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1. 发明授权

US08962190B1 Three-dimensional electrodes with conductive foam for electron and lithium-ion transport 有权
标题翻译：具有导电泡沫的三维电极用于电子和锂离子传输
公开(公告)号：US08962190B1
公开(公告)日：2015-02-24
申请号：US13316501
申请日：2011-12-10
申请人： Adam F. Gross , John Wang , Tobias Schaedler , Hung Nguyen , Larken E. Euliss , Christopher Roper , Ping Liu
发明人： Adam F. Gross , John Wang , Tobias Schaedler , Hung Nguyen , Larken E. Euliss , Christopher Roper , Ping Liu
IPC分类号： H01M4/00 , H01M4/80 , H01M4/70 , H01M4/74
CPC分类号： H01M4/80 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/625 , H01M4/70 , H01M4/742 , H01M4/808
摘要： The current thickness limitations of battery electrodes are addressed. An electrode includes an electrically conductive porous foam layer, an energy-storage material in contact with the porous foam layer, and electrically conductive porous foam protrusions extending from the porous foam layer into the energy-storage material. The energy-storage material is not contained within the pores of the foam layer or the foam protrusions. These electrodes allow lithium ions (and other metal ions, if desired) to diffuse deeper into a thick energy-storage material layer, compared to conventional planar electrodes. In particular methods, fluidic foam precursors can be templated in a mold, followed by conversion into a solid conductive foam that includes the electrically conductive porous foam protrusions. The result is batteries with surprisingly high energy densities.
摘要翻译：解决了电池电极的当前厚度限制。电极包括导电多孔泡沫层，与多孔泡沫层接触的能量存储材料，以及从多孔泡沫层延伸到储能材料中的导电多孔泡沫突起。能量储存材料不包含在泡沫层或泡沫突起的孔内。与常规平面电极相比，这些电极允许锂离子（和其它金属离子，如果需要）扩散到较厚的储能材料层。在具体的方法中，流体泡沫前体可以在模具中模板化，随后转变成包括导电多孔泡沫突起物的固体导电泡沫体。结果是具有令人惊讶的高能量密度的电池。

2. 发明授权

US09252455B1 Lithium battery structures employing composite layers, and fabrication methods to produce composite layers 有权
公开(公告)号：US09252455B1
公开(公告)日：2016-02-02
申请号：US13208341
申请日：2011-08-12
申请人： Ping Liu , Jocelyn Hicks-Garner , Adam F. Gross , Jun Liu
发明人： Ping Liu , Jocelyn Hicks-Garner , Adam F. Gross , Jun Liu
IPC分类号： H01M2/16 , H01M10/0562
CPC分类号： H01M10/0562 , H01M2/1646 , H01M2/1686 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/382 , H01M10/052 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/0585 , H01M12/08 , H01M2300/0071 , Y02E60/128 , Y02T10/7011
摘要： This invention provides lithium-based batteries that include one or more inorganic barrier layers disposed between the anode and the cathode. The inorganic barrier layer is a lithium-ion conductor and is non-permeable to lithium-containing compounds, such as lithium polysulfides or lithium dendrites. The inorganic barrier layer may be in direct contact with the anode or cathode, or electrically isolated from the anode and cathode. The principles disclosed herein solve the problem of maintaining electrical isolation of the anode and cathode, while providing efficient lithium-ion conduction without crossover of other lithium species that would otherwise limit the power performance of the battery.

3. 发明授权

US08920978B1 Porous conductive scaffolds containing battery materials 有权
标题翻译：含电池材料的多孔导电支架
公开(公告)号：US08920978B1
公开(公告)日：2014-12-30
申请号：US12476258
申请日：2009-06-02
申请人： Adam F. Gross , John J. Vajo , Ping Liu , Elena Sherman
发明人： Adam F. Gross , John J. Vajo , Ping Liu , Elena Sherman
IPC分类号： H01M4/66
CPC分类号： H01M4/66 , B82Y30/00 , H01M4/04 , H01M4/48 , H01M4/485 , H01M4/502 , H01M4/505 , H01M4/523 , H01M4/525 , H01M4/624 , H01M4/625 , H01M4/663 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/058 , H01M2220/20 , Y10S977/78 , Y10S977/948
摘要： The present invention provides a battery electrode comprising an active battery material enclosed in the pores of a conductive nanoporous scaffold. The pores in the scaffold constrain the dimensions for the active battery material and inhibit sintering, which results in better cycling stability, longer battery lifetime, and greater power through less agglomeration. Additionally, the scaffold forms electrically conducting pathways to the active battery nanoparticles that are dispersed. In some variations, a battery electrode of the invention includes an electrically conductive scaffold material with pores having at least one length dimension selected from about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm, and an oxide material contained within the pores, wherein the oxide material is electrochemically active.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种电池电极，其包括封闭在导电纳米多孔支架的孔中的活性电池材料。支架中的孔隙限制了活性电池材料的尺寸并抑制了烧结，这导致更好的循环稳定性，更长的电池寿命，并且通过较少的聚集具有更大的功率。此外，支架形成分散的活性电池纳米颗粒的导电通路。在一些变型中，本发明的电池电极包括具有孔的导电支架材料，孔隙具有选自约0.5nm至约100nm的至少一个长度尺寸，以及包含在孔内的氧化物材料，其中氧化物材料具有电化学活性。

4. 发明授权

US07910199B1 Metal filled porous carbon 有权
标题翻译：金属填充多孔碳
公开(公告)号：US07910199B1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-22
申请号：US12168830
申请日：2008-07-07
申请人： Adam F. Gross , John J. Vajo , Robert W. Cumberland , Ping Liu , Tina T. Salguero
发明人： Adam F. Gross , John J. Vajo , Robert W. Cumberland , Ping Liu , Tina T. Salguero
IPC分类号： B32B3/26
CPC分类号： C23C2/12 , C01B32/00 , C01B32/372 , Y10T428/249953 , Y10T428/24997 , Y10T428/24999 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： A porous carbon scaffold with a surface and pores, the porous carbon scaffold containing a primary metal and a secondary metal, where the primary metal is a metal that does not wet the surface of the pores of the carbon scaffold but wets the surface of the secondary metal, and the secondary metal is interspersed between the surface of the pores of the carbon scaffold and the primary metal.
摘要翻译：具有表面和孔的多孔碳支架，多孔碳支架含有主要金属和次级金属，其中主金属是不会浸润碳支架孔隙表面的金属，但是将二次表面润湿金属，并且次级金属散布在碳支架的孔的表面和主金属之间。

5. 发明授权

US08735013B1 Methods for fabricating inorganic proton-conducting coatings for fuel-cell membranes 有权
标题翻译：制备燃料电池膜无机质子传导涂层的方法
公开(公告)号：US08735013B1
公开(公告)日：2014-05-27
申请号：US12471380
申请日：2009-05-24
申请人： Ping Liu , Jocelyn Hicks-Garner , Chaoyin Zhou , Adam F. Gross , John J. Vajo
发明人： Ping Liu , Jocelyn Hicks-Garner , Chaoyin Zhou , Adam F. Gross , John J. Vajo
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/0291 , H01M8/0289 , H01M8/04197 , H01M8/1016 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2300/0071 , H01M2300/0094 , Y02E60/521 , Y02E60/523
摘要： The present invention provides methods for fabricating a fuel cell membrane structure that can dramatically reduce fuel crossover, thereby improving fuel cell efficiency and power output. Preferred composite membrane structures include an inorganic layer situated between the anode layer and the proton-exchange membrane. The inorganic layer can conduct protons in unhydrated form, rather than as hydronium ions, which reduces fuel crossover. Some methods of this invention include certain coating steps to effectively deposit an inorganic layer on an organic proton-exchange membrane.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了可以显着减少燃料分流的燃料电池膜结构的制造方法，从而提高燃料电池效率和功率输出。优选的复合膜结构包括位于阳极层和质子交换膜之间的无机层。无机层可以以非水合形式进行质子，而不是作为水合氢离子，这减少了燃料的交叉。本发明的一些方法包括有机沉积有机质子交换膜上的无机层的某些涂覆步骤。

6. 发明授权

US08715853B1 Aluminum batteries comprising metal-oxide, metal-fluoride, metal-sulfide, or sulfur cathodes 有权
标题翻译：包含金属氧化物，金属氟化物，金属硫化物或硫阴极的铝电池
公开(公告)号：US08715853B1
公开(公告)日：2014-05-06
申请号：US12868479
申请日：2010-08-25
申请人： John J. Vajo , Adam F. Gross , Ping Liu , Jocelyn Hicks-Garner , Elena Sherman , Sky Van Atta
发明人： John J. Vajo , Adam F. Gross , Ping Liu , Jocelyn Hicks-Garner , Elena Sherman , Sky Van Atta
IPC分类号： H01M4/02
CPC分类号： H01M4/044 , H01M4/0402 , H01M4/0404 , H01M4/131 , H01M4/136 , H01M4/36 , H01M4/463 , H01M4/48 , H01M4/483 , H01M4/5815 , H01M4/582 , H01M4/625 , H01M4/80 , H01M10/054 , H01M10/0568 , H01M10/0569 , H01M10/399 , H01M2300/0031
摘要： Variations of the invention provide an improved aluminum battery consisting of an aluminum anode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a cathode comprising a metal oxide, a metal fluoride, a metal sulfide, or sulfur. The cathode can be fully reduced upon battery discharge via a multiple-electron reduction reaction. In some embodiments, the cathode materials are contained within the pore volume of a porous conductive carbon scaffold. Batteries provided by the invention have high active material specific energy densities and good cycling stabilities at a variety of operating temperatures.
摘要翻译：本发明的变化提供了由铝阳极，非水电解质和包含金属氧化物，金属氟化物，金属硫化物或硫的阴极组成的改进的铝电池。通过多电子还原反应，电池放电时阴极可以完全降低。在一些实施方案中，阴极材料包含在多孔导电碳支架的孔体积内。本发明提供的电池在各种操作温度下具有高的活性材料比能量密度和良好的循环稳定性。

7. 发明授权

US09417290B1 Methods and apparatus for dynamic characterization of electrochemical systems 有权
标题翻译：电化学系统动态表征的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US09417290B1
公开(公告)日：2016-08-16
申请号：US13646663
申请日：2012-10-06
申请人： Shuoqin Wang , Ping Liu , John Wang
发明人： Shuoqin Wang , Ping Liu , John Wang
IPC分类号： G01R31/36 , G01R31/40 , G06F15/00 , G01R19/00
CPC分类号： G01R31/3651 , G01R31/362 , G01R31/3624 , G01R31/3679 , G06F15/00 , H01M8/02 , H01M10/42
摘要： The present invention provides impulse-response-based algorithms for high-speed characterization of electrochemical systems (e.g., batteries) with good accuracy. In some variations, a method for dynamic characterization of an electrochemical system comprises selecting an electrochemical system to be characterized; sensing the measured current to or from said electrochemical system; sensing the measured voltage across said electrochemical system; sensing or calculating the time derivatives of the measured current and voltage; and calculating an impulse response using a recursive or matrix-based algorithm (as disclosed herein), wherein said impulse response characterizes said electrochemical system within a selected sampling window. The algorithms are robust, incorporating noise-reduction techniques, and are suitable for real applications under various operating conditions. These algorithms, and the apparatus and systems to implement them, are able to accept various exciting signals to provide dynamic characterization of various states of the electrochemical system.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于以高精度高速表征电化学系统（例如电池）的基于脉冲响应的算法。在一些变型中，用于电化学系统的动态表征的方法包括选择要表征的电化学系统; 检测来自或来自所述电化学系统的测量电流; 感测所述电化学系统上的测量电压; 感测或计算测得的电流和电压的时间导数; 以及使用递归或基于矩阵的算法（如本文所公开）来计算脉冲响应，其中所述脉冲响应表征所选择的采样窗口内的所述电化学系统。这些算法是稳健的，结合了降噪技术，适用于各种操作条件下的实际应用。这些算法以及实现它们的装置和系统能够接受各种激励信号以提供电化学系统的各种状态的动态表征。

8. 发明授权

US09257719B1 Electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries 有权
标题翻译：锂离子电池用电解质添加剂
公开(公告)号：US09257719B1
公开(公告)日：2016-02-09
申请号：US12502234
申请日：2009-07-14
申请人： Ping Liu , Elena Sherman , John Wang
发明人： Ping Liu , Elena Sherman , John Wang
IPC分类号： H01M10/0567 , H01M4/583 , H01M4/131 , H01M4/133 , H01M4/485 , H01M10/0525
CPC分类号： H01M10/0567 , H01M4/131 , H01M4/133 , H01M4/382 , H01M4/485 , H01M4/5825 , H01M4/583 , H01M4/587 , H01M10/0525 , Y02E60/122
摘要： This invention employs a diamine electrolyte additive that enhances performance of lithium-ion batteries both at high and low temperatures, thereby minimizing the conventional performance gap across a wide temperature range, such as −30° C. to 60° C. At low temperatures, diamine additives can enhances cycling kinetics. At high temperatures, diamine additives can minimize capacity fading. In some variations, a lithium-ion battery electrolyte composition comprises a non-aqueous solvent, a lithium salt soluble in the non-aqueous solvent, and a diamine additive having the formula H2N—R—NH2, wherein R is an organic group such as (—CH2—)n, n=2-12.
摘要翻译：本发明采用在高温和低温下提高锂离子电池的性能的二胺电解质添加剂，从而最小化在宽温度范围（例如-30℃至60℃）下的常规性能间隙。在低温下，二胺添加剂可增强循环动力学。在高温下，二胺添加剂可以使容量衰减最小化。在一些变型中，锂离子电池电解质组合物包含非水溶剂，可溶于非水溶剂的锂盐和具有式H2N-R-NH2的二胺添加剂，其中R是有机基团，例如（-CH 2 - ）n，n = 2-12。

9. 发明授权

US10072990B1 Thermomagnetic temperature sensing 有权
公开(公告)号：US10072990B1
公开(公告)日：2018-09-11
申请号：US15193040
申请日：2016-06-25
申请人： Chia-Ming Chang , John Wang , Geoffrey P McKnight , Ping Liu
发明人： Chia-Ming Chang , John Wang , Geoffrey P McKnight , Ping Liu
IPC分类号： G01K7/36 , G01R33/00 , G01K11/00 , G01K7/00 , G01K7/38
CPC分类号： G01K7/38 , G01K7/36 , G01R31/36 , G01R33/00 , G01R33/1223 , H01M10/486
摘要： A thermomagnetic sensor includes a thermomagnetic probe that includes a ferromagnetic material having a temperature-dependent magnetic permeability characterized by a maximum magnetic permeability value at a temperature below a Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic material. The thermomagnetic sensor further includes an alternating magnetic field source to produce an alternating magnetic field in a vicinity of the thermomagnetic probe to facilitate a measurement of the temperature-dependent magnetic permeability as function of temperature remotely using a thermomagnetic effect. A predetermined relationship between the temperature-dependent magnetic permeability and temperature in a range between the maximum magnetic permeability value and the Curie temperature provides a measurement of a temperature local to the thermomagnetic probe. A battery-temperature measurement system includes the thermomagnetic probe in a battery, a magnetic field coil to apply the alternating magnetic field, and a magnetic permeability measurement apparatus to measure the temperature-dependent magnetic permeability.

10. 发明授权

US09281526B1 Batteries with replenishable storage capacities 有权
标题翻译：具有可补充存储容量的电池
公开(公告)号：US09281526B1
公开(公告)日：2016-03-08
申请号：US12629066
申请日：2009-12-02
申请人： Ping Liu , John Wang , Souren Soukiazian
发明人： Ping Liu , John Wang , Souren Soukiazian
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , H01M8/02
CPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/5825 , H01M4/587 , H01M10/0445 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/058 , Y02T10/7011
摘要： This invention provides batteries with improved calendar and cycle lifetimes. A rechargeable battery comprises an additional electrode that includes active ions, such as lithium ions. Cell capacity of the battery can be increased by supplying these active ions to the anode or the cathode. In some variations, this invention provides a lithium-ion battery comprising an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and an additional lithium-containing electrode, wherein the additional lithium-containing electrode is capable of supplying lithium ions to the anode or the cathode in the presence of an electrical current.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了具有改进的日历和周期寿命的电池。可充电电池包括包括诸如锂离子的活性离子的附加电极。通过将这些活性离子提供给阳极或阴极，可以提高电池的电池容量。在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种锂离子电池，其包括阳极，阴极，电解质和附加的含锂电极，其中所述另外的含锂电极能够将锂离子供应到阳极或阴极存在电流。

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