. The performance of the present invention shows substantial improvement in PDL and extinction ratio over the prior art continuous trench design, and also, to a smaller degree, over the case where power reduction trenches are not used at all. Segmented trenches appear to allow for the lowest stress on the two waveguide arms of all the cases including no trench and trenched devices.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种构成马赫曾德平面光波回路的可变光衰减器，特别是包括用于隔热和应力释放的通道波导支撑结构，以减少器件中的偏振相关损耗（PDL）和功耗。功率减小沟槽包括在蚀刻工艺中在它们之间具有小的应力消除柱的包层材料的纵向段。 MZI的波导由主柱结构和消除沟槽后保留的积分应力消除柱支撑。波导三面被空气包围，以改善热隔离。与现有技术的连续沟槽设计相比，本发明的性能显示出PDL和消光比的显着改善，并且在更少的程度上，在完全不使用功率降低沟槽的情况下。分段沟槽似乎允许在所有情况下的两个波导臂上的最小应力，包括没有沟槽和沟槽的器件。

2. 发明授权

US07171085B2 Polarization compensated optical tap 有权
标题翻译：极化补偿光学抽头
公开(公告)号：US07171085B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-30
申请号：US10629143
申请日：2003-07-29
申请人： David J. Dougherty , Pang-Chen Sun , Duncan W. Harwood
发明人： David J. Dougherty , Pang-Chen Sun , Duncan W. Harwood
IPC分类号： G02B6/26 , G02B6/00
CPC分类号： G02B6/125 , G02B6/126 , G02B2006/12119
摘要： A polarization compensated planar waveguide branch is disclosed having a planar optical trunk waveguide for transporting a linearly un-polarized optical signal having TE and TM modes. A planar optical branch waveguide, capable of supporting TE and TM modes is optically coupled to the trunk waveguide such that at least a portion of an optical signal propagating within the trunk waveguide will couple into the branch waveguide with an undesired imbalance, having stronger TM mode coupling than TE mode coupling for the at least the portion of the optical signal which couples into the branch waveguide from the trunk waveguide. A portion of said branch waveguide downstream from a region where coupling takes place between the trunk and branch waveguides or a waveguide portion optically coupled thereto, receives the at least a portion of the optical signal, and has at least a predetermined bend with a predetermined radius for compensating for the unwanted imbalance in the TM and TE mode caused by light optically coupling into the branch from the trunk waveguide.
摘要翻译：公开了一种偏振补偿平面波导分支，其具有用于传输具有TE和TM模式的线性非偏振光信号的平面光中继波导。能够支持TE和TM模式的平面光学分支波导光学耦合到主干波导，使得在主干波导内传播的光信号的至少一部分将以不期望的不平衡耦合到分支波导中，具有更强的TM模式耦合到TE模式耦合，用于耦合到主干波导的分支波导的光信号的至少一部分。所述分支波导的一部分在从主干和分支波导之间发生耦合的区域下游，或者与光耦合到其上的波导部分接收，接收光信号的至少一部分，并且具有至少预定的具有预定半径的弯曲部用于补偿由光纤耦合到主干波导的分支引起的TM和TE模式中的不期望的不平衡。

3. 发明授权

US07099548B2 Reduction of polarization dependence in planar optical waveguides 有权
标题翻译：降低平面光波导中的偏振依赖性
公开(公告)号：US07099548B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-29
申请号：US11070323
申请日：2005-03-02
申请人： Duncan W. Harwood
发明人： Duncan W. Harwood
IPC分类号： G02B6/10
CPC分类号： G02B6/126 , G02F2202/40
摘要： The invention relates to a method of reducing polarization dependence in planar optical waveguides using index and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) matched material between the optical waveguide core and the cladding layer. For coupled mode devices such as the directional coupler or mode conversion horn polarization sensitivity has been linked to birefringence in the cladding, since their operation is dependent on co-propagation of fundamental and higher order mode(s), which are not as strongly confined to the waveguide core. Polarization sensitivity can be reduced by reducing the CTE mismatch between the core and cladding, or by moving the birefringence away from the core/cladding boundary, or both. To accomplish this, silica material, or similar material for refractive index (RI) and CTE matching is applied between the core and cladding to waveguide features where significant transmission occurs in the cladding.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及使用光波导芯与包层之间的折射率和热膨胀系数（CTE）匹配材料来减小平面光波导中的偏振相关性的方法。对于诸如定向耦合器或模式转换的耦合模式器件，喇叭极化灵敏度已经与包层中的双折射相关联，因为它们的操作取决于基极和高阶模的共同传播，其不被强烈地局限于波导芯。通过降低芯和包层之间的CTE不匹配，或通过将双折射移动离开芯/包层边界或两者，可以降低极化灵敏度。为了实现这一点，将二氧化硅材料或用于折射率（RI）和CTE匹配的类似材料施加在芯和包层之间到波导特征，其中在包层中发生显着的透射。

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