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1. 发明申请

US20050217984A1 LIQUID ELECTRICAL MICROSWITCH 有权
标题翻译：液体电子显微镜
公开(公告)号：US20050217984A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-06
申请号：US10816569
申请日：2004-04-01
申请人： Arman Gasparyan , Timofei Kroupenkine , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss
发明人： Arman Gasparyan , Timofei Kroupenkine , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss
IPC分类号： H01H57/00 , H01H29/00 , H01H29/04 , H01H59/00 , G01D11/00
CPC分类号： H01H59/0009 , H01H29/00 , H01H2029/008
摘要： A liquid electrical switch is disclosed that uses a plurality of droplets of conducting liquid to form an electrical path. In a first embodiment, at least a first voltage differential is used to create a separation distance between two droplets. The droplets are illustratively contained within a housing and surrounded by an immiscible, insulating liquid. In this embodiment, the at least a first voltage differential draws at least a portion of at least one of the droplets away from a second droplet, thus preventing electrical current from flowing from the at least one droplet to the second droplet. In another embodiment, the at least a first voltage differential is changed in a way such that at least one liquid droplet is made to come into contact with a second droplet, thus creating an electrical path between the two droplets.
摘要翻译：公开了一种液体电气开关，其使用多个导液液滴形成电路径。在第一实施例中，使用至少第一电压差来产生两个液滴之间的间隔距离。液滴被示例性地包含在壳体内并被不混溶的绝缘液体包围。在该实施例中，至少第一电压差将至少一个液滴的至少一部分从第二液滴中抽出，从而防止电流从至少一个液滴流向第二液滴。在另一个实施例中，至少第一电压差以这样的方式改变，使得至少一个液滴与第二液滴接触，从而在两个液滴之间产生电路径。

2. 发明申请

US20050211505A1 Nanostructured liquid bearing 审中-公开
标题翻译：纳米结构液体轴承
公开(公告)号：US20050211505A1
公开(公告)日：2005-09-29
申请号：US10810774
申请日：2004-03-26
申请人： Timofei Kroupenkine , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss
发明人： Timofei Kroupenkine , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss
IPC分类号： G01C19/18 , B81B3/00 , B81B5/00 , F16C17/00 , F16C33/10 , G01C19/16 , F16N1/00
CPC分类号： G01C19/16 , B81B3/0067 , B81B2203/056 , F16C33/102 , F16C2240/40 , F16C2370/00
摘要： A liquid bearing is disclosed wherein a droplet of liquid separates a first surface having a plurality of nanostructures from a second surface which may or may not be nanostructured. In one embodiment, the liquid droplet is in contact with the nanostructures on the first surface and the second surface in a way such that friction is reduced between the first and second surfaces as one or both surfaces move laterally or rotationally. In one illustrative embodiment, the first surface of the bearing is a surface of a housing in a gyroscope and the second surface is a nanostructured surface of a mass adapted to rotate within the housing. Thus situated, the rotating mass moves with very low friction thereby permitting, for example, the manufacture of very small, highly precise gyroscopes.
摘要翻译：公开了一种液体轴承，其中一滴液体将具有多个纳米结构的第一表面与可以或可以不是纳米结构的第二表面分离。在一个实施例中，液滴与第一表面和第二表面上的纳米结构接触，使得当一个或两个表面横向或旋转移动时，第一和第二表面之间的摩擦力减小。在一个说明性实施例中，轴承的第一表面是陀螺仪中的壳体的表面，并且第二表面是适于在壳体内旋转的质量的纳米结构化表面。因此，旋转的质量以非常低的摩擦力移动，从而允许例如制造非常小的，高精度的陀螺仪。

3. 发明申请

US20050030637A1 OPTICAL BEAMSPLITTER WITH ELECTRO-WETTING ACTUATION 有权
标题翻译：具有电润湿作用的光学透镜
公开(公告)号：US20050030637A1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-10
申请号：US10637837
申请日：2003-08-08
申请人： John Davis , Timofei Kroupenkine
发明人： John Davis , Timofei Kroupenkine
IPC分类号： G02B26/08 , G02B3/12 , G02B3/14 , G02B26/02 , G02B27/14 , G02B1/06
CPC分类号： G02B3/14 , G02B26/005 , G02B27/123
摘要： A tunable optical beamsplitter is disclosed that uses electrowetting techniques to vary the propagation characteristics of one or more light beams. Specifically, electrowetting principles are applied to a region of fluid enclosed within an enclosure to form a plurality of liquid lenses. When a light beam is incident upon the plurality of lenses, the plurality of lenses transforms portions of the light beam in corresponding plurality of output split beams. The region of fluid is controllably moved within the enclosure to modify at least a first optical characteristic of at least a first lens in said plurality of lenses in order to change the propagation characteristics of at least one of the split beams.
摘要翻译：公开了一种可调谐光分路器，其使用电润湿技术来改变一个或多个光束的传播特性。具体地说，将电润湿原理应用于封闭在外壳内的流体区域以形成多个液体透镜。当光束入射到多个透镜时，多个透镜将相应的多个输出分割光束中的光束的部分变换。流体区域在壳体内被可控地移动以修改所述多个透镜中的至少第一透镜的至少第一光学特性，以便改变至少一个分束光束的传播特性。

4. 发明申请

US20050106459A1 Electrowetting battery having a nanostructured electrode surface 有权
标题翻译：具有纳米结构电极表面的电润湿电池
公开(公告)号：US20050106459A1
公开(公告)日：2005-05-19
申请号：US10716084
申请日：2003-11-18
申请人： Timofei Kroupenkine , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss
发明人： Timofei Kroupenkine , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , F42B12/38 , F42C19/00 , H01M4/06 , H01M6/30 , H01M6/32 , H01M6/36 , H01M4/60
CPC分类号： H01M6/36 , F42C19/00 , H01M6/30 , H01M6/32
摘要： A method and apparatus are disclosed wherein a battery comprises an electrode having at least one nanostructured surface. The nanostructured surface is disposed in a way such that an electrolyte fluid of the battery is prevented from contacting the electrode, thus preventing discharge of the battery when the battery is not in use. When a voltage is passed over the nanostructured surface, the electrolyte fluid is caused to penetrate the nanostructured surface and to contact the electrode, thus activating the battery. In one illustrative embodiment, the battery is an integrated part of an electronics package. In another embodiment, the battery is manufactured as a separate device and is then brought into contact with the electronics package. In yet another embodiment, the electronics package and an attached battery are disposed in a projectile that is used as a military targeting device.
摘要翻译：公开了一种方法和装置，其中电池包括具有至少一个纳米结构表面的电极。纳米结构表面被设置成使得电池的电解质流体被防止接触电极，从而防止当电池不使用时电池的放电。当电压通过纳米结构表面时，使电解液渗入纳米结构表面并与电极接触，从而启动电池。在一个说明性实施例中，电池是电子封装的集成部分。在另一个实施例中，电池被制造为单独的装置，然后与电子封装件接触。在另一个实施例中，电子封装和附接的电池被设置在用作军事瞄准装置的射弹中。

5. 发明申请

US20050203613A1 Drug delivery stent 有权
标题翻译：药物输送支架
公开(公告)号：US20050203613A1
公开(公告)日：2005-09-15
申请号：US10798064
申请日：2004-03-11
申请人： Susanne Arney , Timofei Kroupenkine , Donald Weiss
发明人： Susanne Arney , Timofei Kroupenkine , Donald Weiss
IPC分类号： A61F2/00 , A61F2/92 , A61F2/06
CPC分类号： A61L31/14 , A61F2/92 , A61F2210/0076 , A61F2250/0002 , A61F2250/001 , A61F2250/0035 , A61F2250/0039 , A61F2250/0056 , A61F2250/0067 , A61F2250/0068
摘要： An implantable stent comprises a tubular member having an interior surface and an exterior surface, with a region of at least one of the surfaces being hydrophobic. The region is provided with an array of microstructures or nanostructures that covers first portions of the surface but leaves second portions exposed in the interstices of the array. These structures cause the region to have a dynamically controllable hydrophobicity. In one embodiment, a control device, which is affixed to the tubular member, varies the hydrophobicity of the region. In another embodiment, which is particularly applicable to the delivery of a medicinal substance to fluids in body vessels, the stent also includes such a medicinal substance that adheres to the exposed portions until the control device alters the hydrophobicity of the region and causes the substance to be released into a body fluid in contact with the stent. Various ways to load the stent are described. In yet another embodiment, the tubular member is provided with a mechanism that enables the shape of the stent (e.g., its diameter) in vivo to be controlled dynamically, again by means of external wireless communication. In one more embodiment, sensors are affixed to the tubular member to enable fluid parameters (e.g., pressure, flow rate) to be monitored remotely.
摘要翻译：可植入支架包括具有内表面和外表面的管状构件，其中至少一个表面的区域是疏水性的。该区域设置有覆盖表面的第一部分的微观结构或纳米结构阵列，但是留下暴露在阵列间隙中的第二部分。这些结构使得该区域具有动态可控的疏水性。在一个实施例中，固定到管状构件的控制装置改变该区域的疏水性。在另一个特别适用于将药物输送到体内血液的实施方案中，支架还包括粘附到暴露部分的药物，直到控制装置改变该区域的疏水性并使物质被释放到与支架接触的体液中。描述加载支架的各种方式。在另一个实施例中，管状构件设置有能够通过外部无线通信来动态地控制体内支架形状（例如其直径）的机构。在另一个实施例中，传感器固定到管状构件以使流体参数（例如，压力，流速）能够被远程监控。

6. 发明申请

US20050039661A1 Method and apparatus for controlling friction between a fluid and a body 有权
标题翻译：用于控制流体和身体之间摩擦的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US20050039661A1
公开(公告)日：2005-02-24
申请号：US10649285
申请日：2003-08-27
申请人： Avinoam Kornblit , Timofei Kroupenkine , Mary Mandich , Tobias Schneider , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss , Shu Yang
发明人： Avinoam Kornblit , Timofei Kroupenkine , Mary Mandich , Tobias Schneider , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss , Shu Yang
IPC分类号： B63B1/36 , B63G8/20 , B63H25/50 , B63H25/52 , F15D1/12 , B63H1/16
CPC分类号： F15D1/10 , B63B1/36 , B63G8/20 , B63H25/50 , B63H25/52 , Y02T70/121
摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed wherein nanostructures or microstructures are disposed on a surface of a body (such as a submersible vehicle) that is adapted to move through a fluid, such as water. The nanostructures or microstructures are disposed on the surface in a way such that the contact between the surface and the fluid is reduced and, correspondingly, the friction between the surface and the fluid is reduced. In an illustrative embodiment, the surface is a surface on a submarine or other submersible vehicle (such as a torpedo). Illustratively, electrowetting principles are used to cause the fluid to at least partially penetrate the nanostructures or microstructures on the surface of the body in order to selectively create greater friction in a desired location of the surface. Such penetration may be used, for example, to create drag that alters the direction or speed of travel of the body.
摘要翻译：公开了一种方法和装置，其中将纳米结构或微结构布置在适于移动通过诸如水的流体的主体（例如潜水车辆）的表面上。纳米结构或微结构以这样的方式设置在表面上，使得表面和流体之间的接触减小，并且相应地减小了表面和流体之间的摩擦。在说明性实施例中，表面是潜艇或其他潜水车辆（例如鱼雷）上的表面。说明性地，使用电润湿原理使流体至少部分地穿透身体表面上的纳米结构或微结构，以便在表面的期望位置选择性地产生更大的摩擦。例如，可以使用这种穿透来产生改变身体行进方向或速度的阻力。

7. 发明申请

US20050269743A1 Nanostructured surfaces having variable permeability 有权
标题翻译：具有可变渗透性的纳米结构表面
公开(公告)号：US20050269743A1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-08
申请号：US10835639
申请日：2004-04-30
申请人： Timofei Kroupenkine , Mary Mandich , Joseph Taylor
发明人： Timofei Kroupenkine , Mary Mandich , Joseph Taylor
IPC分类号： B01D67/00 , B01D69/06 , B81B1/00 , B82B1/00 , C03C17/00 , H01M2/36 , B29C53/04 , B29C55/02
CPC分类号： B01D69/06 , B81B1/008 , B82Y30/00
摘要： A nanostructured substrate is disclosed having a plurality of substrate openings disposed between the nanostructures on the substrate. When a desired fluid comes into contact with the substrate, at least a portion of the fluid is allowed to pass through at least one of the openings. In a first embodiment, the fluid is caused to pass through the openings by causing the fluid to penetrate the nanostructures. In a second embodiment, the substrate is a flexible substrate so that when a mechanical force is applied to the substrate, such as a bending or stretching force, the distance between nanoposts or the diameter of nanocells on the substrate increases and the liquid penetrates the nanostructures. In another embodiment, a first fluid, such as water, is prevented from penetrating the nanostructures on the substrate while a second fluid is permitted to pass through the substrate via the openings in the substrate.
摘要翻译：公开了一种纳米结构化衬底，其具有设置在衬底上的纳米结构之间的多个衬底开口。当期望的流体与基底接触时，允许至少一部分流体通过至少一个开口。在第一实施例中，通过使流体穿透纳米结构，使流体通过开口。在第二实施例中，衬底是柔性衬底，使得当机械力施加到衬底（例如弯曲或拉伸力）时，纳米孔之间的距离或衬底上的纳米细胞的直径增加，液体渗透纳米结构。在另一个实施例中，防止第一流体（例如水）穿过基板上的纳米结构，同时允许第二流体经由基板中的开口穿过基板。

8. 发明申请

US20060040375A1 DYNAMICALLY CONTROLLABLE BIOLOGICAL/CHEMICAL DETECTORS HAVING NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES 有权
标题翻译：具有纳米结构表面的动态可控生物/化学检测器
公开(公告)号：US20060040375A1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-23
申请号：US10806543
申请日：2004-03-23
申请人： Susanne Arney , Timofei Kroupenkine , Alan Lyons , Mary Mandich , Michael Schabel , Joseph Taylor
发明人： Susanne Arney , Timofei Kroupenkine , Alan Lyons , Mary Mandich , Michael Schabel , Joseph Taylor
IPC分类号： C12M1/34
CPC分类号： B01L3/5088 , B01L3/508 , B01L2300/089 , B01L2300/161 , B01L2400/0406 , B01L2400/0421 , B01L2400/0427 , B01L2400/0436
摘要： A biological/chemical detector is disclosed that is capable of manipulating liquids, such as reagent droplets, without relying on microchannels. In a first embodiment, fluid flow is passed through the detector, thus causing particles wholly or partially containing an illustrative chemical compound or biological species to be collected on the tips of nanostructures in the detector. A droplet of liquid is moved across the tips of the nanostructures, thus absorbing the particles into the liquid. The droplet is caused to penetrate the nanostructures in a desired location, thus causing the chemical compound or biological species in said liquid droplet to come into contact with, for example, a reagent. In another embodiment, a fluid flow is passed through the nanostructured surfaces of the detector such that the chemical compound and/or biological species are deposited between the nanoposts of a desired pixel. A droplet of liquid is moved across the surface to that desired pixel and is caused to penetrate the nanostructures of the pixel, thus contacting a reagent.
摘要翻译：公开了一种生物/化学检测器，其能够在不依赖微通道的情况下操纵诸如试剂液滴的液体。在第一实施例中，流体流动通过检测器，从而使完全或部分含有说明性化学化合物或生物物质的颗粒收集在检测器中的纳米结构的末端上。液滴流过纳米结构的尖端，从而将颗粒吸收到液体中。使液滴在期望的位置穿透纳米结构，从而使所述液滴中的化合物或生物物质与例如试剂接触。在另一个实施方案中，流体流动通过检测器的纳米结构化表面，使得化学化合物和/或生物物质沉积在期望像素的纳米孔之间。一滴液体通过表面移动到该期望的像素，并且被引导穿透像素的纳米结构，从而使试剂接触。

9. 发明申请

US20050208370A1 Reversibly-activated nanostructured battery 有权
标题翻译：可逆激活的纳米结构电池
公开(公告)号：US20050208370A1
公开(公告)日：2005-09-22
申请号：US10803641
申请日：2004-03-18
申请人： Marc Hodes , Paul Kolodner , Timofei Kroupenkine , Alan Lyons , Mary Mandich , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss
发明人： Marc Hodes , Paul Kolodner , Timofei Kroupenkine , Alan Lyons , Mary Mandich , Joseph Taylor , Donald Weiss
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , H01M4/06 , H01M6/32 , H01M6/36 , H01M6/50 , H01M10/50
CPC分类号： H01M6/5077 , B82Y30/00 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/06 , H01M6/36 , H01M6/5038 , H01M2004/021 , Y10S977/948
摘要： A battery having a nanostructured battery electrode is disclosed wherein it is possible to reverse the contact of the electrolyte with the battery electrode and, thus, to return a battery to a reserve state after it has been used to generate current. In order to achieve this reversibility, the nanostructures on the battery electrode comprise a plurality of closed cells and the pressure within the enclosed cells is varied. In a first embodiment, the pressure is varied by varying the temperature of a fluid within the cells by, for example, applying a voltage to electrodes disposed within said cells. In a second illustrative embodiment, once the battery has been fully discharged, the battery is recharged and then the electrolyte fluid is expelled from the cells in a way such that it is no longer in contact with the battery electrode.
摘要翻译：公开了一种具有纳米结构的电池电极的电池，其中可以使电解质与电池电极的接触反转，并且因此在使用电池产生电流之后将电池返回到储备状态。为了实现这种可逆性，电池电极上的纳米结构包括多个闭孔，并且封闭电池内的压力变化。在第一实施例中，通过例如通过将设置在所述单元内的电极施加电压来改变单元内的流体的温度来改变压力。在第二示例性实施例中，一旦电池已经完全放电，电池被再充电，然后电解液以与电池电极不再接触的方式从电池中排出。

10. 发明申请

US20050088754A9 Method and apparatus for calibrating a tunable microlens 有权
公开(公告)号：US20050088754A9
公开(公告)日：2005-04-28
申请号：US10139124
申请日：2002-05-03
申请人： Timofei Kroupenkine
发明人： Timofei Kroupenkine
IPC分类号： G02B3/14 , G02B26/02 , G02B1/06 , G02B3/12
CPC分类号： G02B3/12 , G02B3/14 , G02B26/005 , G02F1/01 , G02F2203/18 , G02F2203/28
摘要： A tunable microlens uses at least two layers of electrodes and a droplet of conducting liquid. Such a droplet, which forms the optics of the microlens, moves toward an electrode with a higher voltage relative to other electrodes in the microlens. When calibration of the microlens is desired, an equal and constant voltage is passed over the first layer of electrodes and a different, constant voltage is passed over the second layer of electrodes, which may, for example, be disposed in a star-like pattern. A driving force relative to each electrode in the second layer results and is proportional to the length of the circumference of the droplet that intersects with each of the electrodes. This driving force reaches equilbrium, and hence the droplet reaches its nominal centered position relative to the second layer of electrodes, when the length of intersection of the circumference of the droplet with each of the electrodes in the second layer is equal.

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