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1. 发明授权

US4591414A Method of determining methane and electrochemical sensor therefor 失效
标题翻译：测定甲烷和电化学传感器的方法
公开(公告)号：US4591414A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-27
申请号：US644467
申请日：1984-08-27
申请人： Solomon Zaromb , Takaaki Otagawa , Joseph R. Stetter
发明人： Solomon Zaromb , Takaaki Otagawa , Joseph R. Stetter
IPC分类号： G01N27/49 , G01N27/28 , G01N27/52
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045
摘要： A method and instrument including an electrochemical cell for the detection and measurement of methane in a gas by the oxidation of methane electrochemically at a working electrode in a nonaqueous electrolyte at a voltage about about 1.4 volts versus R.H.E. (the reversible hydrogen electrode potential in the same electrolyte), and the measurement of the electrical signal resulting from the electrochemical oxidation.
摘要翻译：一种包括电化学电池的方法和仪器，所述电化学电池用于通过电化学地在非水电解质中的工作电极以相对于R.H.E的约1.4伏的电压氧化甲烷来检测和测量气体中的甲烷。（相同电解液中的可逆氢电极电位）以及由电化学氧化产生的电信号的测量。

2. 发明授权

US4973391A Composite polymers of polyaniline with metal phthalocyanine and polyaniline with organic sulfonic acid and nafion 失效
标题翻译：聚苯胺与金属酞菁和聚苯胺与有机磺酸和硝酸的复合聚合物
公开(公告)号：US4973391A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-27
申请号：US238571
申请日：1988-08-30
申请人： Marc J. Madou , Takaaki Otagawa
发明人： Marc J. Madou , Takaaki Otagawa
IPC分类号： C08J5/18 , C08G73/00 , C08L79/00 , C40B60/14 , G02F1/15 , H01M4/60
CPC分类号： G02F1/15 , H01M4/60 , B01J2219/00317 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00713 , C40B60/14
摘要： The present invention relates to a process for the production of an electrochromic electrically conductive composite membrane, which process comprises:(a) combining aniline and metal phthalocyanine in dilute hydrochloric acid; and(b) applying to the solution of step (a) a constant current density of between about 0.05 and 0.2 milliamperes/cm.sup.2 for between about 1 to 10 minutes on an electrode selected from a transparent platinum electrode or an ITO electrode to produce the improved electrically conductive electrochromic membrane. The present invention also relates to a process for the production of an electrically conductive composite membrane which comprises:(a) combining aniline, organic sulfonic acid and NAFION.RTM. all in the acid form and electropolymerizing the aqueous solution to obtain the polyaniline thin film. The electrochromic electrically conductive composite membrane produced by the process is described which is colorless when subjected to between about -0.3 V to 0 V and green to blue when subjected to between 0 V and +0.6 V. These films are useful in electrochromic displays.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种生产电致变色导电复合膜的方法，该方法包括：（a）将苯胺和金属酞菁在稀盐酸中混合; 和（b）在选自透明铂电极或ITO电极的电极上，向步骤（a）的溶液施加约0.05至0.2毫安/厘米2的恒定电流密度约1至10分钟，以产生改进的导电电致变色膜。本发明还涉及一种制备导电复合膜的方法，其包括：（a）将所有酸性形式的苯胺，有机磺酸和NAFION TM组合并使该水溶液电聚合得到聚苯胺薄膜。描述了通过该方法制备的电致变色导电复合膜，其在经受约-0.3V至0V之间是无色的，当经受在0V和+ 0.6V之间时，其为绿色至蓝色。这些膜可用于电致变色显示器中。

3. 发明授权

US5002700A Permanently doped polyaniline and method thereof 失效
标题翻译：永久掺杂聚苯胺及其方法
公开(公告)号：US5002700A
公开(公告)日：1991-03-26
申请号：US334680
申请日：1989-04-06
申请人： Takaaki Otagawa , Marc J. Madou
发明人： Takaaki Otagawa , Marc J. Madou
IPC分类号： C08J5/18 , C08G73/00 , C08L79/00 , C40B60/14 , G02F1/15 , H01M4/60
CPC分类号： G02F1/15 , H01M4/60 , B01J2219/00317 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00713 , C40B60/14
摘要： The present invention relates to an electrically conducting polymer, the water-insoluble polymer having essentially permanent self-doping properties, and the polymer comprises:(a) electrically polymerized polyaniline in covalent combination with(b) an organic dopant having at least one sulfonic acid functional group. The electrically conducting polymer-dopant is preferred wherein the organic dopant is selected from benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonyl chloride, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, poly(vinylsulfonic) acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, 1-butanesulfonic acid, modified NAFION, 2,3,5-trichlorobenzenesulfonic acid, vinylphenylsulfonic acid, or the alkali metal salts thereof. In another aspect, the present invention discloses a method to produce a water-insoluble polyaniline in which an aromatic organic dopant is covalently bonded to the polyaniline, which method comprises (a) electropolymerizing aniline in an aqueous solvent which contains the organic dopant. These permanently doped polyanilines are useful as films for electric battery electrodes, and for electrochromic applications.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种导电聚合物，该水不溶性聚合物具有基本上永久的自掺杂性质，聚合物包括：（a）与（b）具有至少一个磺酸的有机掺杂剂共价组合的电聚合聚苯胺功能组。导电聚合物掺杂剂是优选的，其中有机掺杂剂选自苯磺酸，甲苯磺酸，苯磺酰氯，十二烷基苯磺酸，聚（乙烯基磺酸），三氟甲磺酸，1-丁磺酸，改性的NAFION，三氯苯磺酸，乙烯基苯磺酸或其碱金属盐。另一方面，本发明公开了一种生产水溶性聚苯胺的方法，其中芳族有机掺杂剂共价键合到聚苯胺上，该方法包括（a）在含有有机掺杂剂的水性溶剂中电聚苯胺。这些永久掺杂的聚苯胺可用作电池电极的膜，并且用于电致变色应用。

4. 发明授权

US4874500A Microelectrochemical sensor and sensor array 失效
标题翻译：微电化学传感器和传感器阵列
公开(公告)号：US4874500A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-17
申请号：US73805
申请日：1987-07-15
申请人： Marc J. Madou , Takaaki Otagawa
发明人： Marc J. Madou , Takaaki Otagawa
IPC分类号： G01N27/27 , B01J35/02 , G01N27/403 , G01N27/404
CPC分类号： G01N27/403
摘要： The invention relates to a microelectrochemical electrode structure comprising a monolithic substrate having a front surface and a back surface facing generally away from one another, a first well extending into the substrate from the surface towards the back surface and ending in a first well bottom, and a first passage extending into the substrate from the back surface to the first well bottom. A first electrode is located wholly within the first well. A first conductor in the first passage serves for electrically communicating the first electrode to adjacent the back surface. A plurality of such electrode structures can be provided on a single substrate. The use of semiconductor processing technology allows the entire sensor to be extremely small. If desired, an integrated circuit can be provided on the back surface of the substrate for amplifying or otherwise processing signals from the first electrode. Analysis can be carried out for vapors or dissolved species (ionic or non-ionic).

5. 发明授权

US4812221A Fast response time microsensors for gaseous and vaporous species 失效
标题翻译：快速响应时间的气体和蒸气物种微量传感器
公开(公告)号：US4812221A
公开(公告)日：1989-03-14
申请号：US73495
申请日：1987-07-15
申请人： Marc J. Madou , Takaaki Otagawa
发明人： Marc J. Madou , Takaaki Otagawa
IPC分类号： G01N27/404 , G01N27/27 , G01N27/416 , G01N27/49 , G01N27/54
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045
摘要： The present invention relates to a sensor for gaseous and vaporous species. The sensor comprises a substrate having a surface having an opening therein. A gas and vapor permeable sensing electrode having front and back sides is located across the opening with the front side facing generally the same direction as does the surface. A gas flow path leads to the back side of the sensing electrode. An electrolytic medium is in contact with the front side of the electrode. An additional electrode is in contact with the electrolytic medium and is electronically isolated from the sensing electrode other than via the electrolytic medium. A gas sensor as described has a very fast response time and an extended lifetime and can be made selective for any of a number of different gaseous species.

6. 发明授权

US5403680A Photolithographic and electron beam lithographic fabrication of micron and submicron three-dimensional arrays of electronically conductive polymers 失效
标题翻译：电子导电聚合物的微米和亚微米三维阵列的光刻和电子束光刻制造
公开(公告)号：US5403680A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US828414
申请日：1992-01-31
申请人： Takaaki Otagawa , Marc J. Madou , Leonor A. Wachsman
发明人： Takaaki Otagawa , Marc J. Madou , Leonor A. Wachsman
IPC分类号： C40B60/14 , G02F1/15 , H01M4/60
CPC分类号： H01M4/60 , G02F1/15 , B01J2219/00317 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00713 , C40B60/14
摘要： The present invention relates to a method to produce a thin film three dimensional microelectrode of an electrically conductive polymer having an organized array of identical microprotrusions, which method comprises:(a) depositing at least one conductive metal thin film on an essentially smooth substrate,(b) depositing a thin film of a micropositive photoresist on the surface of the at least one conductive metal thin film,(c) subjecting the combination of step (b) to photolithographic or electron beam lithographic conditions with a mask capable of producing a metallic microwell,(d) electrochemically polymerizing an electrically conductive polymer onto the conducting metal,(e) removing the photoresist to produce the three dimensional microelectrode array of the electrically conductive polymer. Preferred electrically conductive polymers of step (d) are selected from polypyrrole or polyaniline. The methods wherein in step (d) the polymer is electrochemically polymerized using a constant current, or in step (d) the polymer is electrochemically polymerized using a constant potential, or in step (d), the polymer is electrochemically polymerized using a cyclic potential are preferred.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种制备导电聚合物的薄膜三维微电极的方法，该微电极具有相同的微突起组织的阵列，该方法包括：（a）在基本平滑的基底上沉积至少一个导电金属薄膜， b）在所述至少一个导电金属薄膜的表面上沉积微阳极光致抗蚀剂的薄膜，（c）使步骤（b）的组合对光刻或电子束平版印刷条件具有能够产生金属微孔的掩模（d）将导电聚合物电化学聚合到导电金属上，（e）去除光致抗蚀剂以产生导电聚合物的三维微电极阵列。步骤（d）的优选导电聚合物选自聚吡咯或聚苯胺。在步骤（d）中使用恒定电流使聚合物进行电化学聚合的方法，或在步骤（d）中，使用恒定电位对聚合物进行电化学聚合，或者在步骤（d）中，使用循环电位进行电化学聚合是优选的。

7. 发明授权

US5294504A Three-dimensional microstructure as a substrate for a battery electrode 失效
标题翻译：作为电池电极的基板的三维微结构
公开(公告)号：US5294504A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-15
申请号：US861368
申请日：1992-03-31
申请人： Takaaki Otagawa , Arvind N. Jina , Marc J. Madou
发明人： Takaaki Otagawa , Arvind N. Jina , Marc J. Madou
IPC分类号： C40B60/14 , G02F1/15 , H01M4/60
CPC分类号： H01M4/60 , G02F1/15 , B01J2219/00317 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00713 , C40B60/14 , Y10T428/31504
摘要： The present invention concerns a three dimensional conductive organic polymer covered micro structure having improved current carrying capacity as compared to a substantially smooth surface. More specifically, it relates to a three-dimensional poly(aniline) or poly(pyrrole)-substrate micro structure for use as a battery electrode, having improved properties as compared to a substantially smooth surface, which structure comprises: a thin surface layer of poly(aniline) or poly(pyrrole) film on a substrate surface, wherein the polyaniline or poly(pyrrole) film has a thickness of between about 0.1 and 10 microns and the substrate surface is irregular or patterned having a protruding surface, wherein representative protrusions amount to between about 40 to 90 percent of the surface of the electrode. The processes to produce the three-dimensional microstructure are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及与基本平滑的表面相比具有改善的载流能力的三维导电有机聚合物覆盖微结构。更具体地，本发明涉及一种用作电池电极的三维聚（苯胺）或聚（吡咯） - 底物微结构，与基本平滑的表面相比具有改进的性能，该结构包括：薄的表面层聚（苯胺）或聚（吡咯）膜，其中所述聚苯胺或聚（吡咯）膜具有约0.1至10微米的厚度，并且所述基底表面是不规则的或图案化的具有突出表面，其中代表性突起相当于电极表面的约40％至90％。还公开了生产三维微结构的方法。

8. 发明授权

US5047352A Selective chemical detection by energy modulation of sensors 失效
标题翻译：通过传感器能量调节进行选择性化学检测
公开(公告)号：US5047352A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-10
申请号：US300206
申请日：1989-01-23
申请人： Joseph R. Stetter , Takaaki Otagawa
发明人： Joseph R. Stetter , Takaaki Otagawa
IPC分类号： G01N27/28 , G01N33/00
CPC分类号： G01N33/0016 , G01N2033/0019 , Y10T436/25 , Y10T436/25875
摘要： A portable instrument for use in the field in detecting, identifying, and quantifying a component of a sampled fluid includes a sensor which chemically reacts with the component of interest or a derivative thereof, an electrical heating filament for heating the sample before it is applied to the sensor, and modulator for continuously varying the temperature of the filament (and hence the reaction rate) between two values sufficient to produce the chemical reaction. In response to this thermal modulation, the sensor produces a modulated output signal, the modulation of which is a function of the activation energy of the chemical reaction, which activation energy is specific to the particular component of interest and its concentration. Microprocessor which compares the modulated output signal with standard responses for a plurality of components to identify and quantify the particular component of interest. In particular, the concentration of the component of interest is proportional to the amplitude of the modulated output signal, while the identifying activation output energy of the chemical interaction indicative of that component is proportional to a normalized parameter equal to the peak-to-peak amplitude divided by the height of the upper peaks above a base line signal level.
摘要翻译：用于本领域中用于检测，识别和定量取样流体的组分的便携式仪器包括与感兴趣的组分或其衍生物发生化学反应的传感器，用于在将样品施加到样品之前加热样品的电加热丝传感器和调制器，用于在足以产生化学反应的两个值之间连续地改变灯丝的温度（因此反应速率）。响应于该热调制，传感器产生调制输出信号，其调制是化学反应的活化能的函数，该活化能是特定于感兴趣的特定成分及其浓度的函数。将调制的输出信号与多个组件的标准响应进行比较以识别和量化感兴趣的特定分量的微处理器。特别地，感兴趣的组分的浓度与调制的输出信号的幅度成比例，而指示该分量的化学相互作用的识别激活输出能量与等于峰 - 峰幅度的归一化参数成比例除以基线信号电平以上的上峰的高度。

9. 发明授权

US4900405A Surface type microelectronic gas and vapor sensor 失效
标题翻译：表面型微电子气体和蒸汽传感器
公开(公告)号：US4900405A
公开(公告)日：1990-02-13
申请号：US73712
申请日：1987-07-15
申请人： Takaaki Otagawa , Marc J. Madou
发明人： Takaaki Otagawa , Marc J. Madou
IPC分类号： G01N27/416 , G01N27/49
CPC分类号： G01N27/4045
摘要： The present invention is concerned with electrode structures and microsensors having fast response times and high sensitivity and to methods using such structures and/or microsensors. This is accomplished in any one of several ways. In one, the sensing and counter electrodes are positioned close enough together on an active area so that ion migration therebetween is fast. The thickness of the electrolytic medium on the active area is restricted to be no more than about 10 microns so that diffusion therethrough between the electrodes is at least as fast as the ion migration. In another, the sensing electrode may have outwardly extending portions extending beyond the electrolytic medium and not being covered thereby. Or, conductive particles can be distributed in the electrolytic medium. Or the medium can be very thin. Or, the electrodes can be interdigited. Combinations of the above structural features are also set forth.

10. 发明授权

US5187034A Permanently doped polyaniline and method thereof 失效
标题翻译：永久掺杂的聚苯胺及其方法
公开(公告)号：US5187034A
公开(公告)日：1993-02-16
申请号：US675091
申请日：1991-03-25
申请人： Takaaki Otagawa , Marc J. Madou
发明人： Takaaki Otagawa , Marc J. Madou
IPC分类号： C08J5/18 , C08G73/00 , C08L79/00 , C40B60/14 , G02F1/15 , H01M4/60
CPC分类号： G02F1/15 , H01M4/60 , B01J2219/00317 , B01J2219/00659 , B01J2219/00713 , C40B60/14
摘要： The present invention relates to an electrically conducting polymer, the water-insoluble polymer having essentially permanent self-doping properties, and the polynmer comprises:(a) electrically polymerized polyaniline in covalent combination with(b) an organic dopant having at least one sulfonic acid functional group. The electrically conducting polymer-dopant is preferred wherein the organic dopant is selected from benzenesulfonic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonyl chloride, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, poly(vinylsulfonic) acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, 1-butanesulfonic acid, modified NAFION, 2,3,5-trichlorobenzenesulfonic acid, vinylphenylsulfonic acid, or the alkali metal salts thereof. In another aspect, the present invention discloses a method to produce a water-insoluble polyaniline in which an aromatic organic dopant is covalently bonded to the polyaniline, which method comprises (a) electropolymerizing aniline in an aqueous solvent which contains the organic dopant. These permanently doped polyanilines are useful as films for electric battery electrodes, and for electrochromic applications.

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