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1. 发明授权

US09187809B2 Tough coated hard particles consolidated in a tough matrix material 有权
标题翻译：坚硬的硬质颗粒固结在坚韧的基质材料中
公开(公告)号：US09187809B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-17
申请号：US12849711
申请日：2010-08-03
申请人： John M. Keane , Randall M. German
发明人： John M. Keane , Randall M. German
IPC分类号： C22C29/00 , C22C29/02 , B22F1/02 , C04B35/117 , C04B35/58 , C04B35/628 , C04B35/645 , C22C26/00
CPC分类号： C22C29/02 , B22F1/02 , B22F1/025 , C04B35/117 , C04B35/58021 , C04B35/62831 , C04B35/645 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3847 , C04B2235/3856 , C04B2235/3886 , C04B2235/96 , C22C26/00 , Y10T428/12014
摘要： Consolidated materials comprising a plurality of coated particles dispersed in a tough matrix material are disclosed. The coated particles include a plurality of core particles having an intermediate layer that substantially surrounds each of the core particles. An optional outer layer may be present on the intermediate layer. A matrix contains or substantially contains each of the coated particles, and is formed from at least one third compound including a mixture of W, WC, and/or W2C with Co. The amount of Co in the at least one third compound may range from greater than 0 to about 20 weight %. Methods for providing consolidated materials, and articles comprising such consolidated materials are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了包含分散在坚韧基体材料中的多个涂覆颗粒的固结材料。涂覆的颗粒包括具有基本上围绕每个核心颗粒的中间层的多个芯颗粒。可选的外层可以存在于中间层上。基质包含或基本上包含每个涂覆的颗粒，并且由包含W，WC和/或W2C与Co的混合物的至少一种第三化合物形成。至少一种第三化合物中的Co的量可以为大于0至约20重量％。还公开了提供固结材料的方法和包括这种固结材料的制品。

2. 发明授权

US06458279B1 Fuel filter and production process 失效
标题翻译：燃油滤清器和生产过程
公开(公告)号：US06458279B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-01
申请号：US09120301
申请日：1998-07-22
申请人： Roger Duffield , Randall M. German , Teh Fu Yen , Ronald G. Iacocca
发明人： Roger Duffield , Randall M. German , Teh Fu Yen , Ronald G. Iacocca
IPC分类号： B01D1504
CPC分类号： F02M37/22 , Y10S29/902 , Y10T29/49604
摘要： A fuel filter having a formulation of a stable intermetallic compound of materials such as tin and antimony. The filter may have an integral porous structure or may be in the form of particles. It removes trace metal ions such as Ca and Na ions.
摘要翻译：一种燃料过滤器，其具有诸如锡和锑之类的材料的稳定的金属间化合物的配方。过滤器可以具有整体多孔结构或者可以是颗粒的形式。它去除痕量金属离子如Ca和Na离子。

3. 发明授权

US6030472A Method of manufacturing aluminide sheet by thermomechanical processing of aluminide powders 失效
公开(公告)号：US6030472A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-29
申请号：US985246
申请日：1997-12-04
申请人： Mohammad R. Hajaligol , Clive Scorey , Vinod K. Sikka , Seetharama C. Deevi , Grier Fleischhauer , A. Clifton Lilly, Jr. , Randall M. German
发明人： Mohammad R. Hajaligol , Clive Scorey , Vinod K. Sikka , Seetharama C. Deevi , Grier Fleischhauer , A. Clifton Lilly, Jr. , Randall M. German
IPC分类号： B22F1/02 , B22F3/12 , B22F3/18 , B22F5/00 , B22F9/08 , C21D8/02 , C22C1/04 , C22C33/02 , C22C38/00 , C22C38/34 , C21D8/00
CPC分类号： C22C33/0278 , B22F3/18 , B22F5/006 , B22F9/082 , C21D8/0205 , C22C1/0491 , B22F2003/248 , B22F2009/0824 , B22F2009/088 , B22F2998/10 , C21D8/0236 , C21D8/0273
摘要： A powder metallurgical process of preparing a sheet from a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as an iron, nickel or titanium aluminide. The sheet can be manufactured into electrical resistance heating elements having improved room temperature ductility, electrical resistivity, cyclic fatigue resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, low and high temperature strength, and/or resistance to high temperature sagging. The iron aluminide has an entirely ferritic microstructure which is free of austenite and can include, in weight %, 4 to 32% Al, and optional additions such as .ltoreq.1% Cr, .gtoreq.0.05% Zr.ltoreq.2% Ti, .ltoreq.2% Mo, .ltoreq.1% Ni, .ltoreq.0.75% C, .ltoreq.0.1% B, .ltoreq.1% submicron oxide particles and/or electrically insulating or electrically conductive covalent ceramic particles, .ltoreq.1% rare earth metal, and/or .ltoreq.3% Cu. The process includes forming a non-densified metal sheet by consolidating a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as by roll compaction, tape casting or plasma spraying, forming a cold rolled sheet by cold rolling the non-densified metal sheet so as to increase the density and reduce the thickness thereof and annealing the cold rolled sheet. The powder can be a water, polymer or gas atomized powder which is subjecting to sieving and/or blending with a binder prior to the consolidation step. After the consolidation step, the sheet can be partially sintered. The cold rolling and/or annealing steps can be repeated to achieve the desired sheet thickness and properties. The annealing can be carried out in a vacuum furnace with a vacuum or inert atmosphere. During final annealing, the cold rolled sheet recrystallizes to an average grain size of about 10 to 30 .mu.m. Final stress relief annealing can be carried out in the B2 phase temperature range.

4. 发明授权

US5330701A Process for making finely divided intermetallic 失效
标题翻译：精细分散金属间化合物的工艺
公开(公告)号：US5330701A
公开(公告)日：1994-07-19
申请号：US843605
申请日：1992-02-28
申请人： Karl G. Shaw , David E. Alman , Rene M. Cooper , Randall M. German , Kazuo P. McCoy
发明人： Karl G. Shaw , David E. Alman , Rene M. Cooper , Randall M. German , Kazuo P. McCoy
IPC分类号： B22F3/22 , C22C1/04 , B22F9/00
CPC分类号： B22F3/23 , C22C1/0491 , C22C26/00 , C22C32/0084 , B22F2003/248 , B22F2998/00 , B22F2998/10
摘要： A method is disclosed for controlling a self-propagating reaction in a particulate medium. The method comprises controlling the boundary heat flux of the reaction to produce reaction waves which travel through the particulate medium undergoing a self-propagating reaction. The method provides a product having a unitary, solid structure with layers of alternating density. Preferably the reaction is a reaction between two metals to produce an intermetallic compound or between a metal and a non-metal to produce a ceramic compound. Nickel aluminide is a preferred intermetallic compound. Also disclosed is a controlled reactive sintering process for producing a finely divided intermetallic compound comprising comminuting the layered body of intermetallic compound. Also disclosed are a process for preparing an abrasive surface composed of a nickel aluminide binder and an abrasive material, an injection molding composition for preparing shaped articles of nickel aluminide, and a process for injection molding shaped nickel aluminide articles of greater than 98% theoretical density.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于控制颗粒介质中的自蔓延反应的方法。该方法包括控制反应的边界热通量以产生穿过经历自蔓延反应的颗粒介质的反应波。该方法提供了具有交替密度层的单一，固体结构的产品。优选地，反应是两种金属之间的反应以产生金属间化合物或金属与非金属之间的反应以产生陶瓷化合物。镍铝化合物是优选的金属间化合物。还公开了一种用于生产精细分散的金属间化合物的受控反应烧结方法，其包括粉碎金属间化合物的层状体。还公开了一种制备由镍铝化合物粘合剂和研磨材料组成的研磨表面的方法，用于制备镍铝化合物的成型制品的注射成型组合物，以及注射成型的成型镍铝制品的方法，其具有大于理论密度的98％。

5. 发明申请

US20110030440A1 TOUGH COATED HARD PARTICLES CONSOLIDATED IN A TOUGH MATRIX MATERIAL 有权
标题翻译：在粗糙矩阵材料中合并的粗糙的涂层硬质颗粒
公开(公告)号：US20110030440A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-10
申请号：US12849711
申请日：2010-08-03
申请人： John M. Keane , Randall M. German
发明人： John M. Keane , Randall M. German
IPC分类号： B21C1/00
CPC分类号： C22C29/02 , B22F1/02 , B22F1/025 , C04B35/117 , C04B35/58021 , C04B35/62831 , C04B35/645 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3847 , C04B2235/3856 , C04B2235/3886 , C04B2235/96 , C22C26/00 , Y10T428/12014
摘要： Consolidated materials comprising a plurality of coated particles dispersed in a tough matrix material are disclosed. The coated particles include a plurality of core particles having an intermediate layer that substantially surrounds each of the core particles. An optional outer layer may be present on the intermediate layer. A matrix contains or substantially contains each of the coated particles, and is formed from at least one third compound including a mixture of W, WC, and/or W2C with Co. The amount of Co in the at least one third compound may range from greater than 0 to about 20 weight %. Methods for providing consolidated materials, and articles comprising such consolidated materials are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了包含分散在坚韧基体材料中的多个涂覆颗粒的固结材料。涂覆的颗粒包括具有基本上围绕每个核心颗粒的中间层的多个芯颗粒。可选的外层可以存在于中间层上。基质包含或基本上包含每个涂覆的颗粒，并且由包含W，WC和/或W2C与Co的混合物的至少一种第三化合物形成。至少一种第三化合物中的Co的量可以为大于0至约20重量％。还公开了提供固结材料的方法和包括这种固结材料的制品。

6. 发明授权

US06332936B1 Thermomechanical processing of plasma sprayed intermetallic sheets 有权
标题翻译：等离子喷涂金属间板的热机械加工
公开(公告)号：US06332936B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-25
申请号：US09399364
申请日：1999-09-20
申请人： Mohammad R. Hajaligol , Clive Scorey , Vinod K. Sikka , Seetharama C. Deevi , Grier Fleischhauer , A. Clifton Lilly, Jr. , Randall M. German
发明人： Mohammad R. Hajaligol , Clive Scorey , Vinod K. Sikka , Seetharama C. Deevi , Grier Fleischhauer , A. Clifton Lilly, Jr. , Randall M. German
IPC分类号： B22F500
CPC分类号： C22C33/0278 , B22F3/18 , B22F5/006 , B22F9/082 , B22F2003/248 , B22F2009/0824 , B22F2009/088 , B22F2998/10 , C21D8/0205 , C21D8/0236 , C21D8/0273 , C22C1/0491 , B22F3/115 , B22F3/16 , B22F3/24
摘要： A powder metallurgical process of preparing a sheet from a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as an iron, nickel or titanium aluminide. The sheet can be manufactured into electrical resistance heating elements having improved room temperature ductility, electrical resistivity, cyclic fatigue resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, low and high temperature strength, and/or resistance to high temperature sagging. The iron aluminide has an entirely ferritic microstructure which is free of austenite and can include, in weight %, 4 to 32% Al, and optional additions such as ≦1% Cr, ≧0.05% Zr ≦2% Ti, ≦2% Mo, ≦1% Ni, ≦0.75% C, ≦0.1% B, ≦1% submicron oxide particles and/or electrically insulating or electrically conductive covalent ceramic particles, ≦1% rare earth metal, and/or ≦3% Cu. The process includes forming a non-densified metal sheet by consolidating a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as by roll compaction, tape casting or plasma spraying, forming a cold rolled sheet by cold rolling the non-densified metal sheet so as to increase the density and reduce the thickness thereof and annealing the cold rolled sheet. The powder can be a water, polymer or gas atomized powder which is subjecting to sieving and/or blending with a binder prior to the consolidation step. After the consolidation step, the sheet can be partially sintered. The cold rolling and/or annealing steps can be repeated to achieve the desired sheet thickness and properties. The annealing can be carried out in a vacuum furnace with a vacuum or inert atmosphere. During final annealing, the cold rolled sheet recrystallizes to an average grain size of about 10 to 30 &mgr;m. Final stress relief annealing can be carried out in the B2 phase temperature range.
摘要翻译：从具有金属间合金组成如粉末铁，镍或钛铝化物的粉末制备片材的粉末冶金方法。可以将片材制造成具有改善的室温延展性，电阻率，耐循环疲劳性，耐高温氧化性，低和高温强度和/或耐高温下垂的电阻加热元件。铁铝化物具有完全不含奥氏体的铁素体组织，并且可以以重量％计含有4至32％的Al和任选的添加物，例如<= 1％Cr，> = 0.05％Zr <= 2％Ti， = 2％Mo，<= 1％Ni，≤= 0.75％C，<= 0.1％B，≤1％亚微米级氧化物颗粒和/或电绝缘或导电共价陶瓷颗粒，≤1％稀土金属，和/或<= 3％Cu。该方法包括通过将具有金属间化合物组合物的粉末如通过辊压，带铸或等离子体喷涂固结形成非致密金属片，通过冷轧非致密金属片形成冷轧板，以增加密度并减小其厚度并退火冷轧板。粉末可以是在固结步骤之前与粘合剂进行筛分和/或共混的水，聚合物或气体雾化粉末。在固结步骤之后，片材可以部分烧结。可以重复冷轧和/或退火步骤以实现所需的板厚度和性能。退火可以在真空或惰性气氛的真空炉中进行。在最终退火期间，冷轧板再结晶至平均粒径约为10〜30μm。最终的应力消除退火可以在B2相温度范围内进行。

7. 发明授权

US06293987B1 Polymer quenched prealloyed metal powder 有权
标题翻译：聚合物淬火预合金金属粉末
公开(公告)号：US06293987B1
公开(公告)日：2001-09-25
申请号：US09455516
申请日：1999-12-07
申请人： Mohammad R. Hajaligol , Grier Fleischhauer , Randall M. German
发明人： Mohammad R. Hajaligol , Grier Fleischhauer , Randall M. German
IPC分类号： B22F910
CPC分类号： C22C33/0278 , B22F3/18 , B22F5/006 , B22F9/082 , B22F2003/248 , B22F2009/0824 , B22F2009/088 , B22F2998/10 , C21D8/0205 , C21D8/0236 , C21D8/0273 , C22C1/0491 , B22F3/115 , B22F3/16 , B22F3/24
摘要： A powder metallurgical process of preparing a sheet from a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as an iron, nickel or titanium aluminide. The sheet can be manufactured into electrical resistance heating elements having improved room temperature ductility, electrical resistivity, cyclic fatigue resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, low and high temperature strength, and/or resistance to high temperature sagging. The iron aluminide has an entirely ferritic microstructure which is free of austenite and can include, in weight %, 4 to 32% Al, and optional additions such as ≦1% Cr, ≧0.05% Zr ≦2% Ti, ≦2% Mo, ≦1% Ni, ≦0.75% C, ≦0.1% B, ≦1% submicron oxide particles and/or electrically insulating or electrically conductive covalent ceramic particles, ≦1% rare earth metal, and/or ≦3 % Cu. The process includes forming a non-densified metal sheet by consolidating a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as by roll compaction, tape casting or plasma spraying, forming a cold rolled sheet by cold rolling the non-densified metal sheet so as to increase the density and reduce the thickness thereof and annealing the cold rolled sheet. The powder can be a water, polymer or gas atomized powder which is subjecting to sieving and/or blending with a binder prior to the consolidation step. After the consolidation step, the sheet can be partially sintered. The cold rolling and/or annealing steps can be repeated to achieve the desired sheet thickness and properties. The annealing can be carried out in a vacuum furnace with a vacuum or inert atmosphere. During final annealing, the cold rolled sheet recrystallizes to an average grain size of about 10 to 30 &mgr;m. Final stress relief annealing can be carried out in the B2 phase temperature range.
摘要翻译：从具有金属间合金组成如粉末铁，镍或钛铝化物的粉末制备片材的粉末冶金方法。可以将片材制造成具有改善的室温延展性，电阻率，耐循环疲劳性，耐高温氧化性，低和高温强度和/或耐高温下垂的电阻加热元件。铁铝化物具有完全不含奥氏体的铁素体组织，并且可以以重量％计含有4至32％的Al和任选的添加物，例如<= 1％Cr，> = 0.05％Zr <= 2％Ti， = 2％Mo，<= 1％Ni，≤= 0.75％C，<= 0.1％B，≤1％亚微米级氧化物颗粒和/或电绝缘或导电共价陶瓷颗粒，≤1％稀土金属，和/或<= 3％Cu。该方法包括通过将具有金属间化合物组合物的粉末如通过辊压，带铸或等离子体喷涂固结形成非致密金属片，通过冷轧非致密金属片形成冷轧板，以增加密度并减小其厚度并退火冷轧板。粉末可以是在固结步骤之前与粘合剂进行筛分和/或共混的水，聚合物或气体雾化粉末。在固结步骤之后，片材可以部分烧结。可以重复冷轧和/或退火步骤以实现所需的板厚度和性能。退火可以在真空或惰性气氛的真空炉中进行。在最终退火期间，冷轧板再结晶至平均粒径约为10〜30μm。最终的应力消除退火可以在B2相温度范围内进行。

8. 发明授权

US5334341A Process for controlling carbon content of injection molding steels during debinding 失效
标题翻译：脱胶过程中控制注塑钢的碳含量
公开(公告)号：US5334341A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-02
申请号：US888600
申请日：1992-05-27
申请人： Eric Streicher , Randall M. German
发明人： Eric Streicher , Randall M. German
IPC分类号： B22F3/10 , B22F3/22 , B22F1/00
CPC分类号： B22F3/225 , B22F3/101 , B22F3/1021 , B22F2998/00
摘要： A process for controlling the carbon content in a metallic piece molded by injection or other process comprising,a) heating the shaped piece under a 100% hydrogen atmosphere up to about 200.degree. C.,b) replacing the 100% H.sub.2 atmosphere by a substantially 100% nitrogen atmosphere and heating the pieces from 200.degree. C. to 450.degree. C.,c) maintaining the temperature in the enclosure at substantially 450.degree. C. while subjecting the pieces to an atmosphere comprising from 15% to 100% vol. hydrogen, the complement being nitrogen, thend) replacing the atmosphere by a substantially 100% nitrogen ande) heating the pieces from 450.degree. C. to substantially 700.degree. C. in order to further eliminate the remaining binder.
摘要翻译：一种用于控制通过注射或其它方法成型的金属片中的碳含量的方法，包括：a）在100％氢气气氛下加热所述成形件直至约200℃，b）将基本上 100％的氮气氛下，并将该片从200℃加热至450℃，c）将外壳中的温度保持在450℃左右，同时将片材置于包含15％至100％体积的气氛中。氢气，补体为氮气，然后d）用大致100％的氮气代替气氛，e）将该片段从450℃加热至约700℃，以进一步消除剩余的粘合剂。

9. 发明授权

US4762558A Production of reactive sintered nickel aluminide material 失效
标题翻译：反应性烧结镍铝化合物的生产
公开(公告)号：US4762558A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-09
申请号：US50914
申请日：1987-05-15
申请人： Randall M. German , Animesh Bose , David Sims
发明人： Randall M. German , Animesh Bose , David Sims
IPC分类号： B22F3/23 , C22C1/04 , B22F3/00
CPC分类号： C22C1/0433 , B22F3/23
摘要： Reactive sintering process for producing a shaped body containing the nickel aluminide compound Ni.sub.3 Al, which comprises sintering a compacted shaped mass containing an intimate mixture of substances, e.g. including elemental nickel powder and elemental aluminum powder in a stoichiometric atomic ratio generally corresponding to the compound Ni.sub.3 Al, by heating the mass, e.g. in a vacuum, to an elevated sintering temperature, e.g. 500-750.degree. C., sufficiently to initiate an exothermic reaction, and at a heating rate sufficiently for consequent progressive generation of a transient liquid below the melting point of the aluminum powder and at the corresponding eutectic temperature, and upon initiation of the exothermic reaction continuing the sintering sufficiently to form a densified shaped body containing the nickel aluminide compound Ni.sub.3 Al, and having a porosity of at most about 8%, or alternatively having an essentially fully densified structure where the heating is carried out under simultaneously applied mechanical pressure for hot isostatic compaction of the compacted shaped mass.
摘要翻译：用于生产含有镍铝化合物Ni3Al的成形体的反应性烧结方法，其包括烧结含有物质的紧密混合物的压实成形物质，例如，包括通常对应于化合物Ni3Al的化学计量原子比的元素镍粉和元素铝粉，通过加热该质量，例如在真空中，升高的烧结温度，例如 500-750℃，足以引发放热反应，并以足够的加热速率逐渐产生低于铝粉熔点并在相应共晶温度下的瞬时液体，并且在引发放热反应继续充分烧结以形成包含镍铝化合物Ni3Al的致密成形体，并且具有至多约8％的孔隙率，或者具有基本上完全致密化的结构，其中在同时施加的机械压力下进行热等静压压实成型块的压实。

10. 发明授权

US06660109B2 Method of manufacturing aluminide sheet by thermomechanical processing of aluminide powders 失效
标题翻译：通过铝化物粉末的热机械加工制造铝化物片的方法
公开(公告)号：US06660109B2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-09
申请号：US09984871
申请日：2001-10-31
申请人： Mohammad R. Hajaligol , Clive Scorey , Vinod K. Sikka , Seetharama C. Deevi , Grier Fleishhauer , A. Clifton Lilly, Jr. , Randall M. German
发明人： Mohammad R. Hajaligol , Clive Scorey , Vinod K. Sikka , Seetharama C. Deevi , Grier Fleishhauer , A. Clifton Lilly, Jr. , Randall M. German
IPC分类号： C21D800
CPC分类号： C22C33/0278 , B22F3/18 , B22F5/006 , B22F9/082 , B22F2003/248 , B22F2009/0824 , B22F2009/088 , B22F2998/10 , C21D8/0205 , C21D8/0236 , C21D8/0273 , C22C1/0491 , B22F3/115 , B22F3/16 , B22F3/24
摘要： A powder metallurgical process of preparing a sheet from a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as an iron, nickel or titanium aluminide. The sheet can be manufactured into electrical resistance heating elements having improved room temperature ductility, electrical resistivity, cyclic fatigue resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, low and high temperature strength, and/or resistance to high temperature sagging. The iron aluminide has an entirely ferritic microstructure which is free of austenite and can include, in weight %, 4 to 32% Al, and optional additions such as ≦1% Cr, ≧0.05% Zr ≦2% Ti, ≦2% Mo, ≦1% Ni, ≦0.75% C, ≦0.1% B, ≦1% submicron oxide particles and/or electrically insulating or electrically conductive covalent ceramic particles, ≦1% rare earth metal, and/or ≦3% Cu. The process includes forming a non-densified metal sheet by consolidating a powder having an intermetallic alloy composition such as by roll compaction, tape casting or plasma spraying, forming a cold rolled sheet by cold rolling the non-densified metal sheet so as to increase the density and reduce the thickness thereof and annealing the cold rolled sheet. The powder can be a water, polymer or gas atomized powder which is subjecting to sieving and/or blending with a binder prior to the consolidation step. After the consolidation step, the sheet can be partially sintered. The cold rolling and/or annealing steps can be repeated to achieve the desired sheet thickness and properties. The annealing can be carried out in a vacuum furnace with a vacuum or inert atmosphere. During final annealing, the cold rolled sheet recrystallizes to an average grain size of about 10 to 30 &mgr;m. Final stress relief annealing can be carried out in the B2 phase temperature range.
摘要翻译：从具有金属间合金组成如粉末铁，镍或钛铝化物的粉末制备片材的粉末冶金方法。可以将片材制造成具有改善的室温延展性，电阻率，耐循环疲劳性，耐高温氧化性，低和高温强度和/或耐高温下垂的电阻加热元件。铁铝化物具有完全不含奥氏体的铁素体组织，并且可以以重量％计含有4至32％的Al和任选的添加物，例如<= 1％Cr，> = 0.05％Zr <= 2％Ti， = 2％Mo，<= 1％Ni，≤= 0.75％C，<= 0.1％B，≤1％亚微米级氧化物颗粒和/或电绝缘或导电共价陶瓷颗粒，≤1％稀土金属，和/或<= 3％Cu。该方法包括通过将具有金属间化合物组合物的粉末如通过辊压，带铸或等离子体喷涂固结形成非致密金属片，通过冷轧非致密金属片形成冷轧板，以增加密度并减小其厚度并退火冷轧板。粉末可以是在固结步骤之前与粘合剂进行筛分和/或共混的水，聚合物或气体雾化粉末。在固结步骤之后，片材可以部分烧结。可以重复冷轧和/或退火步骤以实现所需的板厚度和性能。退火可以在真空或惰性气氛的真空炉中进行。在最终退火期间，冷轧板再结晶至平均粒径约为10〜30μm。最终的应力消除退火可以在B2相温度范围内进行。

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