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1. 发明授权

US06891370B2 Method and system for three dimensional phase unwrapping 失效
标题翻译：三维相位展开方法与系统
公开(公告)号：US06891370B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-10
申请号：US10615121
申请日：2003-07-08
申请人： Harvey Cline , Siegwalt Ludke
发明人： Harvey Cline , Siegwalt Ludke
IPC分类号： G01R33/565 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01R33/56563
摘要： In an alternate technique, a magnetic resonance imaging system comprises a set of gradient coils for producing controlled gradient field; a radio frequency coil for applying excitation signals to a subject of interest; a detecting coil for detecting magnetic resonance signals resulting from the excitation signals; and a control circuitry configured to energize the set of gradient coils, the radio frequency coil and to obtain a three dimensional phase wrapped image from the magnetic resonance signals detected by the detecting coils, and the control circuitry comprising a phase unwrap component to perform phase unwrapping in a volume of interest of the phase wrapped image to obtain a phase unwrapped image.
摘要翻译：在替代技术中，磁共振成像系统包括用于产生受控梯度场的一组梯度线圈; 射频线圈，用于向感兴趣的对象施加激励信号; 用于检测由激励信号产生的磁共振信号的检测线圈; 以及控制电路，其被配置为对所述一组梯度线圈，所述射频线圈进行通电并且从由所述检测线圈检测的所述磁共振信号获得三维相位缠绕图像，并且所述控制电路包括相位展开分量以执行相位展开在相位缠绕图像的感兴趣的体积中以获得相位展开图像。

2. 发明授权

US4791567A Three dimensional connectivity system employing an equivalence schema for determining connected substructures within a body 失效
标题翻译：三维连接系统采用等效模式来确定身体内的连接子结构
公开(公告)号：US4791567A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US907333
申请日：1986-09-15
申请人： Harvey E. Cline , William E. Lorensen , Siegwalt Ludke
发明人： Harvey E. Cline , William E. Lorensen , Siegwalt Ludke
IPC分类号： A61B6/03 , A61B5/055 , A61B10/00 , G06T1/00 , G06T11/00 , G06T15/08 , G06T17/00 , G06F15/62
CPC分类号： G06T17/00 , Y10S378/901
摘要： An apparatus and method for determining connected substructures within a body is disclosed. The system and method are particularly advantageous for use in medical diagnostic imaging applications. In particular, three dimensional regions exhibiting the same tissue type are similarly labeled. The system and method of the present invention is operable in any situation in which three dimensional signal patterns representing the value of one or more physical properties associated with the substructures within a body at regularly spaced grid locations within the body are presented. A subset of the original data may then be provided to a display processor, particularly one employing gradient normal shading for display of three dimensional images. Even more particularly, the present invention is related to a method and system for determining equivalence classes of objects, the objects typically comprising one or two dimensional connected regions found in a planar slice of data from magnetic resonance imaging or x-ray tomography systems.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于确定身体内的连接子结构的装置和方法。该系统和方法对于在医学诊断成像应用中使用是特别有利的。特别地，显示相同组织类型的三维区域被类似地标记。本发明的系统和方法可在任何情况下操作，其中呈现三维信号模式，其中表示与身体内的规则间隔的网格位置处的体内相关联的一个或多个物理属性的值的值。然后可以将原始数据的子集提供给显示处理器，特别是使用用于显示三维图像的梯度正常着色的处理器。更具体地说，本发明涉及一种用于确定物体的等效等级的方法和系统，所述方法和系统通常包括在来自磁共振成像或X射线层析成像系统的平面数据片段中发现的一维或二维连接区域。

3. 发明授权

US4719585A Dividing cubes system and method for the display of surface structures contained within the interior region of a solid body 失效
标题翻译：用于显示包含在固体的内部区域内的表面结构的分立立方体系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US4719585A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-12
申请号：US770164
申请日：1985-08-28
申请人： Harvey E. Cline , Siegwalt Ludke , William E. Lorensen
发明人： Harvey E. Cline , Siegwalt Ludke , William E. Lorensen
IPC分类号： G06T1/00 , G06T15/08 , G06T17/00 , G06F3/14
CPC分类号： G06T17/00
摘要： A system for displaying three dimensional surface structures employs the analysis of voxel elements defined by eight cubically adjacent grid locations which are associated with at least one physical property defined throughout a three dimensional body. The physical property measurements may be made with such systems as computerized tomographic x-ray systems, or magnetic resonance imaging devices. Surface structures are defined by a user selected threshhold value such as distinct values for skin and bone in medical diagnostic applications. Selected voxels are subdivided and means are provided for generating signal values associated with intermediate additional grid locations. Means are also provided for generating surface normal vectors associated with these grid locations. The system of the present invention produces a sequence of signals representative of grid locations throughout the object being investigated together with associated surface normal vectors at these locations, the locations lying on a user selected surface. The system provides smooth, high resolution images which particularly useful for medical diagnostic applications and is particularly useful with conventional display processor hardware used for electronic graphics display. The capabilities of the system additionally provide enhanced flexibility and speed for the convenience of interactive users.
摘要翻译：用于显示三维表面结构的系统使用由八个立方相邻网格位置定义的体素元素的分析，其与在三维体中定义的至少一个物理属性相关联。物理性质测量可以用诸如计算机断层X射线系统或磁共振成像装置的系统进行。表面结构由用户选择的阈值定义，例如医疗诊断应用中皮肤和骨骼的不同值。选择的体素被细分，提供了用于产生与中间附加网格位置相关联的信号值的装置。还提供了用于产生与这些网格位置相关联的表面法向量的装置。本发明的系统产生一系列信号，代表整个物体中的网格位置，以及在这些位置处的相关表面法向量，位于用户选择的表面上的位置。该系统提供平滑，高分辨率的图像，对于医疗诊断应用特别有用，并且对于用于电子图形显示的常规显示处理器硬件特别有用。该系统的功能还提供增强的灵活性和速度，以方便交互式用户。

4. 发明授权

US4985834A System and method employing pipelined parallel circuit architecture for displaying surface structures of the interior region of a solid body 失效
标题翻译：采用流水线并联电路架构的系统和方法，用于显示固体的内部区域的表面结构
公开(公告)号：US4985834A
公开(公告)日：1991-01-15
申请号：US275154
申请日：1988-11-22
申请人： Harvey E. Cline , Richard I. Hartley , Siegwalt Ludke , Sharbel E. Noujaim
发明人： Harvey E. Cline , Richard I. Hartley , Siegwalt Ludke , Sharbel E. Noujaim
IPC分类号： G01N9/24 , G06T1/00 , G06T1/20 , G06T7/60 , G06T11/00 , G06T17/00
CPC分类号： G06T17/00
摘要： Arbitrary interior surfaces of a three-dimensional body are displayed from a regular array of values of at least one physical property in the interior of the body. The physical property measurements may be made with systems such as computerized tomographic x-ray, or magnetic resonance imaging. Highly parallel circuits and a highly parallel architecture permit generation of surface views in real time, i.e., sufficiently fast to support ongoing procedures such as surgical operations. These parallel circuits, realizable on large scale integrated circuit chips, perform surface normal calculations, linear interpolations and signal comparisons in simultaneously operating circuit paths which are asynchronously enabled when input data appear.
摘要翻译：三维身体的任意内表面从身体内部的至少一个物理性质的规则数组中显示出来。物理性质测量可以用诸如计算机断层X射线或磁共振成像的系统进行。高度并行的电路和高度平行的架构允许实时地产生表面视图，即足够快以支持正在进行的程序，例如外科手术。这些并行电路可在大规模集成电路芯片上实现，可在同时工作的电路路径中进行表面正常计算，线性内插和信号比较，并在输入数据出现时异步启用。

5. 发明授权

US4879668A Method of displaying internal surfaces of three-dimensional medical images 失效
标题翻译：显示三维医学图像内表面的方法
公开(公告)号：US4879668A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-07
申请号：US943357
申请日：1986-12-19
申请人： Harvey E. Cline , Siegwalt Ludke , William E. Lorensen
发明人： Harvey E. Cline , Siegwalt Ludke , William E. Lorensen
IPC分类号： A61B19/00 , G06T17/00 , G09G1/06
CPC分类号： G06T17/00 , A61B90/36 , G09G1/06 , A61B34/10
摘要： A count is kept of the number of surfaces traversed, in a variety of three-dimensional imaging systems which are particularly advantageous for use in medical applications based upon data generated by magnetic resonance imaging systems and computerized axial tomographic imaging systems. The system is particularly advantageous in a surgical workstation for planning a wide variety of operative procedures. Surfaces may be selected and displayed simultaneously so as to provide the viewer with a significantly improved knowledge of the relationship of various internal body structures.
摘要翻译：在基于由磁共振成像系统和计算机化的轴向断层成像系统产生的数据的医疗应用中特别有利的各种三维成像系统中，保持遍历的表面数量的计数。该系统在用于规划各种操作程序的外科手术工作站中特别有利。可以同时选择和显示表面，以便向观众提供对各种内部身体结构的关系的显着改进的了解。

6. 发明授权

US4224504A Apparatus for practicing temperature gradient zone melting 失效
标题翻译：用于实施温度梯度区熔化的装置
公开(公告)号：US4224504A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-23
申请号：US917492
申请日：1978-06-21
申请人： Carl A. Erikson , Thomas R. Anthony , Harvey E. Cline , Siegwalt Ludke , John O. Fielding
发明人： Carl A. Erikson , Thomas R. Anthony , Harvey E. Cline , Siegwalt Ludke , John O. Fielding
IPC分类号： C30B13/00 , C30B13/02 , H01L21/00 , B25J15/06 , F27B9/06
CPC分类号： H01L21/67115 , C30B13/005 , C30B13/02
摘要： An apparatus for practicing temperature gradient zone melting simultaneously on a plurality of semiconductor bodies comprises a closable work chamber for receiving the bodies for processing; a heat source disposed in the work chamber and comprising a first closure member thereof; a heat sink disposed in the work chamber and comprising a second closure member thereof and means for transferring one or more bodies of semiconductor material to the work chamber for processing and from the work chamber subsequent to processing. The transferring means comprises manipulative means for selectively engaging the semiconductor bodies and supporting the bodies in transit and drive means for moving the manipulative means toward and away from the work chamber and orienting the manipulative means with respect to the semiconductor bodies.
摘要翻译：用于在多个半导体主体上同时实施温度梯度区熔化的装置包括：用于接收加工体的可关闭工作室; 设置在所述工作室中并包括其第一关闭构件的热源; 设置在所述工作室中并包括其第二闭合构件的散热器和用于将一个或多个半导体材料体转移到所述工作室进行处理的装置和用于在处理之后的所述工作室的装置。传送装置包括用于选择性地接合半导体主体并且支撑传送体的驱动装置和用于使操作装置朝向和远离工作室移动并使操纵装置相对于半导体主体定向的驱动装置的操纵装置。

7. 发明授权

US06249693B1 Method and apparatus for cardiac analysis using four-dimensional connectivity and image dilation 有权
标题翻译：使用四维连接和图像扩张的心脏分析的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06249693B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-19
申请号：US09431953
申请日：1999-11-01
申请人： Harvey Ellis Cline , Siegwalt Ludke
发明人： Harvey Ellis Cline , Siegwalt Ludke
IPC分类号： A61B500
CPC分类号： G01R33/56 , G01R33/5608
摘要： An imaging system enables cardiac functioning within a particular cardiac chamber to be imaged. The system acquires imaging data that includes intensity values for four-dimensional voxels within a region of interest (ROI). A seed voxel is identified, and neighbor voxels to the seed voxel are also identified. The intensity values for each neighbor voxel are compared to a threshold to determine whether the voxel corresponds to blood or muscle tissue. For each neighbor voxel corresponding to blood, its neighbor voxels are identified and compared to the threshold, and this process is repeated until a pre-established spatial boundary is encountered or the number of new neighbor voxels indicates that processing is migrating into an adjacent cardiac chamber. At that point, the set of identified blood voxels represents a blood volume for the desired cardiac chamber. Voxels adjacent to the interior and exterior surface boundaries of the blood volume are added to the set. At that point, the set of voxels are counted into bins of cardiac phases, cardiac images for each phase are reconstructed, and parameters such as ejection fraction are calculated.
摘要翻译：成像系统使得能够对特定心室内的心脏功能进行成像。该系统获取包括感兴趣区域（ROI）内的四维体素的强度值的成像数据。识别种子体素，并且还识别出种子体素的相邻体素。将每个邻近体元的强度值与阈值进行比较，以确定体素是否对应于血液或肌肉组织。对于对应于血液的每个邻近体素，其邻近体素被识别并与阈值进行比较，并且重复该过程直到遇到预先建立的空间边界或新邻居体素的数目表示该过程迁移到相邻心室。在这一点上，识别的血液体素的集合代表所需心室的血液体积。与血液体积的内部和外部表面边界相邻的体素被添加到组中。在这一点上，将这组体素计数到心脏相位的心脏区，重建每个阶段的心脏图像，并计算诸如射血分数的参数。

8. 发明授权

US6115048A Fast method of creating 3D surfaces by `stretching cubes` 失效
标题翻译：通过“拉伸立方体”创建3D曲面的快速方法
公开(公告)号：US6115048A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-05
申请号：US787526
申请日：1997-01-21
申请人： Harvey Ellis Cline , Siegwalt Ludke
发明人： Harvey Ellis Cline , Siegwalt Ludke
IPC分类号： G09G5/36 , G06T15/08 , G06T17/10 , G06F15/00
CPC分类号： G06T17/10
摘要： A system for displaying surfaces of volumetric data determines surface cubes by a simple method without interpolation. A central voxel is selected. The central voxel is tested against a threshold. If it is below the threshold, a different voxel is chosen as a central voxel. When one is found which is above the threshold, diagonal cubes, those at each of the corners of the central voxel, are tested against the threshold. When one is encountered with at least one voxel below the threshold, it is categorized as a surface voxel. The values of the adjacent voxels are then used to determine a vector normal to the surface at the central voxel. This is repeated for a number of central voxels to determine a surface. The surface then may be displayed. If anisotropic voxels are used, the elevation angle is converted to an effective elevation angle. The normal vectors to the surface are also adjusted to compensate for the anisotropic nature of the data. The voxels are then assumed to be isotropic being displayed with the effective elevation angle and using the adjusted surface normals.
摘要翻译：用于显示体积数据表面的系统通过没有插值的简单方法来确定表面立方体。选择中心体素。中心体素针对阈值进行测试。如果它低于阈值，则选择不同的体素作为中心体素。当找到高于阈值的人时，针对阈值测试对角立方体，即中心体素的每个角落处的角立方体。当遇到低于阈值的至少一个体素时，它被分类为表面体素。然后使用相邻体素的值来确定在中心体素处垂直于表面的矢量。对于许多中心体素重复这一点以确定表面。然后可以显示表面。如果使用各向异性体素，则将仰角转换为有效仰角。还调整了表面的法向量以补偿数据的各向异性。然后假设体素为具有有效仰角的各向同性，并使用调整的表面法线。

9. 发明授权

US06219060B1 Rendering of surfaces from volumetric data employing both dividing and stretching cubes 失效
标题翻译：使用分割和拉伸立方体的体积数据渲染表面
公开(公告)号：US06219060B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09173332
申请日：1998-10-15
申请人： Siegwalt Ludke , Harvey Ellis Cline
发明人： Siegwalt Ludke , Harvey Ellis Cline
IPC分类号： G06T1700
CPC分类号： G06T15/08
摘要： Anisotropic data having data spacing significantly larger between layers of data compared with spacing between adjacent data values, is supplemented with additional data to approximate isometric data. The ratio of spacing in one dimension to another is referred to as an aspect ratio A. Preferably, spacing is halved until spacing a modified aspect ratio A′ is near unity. Intermediate values are interpolated between existing values of the anisotropic data to create approximate isotropic data having a modified aspect ratio A′. Surface voxels are determined from the approximate isotropic data. The values of the adjacent voxels are then used to determine a vector normal to the surface at the central voxel. This is repeated for a number of central voxels to determine a surface. The viewing elevation angle is converted to an effective elevation angle. The surface is then rendered into a 2D screen image as if it were created from isotropic data. The resulting distorted 2D image is then stretched by an amount related to the approximate aspect ratio A′ to result in a high-resolution non-distorted image. The surface then may be displayed.
摘要翻译：与相邻数据值之间的间隔相比，各层数据之间的数据间隔显着更大的各向异性数据被补充有附加数据以近似等轴测量数据。将一个尺寸之间的间距与另一个尺寸的比率称为纵横比A.优选地，将间隔减半，直到修改的纵横比A'接近单位为止。在各向异性数据的现有值之间插入中间值以创建具有修改的纵横比A'的近似各向同性数据。表面体素由近似各向同性数据确定。然后使用相邻体素的值来确定在中心体素处垂直于表面的矢量。对于许多中心体素重复这一点以确定表面。视角仰角转换为有效仰角。然后将表面渲染成2D屏幕图像，就好像它是由各向同性数据创建的。然后将产生的失真的2D图像拉伸与大致长宽比A'相关的量，以产生高分辨率的非失真图像。然后可以显示表面。

10. 发明授权

US5226113A Method and apparatus for volumetric projection rendering using reverse ray casting 失效
标题翻译：使用反射射线投射的体积投影渲染的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5226113A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-06
申请号：US844983
申请日：1992-02-28
申请人： Harvey E. Cline , Siegwalt Ludke , Charles L. Dumoulin , Steven P. Souza
发明人： Harvey E. Cline , Siegwalt Ludke , Charles L. Dumoulin , Steven P. Souza
IPC分类号： G06T17/00
CPC分类号： G06T17/00
摘要： A method for providing a volumetrically-rendered projection image using reverse ray casting, uses the steps of: acquiring, from an object volume of interest, a set of data sampled from each volume element (voxel) therein responsive to a selected characteristic of that object volume; storing the data for each object voxel in a corresponding data volume element; scanning sequentially through each data voxel within the data volume corresponding to the object volume of interest; projecting each scanned data voxel to an image plane, at a solid angle determined from the solid angle at which the object volume is viewed; storing a value for each image plane pixel, responsive to a selected criteria, from the values of all projected data voxel values impingent upon that image plane pixel; and then scaling the dimensions of each image plane pixel responsive to the dimensions of the corresponding object volume shape, and the involved projection solid angle, to correct for anisotropy.
摘要翻译：使用反射射线投射提供体积绘制的投影图像的方法使用以下步骤：从感兴趣的对象体积中获取从每个体元素（体素）采样的一组数据，其中响应于该对象的所选特征卷; 将每个对象体素的数据存储在对应的数据量元素中; 依次扫描与感兴趣的物体体积相对应的数据体内的每个数据体素; 将每个扫描的数据体素以从观察对象体积的立体角度确定的立体角投影到图像平面; 响应于所选择的标准，从撞击该图像平面像素的所有投影数据体素值的值存储每个图像平面像素的值; 然后响应于相应的对象体积形状的尺寸和所涉及的投影立体角来缩放每个图像平面像素的尺寸，以校正各向异性。

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