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    • 1. 发明授权
    • Matrix multiplier with normalized output
    • 具有归一化输出的矩阵乘法器
    • US4553220A
    • 1985-11-12
    • US496240
    • 1983-05-19
    • William E. Swanson
    • William E. Swanson
    • G06F17/16G06T15/10G06F5/00
    • G06F17/16G06T15/10
    • A matrix multiplier having application to a real time computer-generated imagery or graphics system, wherein the output of the multiplier is normalized to increase both the accuracy and speed by which a three dimensional object can be displayed on a video stream. The output of the matrix multiplier is typically a plurality of multiple (e.g. 32 or more) bit serial data screen. Each data stream is normalized to itself and to each of the other of the plurality of data streams which form the product of the matrix multiplication. That is, a particular segment (e.g. 16 bits) of each data stream is selected for continued processing in order to efficiently and accurately define an object in three dimensional space. The selection of each data stream segment is dependent upon the bit pattern thereof and, more particularly, upon the occurance of a pair of successive bits of opposite polarity relative to one another. Accordingly, in the event that many streams of data contain respective bit patterns wherein a large number of the most significant bits are all of the same polarity, the data streams are normalized or shifted by an identical number of bit positions, wherein some of the most significant bits thereof are discarded while the lesser significant bits are retained. Thus, the data streams are scaled to provide representative data words of both reduced size and maximized precision.
    • 应用于实时计算机生成的图像或图形系统的矩阵乘法器,其中乘法器的输出被归一化以增加三维物体可以在视频流上显示的精度和速度。 矩阵乘法器的输出通常是多个多个(例如32个或更多)位串行数据屏幕。 每个数据流被归一化为自身以及形成矩阵乘法乘积的多个数据流中的每一个。 也就是说,选择每个数据流的特定段(例如16位)以进行继续处理,以便有效和准确地定义三维空间中的对象。 每个数据流段的选择取决于其位模式,更具体地说,是相对于彼此具有相反极性的一对连续位的出现。 因此,在许多数据流包含其中大量最高有效位全部具有相同极性的相应位模式的情况下,数据流被归一化或移位相同数量的位位置,其中一些最大 有效位被丢弃,而较低有效位被保留。 因此,数据流被缩放以提供减小尺寸和最大精度的代表性数据字。
    • 2. 发明授权
    • Cross product calculator with normalized output
    • 交叉产品计算器与归一化输出
    • US4561066A
    • 1985-12-24
    • US505902
    • 1983-06-20
    • Daniel R. EmmonsWilliam E. Swanson
    • Daniel R. EmmonsWilliam E. Swanson
    • G06F17/16G06T15/50G06F7/52
    • G06T15/50G06F17/16
    • A cross product calculator to multiply mathematical representations of a pair of vectors in order to calculate a resultant vector, which resultant vector is aligned normal to the plane in which the pair of vectors is located. The present cross product calculator has application to a real time computer generated imagery or graphics system having the capability to provide reliable color shading of a three dimensional object moving across the screen of a video display. The resultant normal vector provided by the cross product calculator is indicative of the orientation of the object relative to a source of supply of incident light. Storage apparatus and control hardware are included to provide accurate, normalized equivalents of the mathematical representations of the pair of vectors which are multiplied together to derive the cross product thereof. More particularly, a plurality of multiple bit data strings, representing intermediate products of the pair of vectors, are reduced in size without suffering a corresponding loss of information content, so that the resultant cross product (i.e. normal vector) can be calculated with increased speed and minimized data storage requirements.
    • 交叉乘积计算器,用于乘以一对向量的数学表示,以便计算合成向量,该合成向量与所述一对向量所在的平面垂直。 本交叉产品计算器具有应用于实时计算机生成的图像或图形系统,其能够提供在视频显示器的屏幕上移动的三维物体的可靠的着色。 由交叉乘积计算器提供的合成法向量指示物体相对于入射光的供给源的取向。 包括存储装置和控制硬件以提供一对矢量的数学表示的准确的归一化等同物,这些矢量相乘在一起以得出其交叉乘积。 更具体地,代表该对向量的中间乘积的多个多位数据串的大小减小,而不会相应地丢失信息内容,从而可以以增加的速度计算所得到的交叉积(即法向量) 并最小化数据存储要求。