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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Production of hydrogen fluoride and calcium sulfate
    • 生产氟化氢和硫酸钙
    • US4010245A
    • 1977-03-01
    • US596050
    • 1975-07-15
    • Bernhard SpreckelmeyerHans GuthWerner SchabacherHermann Rohe
    • Bernhard SpreckelmeyerHans GuthWerner SchabacherHermann Rohe
    • C01B7/19C01F11/46C01B7/22
    • C01B7/192C01F11/46
    • In the production of hydrofluoric acid and calcium sulfate by subjecting sulfuric acid and fluorspar to a partial preliminary reaction in a preliminary reaction zone and the reaction is completed in an after-reaction zone at a temperature from about 100.degree. to 500.degree. C, the improvement which comprises effecting the preliminary reaction by circulating preliminary reaction product through said preliminary reaction zone, adding to the circulating preliminary reaction product at spaced locations in the preliminary reaction zone sulfuric acid preheated to a temperature of about 80.degree. to 200.degree. C and fluorspar preheated to a temperature of about 400.degree. to 800.degree. C, removing from said preliminary reaction zone gaseous hydrofluoric acid and a substantially dry mixture of calcium sulfate, unreacted sulfuric acid and fluorspar, and passing said dry mixture of calcium sulfate, unreacted sulfuric acid and fluorspar to said after-reaction zone. Only some of the necessary sulfuric acid may be supplied to the preliminary reaction zone and the balance supplied to the after-reaction zone. Heating of the preliminary reaction zone can be external or materials can be added which will react exothermically, e.g. SO.sub.3 to react with water in the system, CaO to react with sulfuric acid. A suitable apparatus is provided, comprising two parallel troughs connected at their ends by overflows and with oppositely rotating screws to circulate the contents. Means are provided for introducing reactants at spaced locations and for removing a mixture of product plus unreacted starting materials.
    • 在通过在预反应区中进行硫酸和氟化物部分预反应的氢氟酸和硫酸钙的生产中,反应区域在约100-500℃的温度下在反应后区域完成, 其包括通过使预反应产物循环通过所述预反应区进行预反应,将预反应区中的间隔位置加入到循环的预反应产物中,硫酸预热至约80℃至200℃的温度,并将氟石预热至 约400-800℃的温度,从所述预反应区除去气态氢氟酸和基本上干燥的硫酸钙,未反应的硫酸和氟石的混合物,并将硫酸钙,未反应的硫酸和氟石的干混合物通入 说后反应区。 可以仅将一些必需的硫酸供应到预反应区,并将余量供给到反应后区。 预反应区的加热可以是外部的,或者可以添加可以放热反应的材料,例如 SO3与体系中的水反应,CaO与硫酸反应。 提供了一种合适的装置,包括两个平行的槽,它们的端部通过溢流和相对旋转的螺钉连接,以使内容物循环。 提供了用于在间隔位置引入反应物并用于除去产物混合物加未反应的起始材料的方法。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Apparatus for aerobic treatment of activated sludge
    • 活性污泥需氧处理装置
    • US4096065A
    • 1978-06-20
    • US742313
    • 1976-11-15
    • Werner BruchHans GuthHelmut Kuhn
    • Werner BruchHans GuthHelmut Kuhn
    • B03D1/14C02F3/12C02F3/26B01D19/00
    • C02F3/12C02F3/26Y02W10/15
    • In an apparatus for the gasification of a biomass in an aqueous medium in the presence of organic substances degradable by the biomass, comprising a gasification tank, and a clearing chamber for the gasified water-containing biomass provided concentrically around the gasification tank, the gasification tank communicating with the clearing chamber through an inlet in the latter, the improvement whereinA. the gasification tank is from about 10 to 32 meters high, has a height/diameter ratio between approximately 40 and 0.2, is provided adjacent its floor with gas inlet points, and is connected via inlet pipes to at least one gas removal and flocculation cyclone;B. the same liquid level in all the clearing chambers is maintained by means of an overflow channel at about 0.1 to 2 meters below the liquid level of the gasification tank; andC. a sludge removal pipe connects each clearing chamber with a collector pipe.Advantageously the clearing chamber is funnel shaped.
    • 在用于生物质降解的有机物质存在下,在含水介质中气化生物质的装置,包括气化罐和用于气化水的生物质的清灰室,所述气化的含水生物质设置在气化罐周围,所述气化罐 通过后者的入口与清灰室连通,其改进之处在于:A.气化罐的高度约为10至32米,高于40和0.2之间的高度/直径比,它们与气体入口点相邻。 ,并通过入口管道连接到至少一个气体去除和絮凝循环; B.所有清洁舱中的相同液位由燃油通道的液面维持在0.1至2米以下的流量通道上; 和C.一个排污管连接每个清洁室与收集管。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Single stage process for continuous introduction of oxygen-containing
gases into effluent containing activated sludge
    • 将含氧气体连续引入含活性污泥的废水中的单阶段方法
    • US4166790A
    • 1979-09-04
    • US790108
    • 1977-04-22
    • Marko ZlokarnikHans GuthTheo Mann
    • Marko ZlokarnikHans GuthTheo Mann
    • B01F3/04B01F3/08B01F5/02B01F5/04C02F3/12C02F3/26F04F5/46C02C1/12
    • C02F3/1294B01F3/0876B01F5/0212B01F5/0413B01F5/0428C02F3/26F04F5/46B01F2003/04879B01F2005/0446B01F3/04099Y02W10/15
    • A process and apparatus for the continuous introduction of air or oxygen-containing gases into an effluent containing activated sludge, the oxygen-containing gas largely being consumed by the effluent containing activated sludge in a single absorption stage, comprising introducing through a plurality of gas inlets an oxygen-containing gas into an effluent containing activated sludge which is in a basin under its own hydrostatic pressure of at least about 0.9 bar, the gas pressure of the gas introduced being about 0.01 to 0.5 bar above the hydrostatic pressure prevailing at the gas inlet, each gas inlet having a gas-swept cross-sectional area of at least about 0.01 m.sup.2 which is loaded by at least about 100 effective cubic meters of gas per square meter of cross-sectional area per hour, and the individual gas inlets being separated by a distance of at least about 0.5 meter, as measured from the middle point of a gas inlet. The gas inlets may be nozzles, ejectors or apertured plates preferably spaced equidistantly from one another and each may be supplied with propulsion liquid comprising effluent containing activated sludge. Preferred ranges from the various parameters depend upon whether the gas introduced contains more or less than 50% by volume of oxygen. Special gas injectors are also provided.
    • 一种用于将空气或含氧气体连续引入含有活性污泥的流出物的方法和装置,所述含氧气体在单一吸收阶段主要被含有活性污泥的流出物消耗,包括通过多个气体入口 将含氧气体输送到含有活性污泥的流出物中,活性污泥在其本身的至少约0.9巴的静水压力下处于盆中,所引入的气体的气体压力高于气体入口处的静水压力约0.01至0.5巴 每个气体入口具有至少约0.01m 2的气体扫掠横截面积,其每小时每平方米横截面面积加载至少约100个有效立方米的气体,并且各个气体入口被分离 从气体入口的中点测量至少约0.5米的距离。 气体入口可以是优选彼此间隔等距离地分开的喷嘴,喷射器或多孔板,并且每个可以供应包括含有活性污泥的流出物的推进液。 来自各种参数的优选范围取决于引入的气体是否含有多于或少于50体积%的氧。 还提供特殊气体喷射器。