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1. 发明公开

EP0664928A4 LIGHTWEIGHT FUEL CELL MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY WITH INTEGRAL REACTANT FLOW PASSAGES. 失效
标题翻译：安排与累计光燃料电池膜电极由反应物的河流。
公开(公告)号：EP0664928A4
公开(公告)日：1995-11-29
申请号：EP92924099
申请日：1992-10-20
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , WILKINSON DAVID P , VOSS HENRY H , PRATER KEITH
发明人： WILKINSON DAVID P , VOSS HENRY H , PRATER KEITH
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M2/00 , H01M4/86 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/22 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： H01M8/241 , H01M4/86 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： An electrochemical fuel cell is provided for converting a fuel reactant stream and an oxidant reactant stream to a reaction product stream and electrical energy. The fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly interposed between two separator layers. The separator layers are formed of thin electrically conductive sheet material which is substantially impermeable to the fuel and oxidant reactant streams. The membrane electrode assembly comprises first and second electrode layers formed of porous electrically conductive sheet material. The electrode layers have a catalyst associated therewith, and an ion exchange membrane is interposed between the first and second electrode layers. The electrode layers include passages, such as the interstitial spaces within the electrode material or grooves formed in the surface of the electrode material, for flowing a reactant stream between an inlet and outlet within the electrode layer. The incorporation of the reactant flow passages within the electrode material permits the use of thin, lightweight separator layers, thus providing higher power-to-volume and power-to-weight ratios than conventional fuel cells having reactant flow passages engraved, milled or molded in the separator plates.
摘要翻译：电化学燃料电池提供了一种用于燃料反应物流和氧化剂转化为反应物流到反应产物流和电能。所述燃料电池包括两个隔板层之间的膜电极组件。隔膜层是薄的形成的导电片材的所有这些基本上不可渗透燃料和氧化剂反应物流。该膜电极组件包括多孔形成的导电片材的第一和第二电极层。电极层具有相关联的有催化剂和离子交换膜，在第一和第二电极层之间。电极层包括通道，：如电极材料内的空隙空间或槽在所述电极材料的表面形成，在电极层内的入口和出口流动的反应物之间的流。电极材料中的反应物流动通道的结合允许使用薄，重量轻隔板层中，从而提供更高的功率 - 体积和功率 - 重量比大于具有反应物流动通道刻，研磨或模制的常规的燃料电池隔板。

2. 发明公开

EP0664928A1 LIGHTWEIGHT FUEL CELL MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY WITH INTEGRAL REACTANT FLOW PASSAGES 失效
标题翻译：安排与累计光燃料电池膜电极由反应物的河流。
公开(公告)号：EP0664928A1
公开(公告)日：1995-08-02
申请号：EP92924099.0
申请日：1992-10-20
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , WILKINSON, David P. , VOSS, Henry H. , PRATER, Keith
发明人： WILKINSON, David P. , VOSS, Henry H. , PRATER, Keith
IPC分类号： H01M8 , H01M2 , H01M4
CPC分类号： H01M8/241 , H01M4/86 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04074 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： An electrochemical fuel cell is provided for converting a fuel reactant stream and an oxidant reactant stream to a reaction product stream and electrical energy. The fuel cell includes a membrane electrode assembly interposed between two separator layers. The separator layers are formed of thin electrically conductive sheet material which is substantially impermeable to the fuel and oxidant reactant streams. The membrane electrode assembly comprises first and second electrode layers formed of porous electrically conductive sheet material. The electrode layers have a catalyst associated therewith, and an ion exchange membrane is interposed between the first and second electrode layers. The electrode layers include passages, such as the interstitial spaces within the electrode material or grooves formed in the surface of the electrode material, for flowing a reactant stream between an inlet and outlet within the electrode layer. The incorporation of the reactant flow passages within the electrode material permits the use of thin, lightweight separator layers, thus providing higher power-to-volume and power-to-weight ratios than conventional fuel cells having reactant flow passages engraved, milled or molded in the separator plates.

3. 发明公开

EP0671057A4 SOLID POLYMER FUEL CELL SYSTEMS INCORPORATING WATER REMOVAL AT THE ANODE. 失效
标题翻译：与水系统距离阳极固体聚合物电池。
公开(公告)号：EP0671057A4
公开(公告)日：1995-11-29
申请号：EP94900413
申请日：1993-10-28
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , WILKINSON DAVID P , VOSS HENRY H , WATKINS DAVID S , PRATER KEITH
发明人： WILKINSON DAVID P , VOSS HENRY H , WATKINS DAVID S , PRATER KEITH B
IPC分类号： H01M8/06 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/00 , H01M8/12
CPC分类号： H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A solid polymer fuel cell electric power generation system (10) removes a substantial portion of water accumulated at the cathode in the outlet fuel stream (18) of the anode. The system permits the operation of a hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell (1) in a dead-ended mode where substantially pure oxygen is employed as the oxidant supply (54) or using low oxygen stoichiometry where a dilute oxidant source, such as oxygen-containing air, is employed as the oxidant supply. The supply system thereby eliminates the need for an oxygen recirculation pump in systems operating on substantially pure oxygen, and substantially reduces the parasitic load to pressurize the oxidant stream in systems operating on dilute oxidant streams.

4. 发明公开

EP0671057A1 SOLID POLYMER FUEL CELL SYSTEMS INCORPORATING WATER REMOVAL AT THE ANODE 失效
标题翻译：固体聚合物燃料电池系统在阳极上结合除水
公开(公告)号：EP0671057A1
公开(公告)日：1995-09-13
申请号：EP94900413.0
申请日：1993-10-28
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , WILKINSON, David P. , VOSS, Henry H. , WATKINS, David S. , PRATER, Keith
发明人： WILKINSON, David P. , VOSS, Henry H. , WATKINS, David S. , PRATER, Keith B.
IPC分类号： H01M8
CPC分类号： H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04097 , H01M8/04231 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A solid polymer fuel cell electric power generation system (10) removes a substantial portion of water accumulated at the cathode in the outlet fuel stream (18) of the anode. The system permits the operation of a hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell (1) in a dead-ended mode where substantially pure oxygen is employed as the oxidant supply (54) or using low oxygen stoichiometry where a dilute oxidant source, such as oxygen-containing air, is employed as the oxidant supply. The supply system thereby eliminates the need for an oxygen recirculation pump in systems operating on substantially pure oxygen, and substantially reduces the parasitic load to pressurize the oxidant stream in systems operating on dilute oxidant streams.
摘要翻译：固体聚合物燃料电池发电系统（10）去除在阳极的出口燃料流（18）中的阴极处积聚的大部分水。该系统允许以死端模式操作氢/氧燃料电池（1），其中基本纯氧被用作氧化剂供应源（54）或使用低氧化学计量比，其中稀释的氧化剂源如含氧的空气被用作氧化剂供应。由此供应系统消除了在基本上纯的氧气中操作的系统中对氧气再循环泵的需求，并且基本上减少了寄生负载以加压在稀释的氧化剂流上操作的系统中的氧化剂流。

5. 发明申请

WO2005121917A1 FLOW CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FUEL CELL FLOW FIELDS 审中-公开
标题翻译：流量控制装置和燃料电池流场的方法
公开(公告)号：WO2005121917A1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-22
申请号：PCT/CA2005/000913
申请日：2005-06-10
申请人： NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA , WILKINSON, David, P. , RAHBARI, Roya , ZIMMERMAN, Joerg , BLANCO, Mauricio
发明人： WILKINSON, David, P. , RAHBARI, Roya , ZIMMERMAN, Joerg , BLANCO, Mauricio
IPC分类号： G05D7/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/0263 , G05D7/0694 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/0432 , H01M8/0444 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04619 , H01M8/04753
摘要： An adjustable flow field and flow regulation method for an electrochemical device such as a fuel cell is described. The flow field preferably includes a plurality of flow paths between an inlet and an outlet and a plurality of microvalves for regulating fluid flow through the flow paths in response to changes in the operating states of the fuel cell, such as changes in power output or temperature. For example, adjustment of the microvalves may restrict the number of flow paths through which fluid is flowing to alter the effective active area and current density of the flow field. The valves may be selectively opened or closed, either entirely or partially, to maintain a minimum pressure drop between the inlet and outlet. Alternatively or additionally, adjustment of the valves may alter the direction of fluid flow through at least some of the flow paths. The invention improves the stability of the fuel cell in low power and low reactant stoichiometry operating states without significantly increasing the complexity of the system or increasing parasitic loads. For example, the invention may improve water management in low power modes and avoid related performance problems such as low current density failures and voltage oscillations. The invention may also help reduce the cost and complexity of the system power electronics.
摘要翻译：描述了用于诸如燃料电池的电化学装置的可调节流场和流量调节方法。流场优选地包括在入口和出口之间的多个流动路径和用于响应于燃料电池的操作状态的变化（例如功率输出或温度的变化）调节流过流动路径的流体的多个微型阀。例如，微阀的调节可以限制流体流过的流动路径的数量，以改变流场的有效有效面积和电流密度。阀可以选择性地打开或关闭，完全或部分地，以保持入口和出口之间的最小压降。或者或另外，阀的调节可以改变通过至少一些流动路径的流体流动的方向。本发明在低功率和低反应物化学计量运行状态下提高燃料电池的稳定性，而不显着增加系统的复杂性或增加寄生负载。例如，本发明可以改善低功率模式下的水管理，并避免诸如低电流密度故障和电压振荡等相关性能问题。本发明还可以帮助降低系统电力电子设备的成本和复杂性。

6. 发明申请

WO0143216A3 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OPERATING A FUEL CELL 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于操作燃料电池的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：WO0143216A3
公开(公告)日：2001-12-06
申请号：PCT/CA0001426
申请日：2000-12-04
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , BOEHM GUSTAV , WILKINSON DAVID P , KNIGHTS SHANNA , SCHAMM REINHOLD , FLETCHER NICHOLAS J
发明人： BOEHM GUSTAV , WILKINSON DAVID P , KNIGHTS SHANNA , SCHAMM REINHOLD , FLETCHER NICHOLAS J
IPC分类号： H01M8/10 , H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04089
摘要： The present invention relates to improving the overall efficiency of a fuel cell system by reducing parasitic power consumption. In particular, efficiency is improved by controlling the supply of oxidant to reduce excess oxidant stream flow by operating the fuel cell system with an oxidant stoichiometry between about one and two. A controller is programmed to decrease oxidant stoichiometry until oxidant starvation is detected or until oxidant stoichiometry is about one. When oxidant starvation is detected, the oxidant stoichiometry is increased until oxidant starvation is no longer detected. The fuel cell system employs a sensor for detecting an operational characteristic such as voltage output, or oxygen or hydrogen concentration in the cathode exhaust stream. The controller uses the operational characteristic to calculate oxidant stoichiometry or to determine when there is oxidant starvation at the cathode.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过减少寄生功率消耗来提高燃料电池系统的整体效率。特别地，通过以大约1和2之间的氧化剂化学计量操作燃料电池系统，通过控制氧化剂的供应以减少过量的氧化剂流的流动来提高效率。控制器被编程以减少氧化剂化学计量直到检测到氧化剂饥饿或直到氧化剂化学计量大约为1。当检测到氧化剂饥饿时，氧化剂化学计量增加，直到不再检测到氧化剂饥饿。燃料电池系统使用传感器来检测诸如电压输出的操作特性，或阴极排气流中的氧气或氢气浓度。控制器使用操作特性来计算氧化剂化学计量或确定阴极何时存在氧化剂饥饿。

7. 发明申请

WO0115254A3 SUPPORTED CATALYSTS FOR THE ANODE OF A VOLTAGE REVERSAL TOLERANT FUEL CELL 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于电压反转容忍燃料电池阳极的负载催化剂
公开(公告)号：WO0115254A3
公开(公告)日：2001-11-08
申请号：PCT/CA0000968
申请日：2000-08-23
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , KNIGHTS SHANNA D , TAYLOR JARED L , WILKINSON DAVID P , CAMPBELL STEPHEN A
发明人： KNIGHTS SHANNA D , TAYLOR JARED L , WILKINSON DAVID P , CAMPBELL STEPHEN A
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M10/42
CPC分类号： H01M4/9075 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in a fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel. In order to pass current, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode, particularly if the anode employs a carbon black supported catalyst. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by using higher catalyst loading or coverage on the anode catalyst support or a more oxidation resistant anode catalyst support, such as a more graphitic carbon or Ti4O7.
摘要翻译：在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况会导致燃料电池被驱动为电压反转。例如，如果该电池接收到不充足的燃料供应，则可能发生电池电压反转。为了通过电流，除了燃料氧化之外的反应可以在燃料电池阳极发生，包括水电解和阳极组件的氧化。后者可能导致阳极显着降解，特别是如果阳极使用炭黑载体催化剂。通过在阳极催化剂载体或更耐氧化的阳极催化剂载体如更石墨碳或Ti4O7上使用更高的催化剂负载量或覆盖率，可以使这种燃料电池更容忍电池反转。

8. 发明申请

WO0039870A3 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING A LEAK WITHIN A FUEL CELL 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于检测燃料电池中的泄漏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：WO0039870A3
公开(公告)日：2000-09-21
申请号：PCT/CA9901213
申请日：1999-12-21
申请人： BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS , KNIGHTS SHANNA D , WILKINSON DAVID P , NEBELSIEK RUEDIGER , STUMPER JURGEN
发明人： KNIGHTS SHANNA D , WILKINSON DAVID P , NEBELSIEK RUEDIGER , STUMPER JURGEN
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04089 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method detects fluid leaks within a fuel cell assembly. The method comprises (a) introducing a first supply fluid to a first fluid passage within the fuel cell assembly, wherein the first supply fluid comprises a tracer; (b) introducing a second supply fluid to a second fluid passage within the fuel cell assembly, wherein in the absence of a leak in the first fluid passage, the second fluid passage is fluidly isolated from the first fluid passage; and (c) monitoring a second fluid exhaust stream exiting from the second fluid passage and detecting when a concentration of the tracer is present within the second fluid exhaust stream. A corresponding fuel cell apparatus comprises a fuel cell assembly, a first reactant supply, and second reactant supply, a coolant supply, a tracer supply for adding a tracer to one of the reactants or the coolant fluid stream, and a tracer detector for detecting a concentration of the tracer within an exhaust fluid that is not the fluid to which the tracer is added. The detector emits an output signal when a threshold concentration is detected, or an output signal which is representative of the detected tracer concentration.
摘要翻译：一种方法检测燃料电池组件内的流体泄漏。该方法包括（a）将第一供应流体引入燃料电池组件内的第一流体通道，其中第一供给流体包括示踪剂; （b）将第二供应流体引入燃料电池组件内的第二流体通道，其中在第一流体通道中没有泄漏的情况下，第二流体通道与第一流体通道流体隔离; 和（c）监测从第二流体通道出来的第二流体排出流，并且检测何时在第二流体排出流内存在示踪剂的浓度。相应的燃料电池装置包括燃料电池组件，第一反应物供应源和第二反应物供应源，冷却剂供应源，用于将示踪剂添加到反应物之一或冷却剂流体流中的示踪剂供应源，以及用于检测排气流体内的示踪剂的浓度不是添加示踪剂的流体。当检测到阈值浓度时，检测器发出输出信号，或者表示检测到的示踪剂浓度的输出信号。

9. 发明申请

WO2010088770A1 A SENSOR FOR MEASURING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLVENT OR SOLUTE IN A MIXED SOLUTION SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于测量混合溶液系统中溶剂或溶剂浓度的传感器
公开(公告)号：WO2010088770A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-12
申请号：PCT/CA2010/000160
申请日：2010-02-05
申请人： NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA , SHEN, Jun , GU, Caikang (Elton) , ZHANG, Jiujun , WILKINSON, David P.
发明人： SHEN, Jun , GU, Caikang (Elton) , ZHANG, Jiujun , WILKINSON, David P.
IPC分类号： G01N27/22 , C09D5/00 , C09K3/18
CPC分类号： G01N27/22
摘要： The invention described relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of a low molecular weight alcohol, in an aqueous liquid feed solution, comprising a first sensor including a hydrophilic capillary tube having an inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a first capacitor, a second sensor including a hydrophobic capillary tube having the same inner diameter as a capillary tube of the first sensor; said hydrophobic capillary tube having a hydrophobic coating on the inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a second capacitor, wherein the first hydrophilic and second hydrophobic sensors are dipped to the same depth in the aqueous solution to measure the solution concentration, means for measuring the capacitance of the two capacitors, and control means including a control circuit driven by a computer, wherein the difference in capacitance between the two capacitors is a measure of the concentration of the solution, independent of the depth of dipping of the two capacitors in the aqueous solution. In another embodiment, a single hydrophilic sensor is employed.
摘要翻译：所描述的本发明涉及一种在水性液体进料溶液中测量低分子量醇的浓度的装置和方法，该装置和方法包括：第一传感器，包括具有内径的亲水性毛细管，设置在两个电极之间以形成第一电容器，包括具有与所述第一传感器的毛细管相同的内径的疏水性毛细管的第二传感器; 所述疏水性毛细管在内径上具有疏水涂层，设置在两个电极之间以形成第二电容器，其中第一亲水和第二疏水传感器浸入水溶液中相同的深度以测量溶液浓度，测量两个电容器的电容，以及包括由计算机驱动的控制电路的控制装置，其中两个电容器之间的电容差是测量溶液的浓度，而与两个电容器的浸入深度无关水溶液。在另一个实施方案中，使用单个亲水性传感器。

10. 发明申请

WO2008128341A1 DIRECT FUEL REDOX FUEL CELLS 审中-公开
标题翻译：直接燃料氧化还原燃料电池
公开(公告)号：WO2008128341A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-30
申请号：PCT/CA2008/000732
申请日：2008-04-18
申请人： NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA , THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA , WILKINSON, David, P. , FATIH, Khalid , ILLICIC, Alan , GIRARD, François
发明人： WILKINSON, David, P. , FATIH, Khalid , ILLICIC, Alan , GIRARD, François
IPC分类号： H01M8/00 , H01M4/86 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/18
CPC分类号： H01M8/188 , H01M4/8615 , H01M4/90 , H01M8/04197 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/1013 , Y02E60/522 , Y02E60/523 , Y02E60/528
摘要： The invention disclosed relates to direct fuel redox fuel cells employing high liquid fuel e.g. methanol, ethanol and formic acid, concentrations. A Direct Methanol Redox Fuel Cell (DMRFC) and a Direct Formic Acid Redox Fuel Cell (DFARFC) are disclosed. Polarization behaviour for these two systems is compared against a conventional Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) and Formic Acid Fuel Cell (FAFC) under similar fuel concentrations. It was observed that conventional fuel cells with high liquid fuel concentrations suffer from fuel crossover and depolarization of the cathode, leading to a significant reduction in performance, whereas the redox based systems according to the invention, which contain no noble metal catalysts at the cathode, demonstrated an improvement in cell performance with higher fuel concentrations.
摘要翻译：所公开的本发明涉及使用高液体燃料的直接燃料氧化还原燃料电池，甲醇，乙醇和甲酸，浓度。公开了直接甲醇氧化还原燃料电池（DMRFC）和直接甲酸氧化还原燃料电池（DFARFC）。将这两种系统的极化行为与常规的直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）和甲酸燃料电池（FAFC）在类似燃料浓度下进行比较。观察到，具有高液体燃料浓度的常规燃料电池遭受燃料交叉和阴极的去极化，导致性能显着降低，而根据本发明的在阴极处不含贵金属催化剂的基于氧化还原的体系，在较高的燃料浓度下，表现出细胞性能的改善。

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