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1. 发明授权

US06455219B1 Semicontinuous emulsion polymerization process for making silica-containing latex for toners 失效
标题翻译：用于制造调色剂的二氧化硅胶乳的半连续乳液聚合方法
公开(公告)号：US06455219B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-24
申请号：US09885957
申请日：2001-06-22
申请人： Allan K. Chen , Tie Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Kimberly D. Nosella , Danielle C. Boils-Boissier , Paul J. Gerroir , Rosa M. Duque
发明人： Allan K. Chen , Tie Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Kimberly D. Nosella , Danielle C. Boils-Boissier , Paul J. Gerroir , Rosa M. Duque
IPC分类号： G03G500
CPC分类号： C08K3/36 , C08F2/44 , G03G9/0806 , G03G9/09716 , G03G9/09725
摘要： A process for making silica-containing latex particles involves polymerizing monomer in an emulsion comprising the monomer, water, silica particles, and optionally at least one surfactant, by adding at least one free radical initiator to the emulsion to form the silica-containing latex particles. In a preferred method, semicontinuous polymerization employing a seed latex is used to form the latex resin. The process achieves a silica-containing latex in which the silica is chemically incorporated therein that is ideally suited for use in the manufacture of toner and developer for xerographic use.
摘要翻译：制造含二氧化硅的胶乳颗粒的方法包括通过在乳液中加入至少一种自由基引发剂来形成含二氧化硅的胶乳颗粒，在包含单体，水，二氧化硅颗粒和任选的至少一种表面活性剂的乳液中聚合单体。在优选的方法中，使用使用种子胶乳的半连续聚合来形成胶乳树脂。该方法实现了含二氧化硅的胶乳，其中二氧化硅化学地掺入其中，其理想地适用于制造用于静电印刷使用的调色剂和显影剂。

2. 发明授权

US06447974B1 Polymerization processes 失效
标题翻译：聚合工艺
公开(公告)号：US06447974B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-10
申请号：US09896293
申请日：2001-07-02
申请人： Allan K. Chen , George Liebermann , Tie Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Abdisamed Sheik-qasim , David Kurceba , Chieh-Min Cheng , Emily L. Moore
发明人： Allan K. Chen , George Liebermann , Tie Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Abdisamed Sheik-qasim , David Kurceba , Chieh-Min Cheng , Emily L. Moore
IPC分类号： G03G9093
CPC分类号： G03G9/0806
摘要： A process for the preparation of a latex polymer by (i) preparing or providing a water aqueous phase containing an anionic surfactant in an optional amount of less than or equal to about 20 percent by weight of the total amount of anionic surfactant used in forming the latex polymer; (ii) preparing or providing a monomer emulsion in water which emulsion contains an anionic surfactant; (iii) adding about 50 percent or less of said monomer emulsion to said aqueous phase to thereby initiate seed polymerization and to form a seed polymer, said aqueous phase containing a free radical initiator; and (iv) adding the remaining percent of said monomer emulsion to the composition of (iii) and heating to complete an emulsion polymerization thus forming a latex polymer.
摘要翻译：一种制备胶乳聚合物的方法，该方法是（i）制备或提供含有阴离子表面活性剂的水相，其任选量小于或等于形成所述阴离子表面活性剂所用阴离子表面活性剂的总量的约20重量％胶乳聚合物;（ii）在水中制备或提供单体乳液，该乳液含有阴离子表面活性剂;（iii）向所述水相中加入约50％或更少的所述单体乳液，从而引发种子聚合并形成种子聚合物，所述水相含有自由基引发剂; 和（iv）将所述单体乳液的剩余百分比加入到（iii）的组合物中并加热以完成乳液聚合，从而形成胶乳聚合物。

3. 发明授权

US06503680B1 Latex processes 失效
标题翻译：乳胶工艺
公开(公告)号：US06503680B1
公开(公告)日：2003-01-07
申请号：US09940926
申请日：2001-08-29
申请人： Allan K. Chen , George Liebermann , Tie Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Emily L. Moore , Abdisamed Sheik-qasim , Patricia A. Burns , Nam S. Ro
发明人： Allan K. Chen , George Liebermann , Tie Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Emily L. Moore , Abdisamed Sheik-qasim , Patricia A. Burns , Nam S. Ro
IPC分类号： G03G9087
CPC分类号： G03G9/08702 , C08F291/00 , G03G9/0806 , G03G9/081 , C08F2/22
摘要： A process for the preparation of a latex polymer consistent with E/A (emulsion/aggregation/coalescence) toner manufacture. The process utilizes a standard (universal) latex composition and involves chain-transfer agent partitioning, emulsion polymerization that provides a latex polymer with a wide range of molecular properties. In particular, the process customizes a wide range Mw (weight average molecular weight) latex, without substantially varying the Mn (number average molecular weight) and hence, without substantially varying Tg (glass transition temperature) such that good toner performance is maintained. In a preferred process, a latex polymer is prepared by mixing a seed particle latex, generated by aqueous emulsion polymerization of a first portion of a monomer emulsion, with a second portion of the monomer emulsion and at least one chain-transfer agent. The mixing is done in the presence of a free-radical initiator and heated, and wherein the monomer emulsion comprises a mixture of polymerization reagents of at least one monomer, at least one chain-transfer agent, at least one surfactant, and water. This process may be applied to core-shell polymerization as well. These latex polymers are ideally suited in the manufacture of toner and developer for electrophotographic imaging and printing.
摘要翻译：制备与E / A（乳液/聚集/聚结）调色剂制造一致的胶乳聚合物的方法。该方法使用标准（通用）胶乳组合物，并涉及链转移剂分配，乳液聚合，其提供具有广泛分子性质的胶乳聚合物。特别地，该方法定制了宽范围的Mw（重均分子量）胶乳，而基本上不改变Mn（数均分子量），因此没有实质上改变的Tg（玻璃化转变温度），使得维持良好的调色剂性能。在优选的方法中，通过混合通过单体乳液的第一部分的水乳液聚合产生的种子颗粒胶乳与第二部分单体乳液和至少一种链转移剂来制备胶乳聚合物。混合在自由基引发剂的存在下进行并加热，其中单体乳液包含至少一种单体，至少一种链转移剂，至少一种表面活性剂和水的聚合试剂的混合物。该方法也可以应用于核 - 壳聚合。这些胶乳聚合物非常适用于制造用于电子照相成像和印刷的调色剂和显影剂。

4. 发明授权

US5962179A Toner processes 有权
标题翻译：墨粉处理
公开(公告)号：US5962179A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-05
申请号：US191713
申请日：1998-11-13
申请人： Enno E. Agur , Francisco E. Torres , T. Hwee Ng , Allan K. Chen , Arthur Helbrecht , Maria N. V. McDougall , Richard P. N. Veregin
发明人： Enno E. Agur , Francisco E. Torres , T. Hwee Ng , Allan K. Chen , Arthur Helbrecht , Maria N. V. McDougall , Richard P. N. Veregin
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , Y10S977/887
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising mixing a colorant dispersion in water, which dispersion is comprised of a colorant and an ionic surfactant with a resin latex; heating the resulting flocculent mixture with stirring at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 1.degree. C. below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the latex resin to effect formation of toner sized aggregates; heating the resulting aggregate suspension in the presence of additional anionic surfactant, and which heating is at a temperature of from about 10.degree. C. to about 55.degree. C. above the Tg of the resin; cooling; adding a base component to the resulting slurry; filtering; and thereafter drying said toner.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂的方法，包括将着色剂分散体在水中混合，该分散体由着色剂和离子表面活性剂由树脂胶乳组成; 在低于胶乳树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的约25℃至约1℃的温度下搅拌加热所得絮状混合物以形成调色剂尺寸的聚集体; 在另外的阴离子表面活性剂存在下加热得到的聚集体悬浮液，加热温度高于树脂Tg的约10℃至约55℃; 冷却; 向所得浆料中加入碱组分; 过滤; 然后干燥所述调色剂。

5. 发明授权

US5650255A Low shear toner aggregation processes 失效
标题翻译：低剪切调色剂聚集工艺
公开(公告)号：US5650255A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-22
申请号：US706880
申请日：1996-09-03
申请人： T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , David Kurceba , Francisco E. Torres , David J. Sanders
发明人： T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , David Kurceba , Francisco E. Torres , David J. Sanders
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0819
摘要： An in situ chemical process for the preparation of toner comprised of(i) the provision of a latex, which latex is comprised of polymeric resin particles, an ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(ii) providing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment solution, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(iii) mixing said pigment dispersion with said latex with a stirrer equipped with an impeller, stirring at speeds of from about 100 to about 900 rpm for a period of from about 10 minutes to about 150 minutes;(iv) heating the above resulting blend of latex and pigment mixture to a temperature below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(v) adding further aqueous ionic surfactant or stabilizer in the range amount of from about 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight of reactants to stabilize the above electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(vi) heating said electrostatically bound toner sized aggregates above about the Tg of the resin to form toner size particles containing pigment, resin and optionally a charge control agent;(vii) optionally isolating said toner, optionally washing with water; and optionally(viii) drying said toner.
摘要翻译：用于制备调色剂的原位化学方法包括（i）提供胶乳，所述胶乳由聚合树脂颗粒，离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成; （ii）提供颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料溶液，具有与所述离子表面活性剂相反的电荷极性的反离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （iii）将所述颜料分散体与所述胶乳混合，配备有叶轮的搅拌器，以约100至约900rpm的速度搅拌约10分钟至约150分钟; （iv）将上述胶乳和颜料混合物的混合物加热到低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）的温度，以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （v）加入其量为约0.1％至5％（重量）的反应物的水性离子表面活性剂或稳定剂，以稳定上述静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （vi）将所述静电结合的调色剂大小的聚集体加热到树脂的Tg附近，以形成含有颜料，树脂和任选的电荷控制剂的调色剂尺寸颗粒; （vii）任选地分离所述调色剂，任选地用水洗涤; 和（viii）干燥所述调色剂。

6. 发明授权

US5650252A Toner grafting processes 失效
标题翻译：调色剂接枝工艺
公开(公告)号：US5650252A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-22
申请号：US669118
申请日：1996-06-24
申请人： T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Richard P. N. Veregin
发明人： T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht , Raj D. Patel , Michael A. Hopper , Richard P. N. Veregin
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0806 , G03G9/0815
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, an ionic surfactant, and optionally a charge control agent;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates with a narrow particle size distribution;(iv) heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin; and(v) thereafter washing the toner obtained, adding initiator, adding monomer, polymerizing by heating, and thereafter cooling, followed by an optional second washing.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料，离子表面活性剂和任选的电荷控制剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg），以形成具有窄粒度分布的静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）将所述结合的聚集体加热到树脂的Tg附近; 和（v）然后洗涤所获得的调色剂，加入引发剂，加入单体，通过加热进行聚合，然后冷却，然后进行任选的第二次洗涤。

7. 发明授权

US5650256A Toner processes 失效
标题翻译：墨粉处理
公开(公告)号：US5650256A
公开(公告)日：1997-07-22
申请号：US720646
申请日：1996-10-02
申请人： Richard P. N. Veregin , Maria N. V. McDougall , Francisco E. Torres , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht
发明人： Richard P. N. Veregin , Maria N. V. McDougall , Francisco E. Torres , Raj D. Patel , Grazyna E. Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz , T. Hwee Ng , Arthur Helbrecht
IPC分类号： G03G9/08 , G03G9/087
CPC分类号： G03G9/0804 , G03G9/0815
摘要： A process for the preparation of toner comprising:(i) preparing a pigment dispersion, which dispersion is comprised of a pigment, and an ionic surfactant;(ii) shearing said pigment dispersion with a latex or emulsion blend comprised of resin, a counterionic surfactant with a charge polarity of opposite sign to that of said ionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, and wherein said resin contains an acid functionality;(iii) heating the above sheared blend below about the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin to form electrostatically bound toner size aggregates;(iv) adding anionic surfactant to stabilize the aggregates obtained in (iii);(v) coalescing said aggregates by heating said bound aggregates above about the Tg of the resin;(vi) reacting said resin of (v) with acid functionality with a base to form an acrylic acid salt, and which salt is ion exchanged in water with a base or a salt, optionally in the presence of metal oxide particles, to control the toner triboelectrical charge, which toner is comprised of resin and pigment; and(vii) optionally drying the toner obtained.
摘要翻译：一种制备调色剂的方法，包括：（i）制备颜料分散体，该分散体由颜料和离子表面活性剂组成; （ii）用由树脂，具有与所述离子表面活性剂的电荷极性相反的电荷极性的抗衡离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂组成的胶乳或乳液共混物剪切所述颜料分散体，并且其中所述树脂含有酸官能团; （iii）将上述剪切混合物加热至低于树脂的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）以形成静电结合的调色剂尺寸聚集体; （iv）加入阴离子表面活性剂以稳定（iii）中获得的聚集体; （v）通过将所述结合的聚集体加热到约树脂的Tg附近来聚结所述聚集体; （vi）将所述（ⅴ）的酸性官能团的树脂与碱反应形成丙烯酸盐，并且任选地在金属氧化物颗粒存在下，盐与碱或盐在水中进行离子交换，以控制调色剂摩擦电荷，调色剂由树脂和颜料组成; 和（vii）任选地干燥获得的调色剂。

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