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41. 发明授权

US06447752B2 Amorphous porous particles for deep lung delivery 有权
标题翻译：用于深肺输送的无定形多孔颗粒
公开(公告)号：US06447752B2
公开(公告)日：2002-09-10
申请号：US09888781
申请日：2001-06-25
申请人： David A. Edwards , Giovanni Caponetti , Jeffrey S. Hrkach , Noah Lotan , Justin Hanes , Robert S. Langer , Abdellaziz Ben-Jebria
发明人： David A. Edwards , Giovanni Caponetti , Jeffrey S. Hrkach , Noah Lotan , Justin Hanes , Robert S. Langer , Abdellaziz Ben-Jebria
IPC分类号： A61K912
CPC分类号： A61K9/0075 , A61K9/1647 , A61K31/137 , Y10S514/826 , Y10S514/851
摘要： Improved porous particles for drug delivery to the pulmonary system, and methods for their synthesis and administration are provided. In a preferred embodiment, the porous particles are made of a biodegradable material and have a mass density less than 0.4 g/cm3/. The particles may be formed of biodegradable materials such as biodegradable polymers. For example, the particles may be formed of a functionalized polyester graft copolymer consisting of a linear &agr;-hydroxy-acid polyester backbone having at least one amino acid group incorporated therein and at least one poly(amino acid) side chain extending from an amino acid group in the polyester backbone. In one embodiment, porous particles having a relatively large mean diameter, for example greater than 5 &mgr;m, can be used for enhanced delivery of a therapeutic agent to the alveolar region of the lung. The porous particles incorporating a therapeutic agent may be effectively aerosolized for administration to the respiratory tract to permit systemic or local delivery of wide variety of therapeutic agents.
摘要翻译：提供用于向肺系统递送药物的改进的多孔颗粒，以及用于其合成和给药的方法。在优选的实施方案中，多孔颗粒由可生物降解的材料制成，其质量密度小于0.4g / cm 3 /。颗粒可以由可生物降解的材料如可生物降解的聚合物形成。例如，颗粒可以由官能化聚酯接枝共聚物形成，该聚酯接枝共聚物由具有至少一个氨基酸基团的直链α-羟基酸聚酯主链和至少一个从氨基酸延伸的聚（氨基酸）侧链组成集团在聚酯骨干。在一个实施方案中，具有相对大的平均直径，例如大于5um的多孔颗粒可用于增强治疗剂递送至肺的肺泡区域。掺入治疗剂的多孔颗粒可以有效地雾化，用于给予呼吸道以允许全身或局部递送多种治疗剂。

42. 发明授权

US06311290B1 Methods of reliably allocating, de-allocating, re-allocating, and reclaiming objects in a symmetrically blocked nonvolatile memory having a bifurcated storage architecture 失效
标题翻译：在具有分叉存储架构的对称封锁非易失性存储器中可靠地分配，分配，重新分配和回收对象的方法
公开(公告)号：US06311290B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-30
申请号：US09055032
申请日：1998-04-03
申请人： Robert N. Hasbun , David A. Edwards , Andrew H. Gafken , Christopher J. Spiegel
发明人： Robert N. Hasbun , David A. Edwards , Andrew H. Gafken , Christopher J. Spiegel
IPC分类号： H02H305
CPC分类号： G06F12/0246 , G06F11/0793 , G06F2212/7205 , Y10S707/99953
摘要： Methods of reliably allocating, writing, reading, de-allocating, re-allocating, and reclaiming space within a nonvolatile memory having a bifurcated storage architecture are described. Allocation, writing, reading, de-allocating, re-allocating, and reclamation are handled by a memory manager. The memory manager tracks the progress of each process during execution in order to detect whether a selected process was interrupted for purposes of recovery. The nonvolatile memory is recovered to a known state during initialization. Initialization includes the step of determining a recovery state from a recovery state lookup table. A selected recovery process is selected in accordance with the recovery state lookup table. A restart level for the selected process is determined from a corresponding restart state lookup table. The selected process is then restarted at the restart level. In one embodiment, a method of managing a nonvolatile memory includes the step of identifying an interrupted process from at least one of an allocation, a reclamation, a configuration header reclaim, and a re-allocation process initiated on the nonvolatile memory. A recovery process is selected for the interrupted process. An entry point into the recovery process is determined. The selected recovery process is then restarted at the entry point.
摘要翻译：描述了在具有分叉存储结构的非易失性存储器内可靠地分配，写入，读取，分配，重新分配和回收空间的方法。分配，写入，读取，取消分配，重新分配和回收由内存管理员处理。内存管理器在执行期间跟踪每个进程的进度，以便检测所选进程是否为了恢复目的而中断。在初始化期间，非易失性存储器恢复到已知状态。初始化包括从恢复状态查找表确定恢复状态的步骤。根据恢复状态查找表选择选择的恢复过程。从相应的重新启动状态查找表确定所选进程的重新启动级别。然后在重新启动级别重新启动所选进程。在一个实施例中，管理非易失性存储器的方法包括从在非易失性存储器上发起的分配，回收，配置报头回收和重新分配过程中的至少一个识别中断的进程的步骤。为中断的进程选择恢复过程。确定恢复过程的入口点。然后在入口点重新启动所选的恢复过程。

43. 发明授权

US06243789B1 Method and apparatus for executing a program stored in nonvolatile memory 失效
标题翻译：用于执行存储在非易失性存储器中的程序的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06243789B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-05
申请号：US09028159
申请日：1998-02-23
申请人： Robert N. Hasbun , David A. Edwards
发明人： Robert N. Hasbun , David A. Edwards
IPC分类号： G06F1208
CPC分类号： G06F9/3812 , G06F12/0292 , G06F12/0638 , G06F2212/2022
摘要： A method of executing a program includes the step of initiating execution of the program stored contiguously without code fragmentation in a nonvolatile memory. Execution of the program is halted if the program attempts to modify a page of the nonvolatile memory. The page of nonvolatile memory is then copied to a modifiable memory. The page of nonvolatile memory is then remapped to the modifiable memory. Execution of the program is then resumed. A computer system for execution of a program includes a nonvolatile memory storing a program contiguously without code fragmentation. The computer system includes a processor for executing the program. A memory management unit generates an interrupt in response to a request to modify a page of the nonvolatile memory. Execution of the program is halted and the processor copies the page of nonvolatile memory to a modifiable memory in response to the interrupt. The processor resumes execution of the program after updating an address translation table of the memory management unit to refer to the modifiable memory for subsequent program access requests to the page of nonvolatile memory.
摘要翻译：执行程序的方法包括在非易失性存储器中开始执行连续存储的程序而没有代码碎片的步骤。如果程序尝试修改非易失性存储器的页面，程序的执行将停止。然后将非易失性存储器的页面复制到可修改的存储器。然后将非易失性存储器的页面重新映射到可修改的存储器。然后，程序的执行恢复。用于执行程序的计算机系统包括非易失性存储器，其连续地存储程序而没有代码分段。计算机系统包括用于执行程序的处理器。存储器管理单元响应于修改非易失性存储器的页面的请求而产生中断。停止执行程序，并且处理器将非易失性存储器的页面复制到可修改的存储器以响应中断。在更新存储器管理单元的地址转换表之后，处理器恢复执行该程序，以引用可修改的存储器，以便随后的程序访问请求到非易失性存储器的页面。

44. 发明授权

US6136295A Aerodynamically light particles for pulmonary drug delivery 有权
标题翻译：用于肺部药物递送的空气动力学轻微颗粒
公开(公告)号：US6136295A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-24
申请号：US211940
申请日：1998-12-15
申请人： David A. Edwards , Giovanni Caponetti , Jeffrey S. Hrkach , Noah Lotan , Justin Hanes , Abdell Aziz Ben-Jebria , Robert S. Langer
发明人： David A. Edwards , Giovanni Caponetti , Jeffrey S. Hrkach , Noah Lotan , Justin Hanes , Abdell Aziz Ben-Jebria , Robert S. Langer
IPC分类号： A61K9/12 , A61K9/00 , A61K9/14 , A61K9/16 , A61K9/72 , A61K31/137 , A61K47/32 , A61L9/04 , A61F2/00
CPC分类号： A61K9/0075 , A61K31/137 , A61K9/1647
摘要： Improved aerodynamically light particles for drug delivery to the pulmonary system, and methods for their synthesis and administration are provided. In a preferred embodiment, the aerodynamically light particles are made of a biodegradable material and have a tap density less than 0.4 g/cm.sup.3 and a mass mean diameter between 5 .mu.m and 30 .mu.m. The particles may be formed of biodegradable materials such as biodegradable polymers. For example, the particles may be formed of a functionalized polyester graft copolymer consisting of a linear .alpha.-hydroxy-acid polyester backbone having at least one amino acid group incorporated therein and at least one poly(amino acid) side chain extending from an amino acid group in the polyester backbone. In one embodiment, aerodynamically light particles having a large mean diameter, for example greater than 5 .mu.m, can be used for enhanced delivery of a therapeutic agent to the alveolar region of the lung. The aerodynamically light particles incorporating a therapeutic agent may be effectively aerosolized for administration to the respiratory tract to permit systemic or local delivery of wide variety of therapeutic agents.
摘要翻译：提供用于向肺系统输送药物的空气动力学轻微颗粒，以及用于其合成和给药的方法。在优选的实施方案中，空气动力学轻微颗粒由可生物降解的材料制成，并且具有小于0.4g / cm 3的振实密度和5μm-30μm之间的质量平均直径。颗粒可以由可生物降解的材料如可生物降解的聚合物形成。例如，颗粒可以由官能化的聚酯接枝共聚物形成，该聚酯接枝共聚物由具有至少一个氨基酸基团的直链α-羟基酸聚酯主链和至少一个从氨基酸延伸的聚（氨基酸）侧链组成集团在聚酯骨干。在一个实施方案中，具有大平均直径（例如大于5μm）的空气动力学轻的颗粒可用于增强治疗剂递送至肺的肺泡区域。掺入治疗剂的空气动力学轻微颗粒可以被有效地雾化，用于给予呼吸道以允许全身或局部递送多种治疗剂。

45. 发明授权

US5855913A Particles incorporating surfactants for pulmonary drug delivery 失效
标题翻译：含有肺部药物递送表面活性剂的颗粒
公开(公告)号：US5855913A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-05
申请号：US784421
申请日：1997-01-16
申请人： Justin Hanes , David A. Edwards , Carmen Evora , Robert Langer
发明人： Justin Hanes , David A. Edwards , Carmen Evora , Robert Langer
IPC分类号： A61K9/00 , A61K9/12 , A61K9/14 , A61K9/16 , A61K31/135 , A61K31/137 , A61K38/28 , A61K38/38 , A61K47/48
CPC分类号： A61K9/0075 , A61K31/135 , A61K31/137 , A61K38/28 , A61K38/38 , A61K9/1617 , A61K9/1623 , A61K9/1641 , A61K9/1647 , A61K9/1658
摘要： Aerodynamically light particles incorporating a surfactant on the surface thereof for drug delivery to the pulmonary system, and methods for their synthesis and administration are provided. In a preferred embodiment, the aerodynamically light particles are made of a biodegradable material and have a tap density less than 0.4 g/cm.sup.3 and a mass mean diameter between 5 .mu.m and 30 .mu.m. The particles may be formed of biodegradable materials such as biodegradable polymers. For example, the particles may be formed of poly(lactic acid) or poly(glycolic acid) or copolymers thereof. Alternatively, the particles may be formed solely of the drug or diagnostic agent and a surfactant. Surfactants can be incorporated on the particle surface for example by coating the particle after particle formation, or by incorporating the surfactant in the material forming the particle prior to formation of the particle. Exemplary surfactants include phosphoglycerides such as L-.alpha.-phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl. The aerodynamically light particles incorporating a therapeutic or diagnostic agent and a surfactant may be effectively aerosolized for administration to the respiratory tract to permit systemic or local delivery of wide a variety of therapeutic agents.
摘要翻译：提供了在其表面上并入表面活性剂用于向肺系统输送药物的空气动力学轻微颗粒，以及用于其合成和给药的方法。在优选的实施方案中，空气动力学轻微颗粒由可生物降解的材料制成，并且具有小于0.4g / cm 3的振实密度和5μm-30μm之间的质量平均直径。颗粒可以由可生物降解的材料如可生物降解的聚合物形成。例如，颗粒可以由聚（乳酸）或聚（乙醇酸）或其共聚物形成。或者，颗粒可以仅由药物或诊断剂和表面活性剂形成。表面活性剂可以结合在颗粒表面上，例如通过在颗粒形成之后涂覆颗粒，或者通过在形成颗粒之前将表面活性剂并入形成颗粒的材料中。示例性的表面活性剂包括磷酸甘油酯如L-α-磷脂酰胆碱二棕榈酰基。包含治疗剂或诊断剂和表面活性剂的空气动力学轻微颗粒可以有效地雾化，用于给予呼吸道以允许全身或局部递送各种各样的治疗剂。

46. 发明授权

US5833388A Method for directing groundwater flow and treating groundwater in situ 失效
公开(公告)号：US5833388A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-10
申请号：US681701
申请日：1996-07-29
申请人： David A. Edwards , Vincent B. Dick
发明人： David A. Edwards , Vincent B. Dick
IPC分类号： B09C1/00 , B09C1/02 , B09C1/08 , B09C1/10 , B09B3/00 , E02D3/11
CPC分类号： B09C1/08 , B09C1/002 , B09C1/02 , B09C1/10 , B09C2101/00
摘要： The present invention relates to a method for treating groundwater in situ in rock or soil. An elongate permeable upgradient zone and an elongate permeable downgradient zone, each in hydraulic communication with a permeable subsurface treatment zone and having a major axis parallel to a non-zero component of the general flow direction, are provided in the subsurface by any of a number of construction methods. The upgradient zone, downgradient zone, and treatment zone are situated within the subsurface medium and have permeabilities substantially greater than the adjacent subsurface medium's permeability. Groundwater is allowed to move from the subsurface medium adjacent to the upgradient zone into the upgradient zone, where the groundwater refracts and moves to a treatment zone. After being treated in the treatment zone by an in situ treatment process, such as a process employing air sparging, sorption or reaction with zero-valent iron, the groundwater moves into, through, and out of the downgradient zone into the subsurface medium adjacent to the downgradient zone. The method does not require pumping. A method for directing groundwater around a particular location to prevent contamination of the groundwater by a contaminant located at the particular location, to prevent migration of a contaminant located at the particular location, to reduce the flow velocity of groundwater in the particular location, or to increase the residence time in an in situ treatment center located downgradient from the particular location is also disclosed.

47. 发明授权

US5344055A Bottle holder accessory for an inline rollerskate 失效
标题翻译：用于在线滚子的瓶架附件
公开(公告)号：US5344055A
公开(公告)日：1994-09-06
申请号：US105642
申请日：1993-08-12
申请人： David A. Edwards
发明人： David A. Edwards
IPC分类号： A43B5/16 , A63C11/00 , A63C17/00 , B60R7/00
CPC分类号： A63C17/26 , A43B5/16 , A63C17/0006 , A63C17/06 , Y10S224/926
摘要： A bottle holder accessory for an inline rollerskate includes a holder structure adapted to hold a water bottle and a support structure adapted to mount the holder structure to the inline rollerskate. The bottle holder structure has a lower portion adapted to receive the water bottle therein and an upper portion adapted to releasably secure the water bottle on the lower portion. The support structure has a bracket adapted to support the bottle holder structure in a cantilevered position rearwardly of the bracket and a pair of laterally-spaced attachment arms connected to the lower end of the bracket and extending generally forwardly therefrom. The attachment arms are adapted to extend along and be fastened to opposite sides of a mobile undercarriage of the inline rollerskate. Elongated slots are defined in the attachment arms to receive at least some of the opposite ends of the axles which rotatably mount the wheels of the undercarriage. Also, fasteners are used to secure the opposite ends of the axles extending outwardly through the slots to the attachment arms and thereby mount the bottle holder accessory to opposite ends of the axles.
摘要翻译：用于在线滚轮的瓶保持器附件包括适于保持水瓶的保持器结构和适于将保持器结构安装到在线滚子上的支撑结构。瓶架结构具有适于在其中容纳水瓶的下部，以及适于将水瓶可释放地固定在下部上的上部。支撑结构具有支架，其适于将瓶保持器结构支撑在支架后方的悬臂位置中，以及一对横向间隔的连接臂，其连接到支架的下端并从其大致向前延伸。连接臂适于沿直线滚轮的移动底盘的相对侧延伸并且被紧固。细长的狭槽被限定在连接臂中，以容纳可旋转地安装起落架的车轮的轴的至少一些相对的端部。此外，紧固件用于固定轴的相对端部，其通过狭槽向外延伸到连接臂，从而将瓶保持器附件安装到轴的相对端。

48. 发明授权

US09179691B2 Delivering aerosolizable food products 有权
标题翻译：提供可雾化的食品
公开(公告)号：US09179691B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-10
申请号：US12747703
申请日：2008-10-08
申请人： David A. Edwards , Jonathan Man , Jonathan Jacques Kamler , José Sanchez
发明人： David A. Edwards , Jonathan Man , Jonathan Jacques Kamler , José Sanchez
IPC分类号： A61M11/00 , A24F7/00 , A23G1/50 , A23G1/30
CPC分类号： A23G1/505 , A23G1/305 , A23G1/50 , A24F7/00 , A61M11/001 , A61M11/005
摘要： Aerosolized food products can be of sufficient size to deposit in the mouth without easily entering into the respiratory tract and of small enough size so as to allow for suspension in air. An apparatus incorporating an aerosol generating device and food products can allow for the aerosolization of the food products and the delivery thereof in a matter suitable for inhalation or deposition and subsequent ingestion. The food delivery apparatus represents a novel manner of delivering food to the mouths of humans and animals. Indeed, the apparatus of the invention is designed to produce, transport, and direct aerosolized food particles of sufficient size to deposit in the mouth without substantial exposure or entry into the respiratory tract and of small enough size so as to allow for suspension in air.
摘要翻译：气溶胶食品可以具有足够的尺寸以沉积在口中，而不会容易地进入呼吸道和足够小的尺寸，以便允许在空气中悬浮。包含烟雾发生装置和食品的装置可以允许食物的雾化和其在适于吸入或沉积和随后摄入的物质中的输送。食物输送装置代表向食物和动物口中传送食物的新颖方式。实际上，本发明的装置被设计成产生，运输和引导足够尺寸的雾化的食物颗粒，以便在口中沉积而不会大量暴露于或进入呼吸道并且具有足够小的尺寸以允许在空气中悬浮。

49. 发明授权

US08858917B2 Methods for limiting spread of pulmonary infections 有权
标题翻译：限制肺部感染传播的方法
公开(公告)号：US08858917B2
公开(公告)日：2014-10-14
申请号：US12351328
申请日：2009-01-09
申请人： David A. Edwards , Howard A. Stone
发明人： David A. Edwards , Howard A. Stone
IPC分类号： A61K9/00 , A61K31/685 , A61K9/14 , A61K31/74 , A61K31/355 , A61K31/715
CPC分类号： A61K9/0075 , A61K9/0078 , A61K31/355 , A61K31/685 , A61K31/715
摘要： Formulations have been developed for pulmonary delivery to treat or reduce the infectivity of diseases such as vital infections, especially tuberculosis, SARS, influenza and respiratory synticial virus in humans and hoof and mouth disease in animals. Formulations for pulmonary administration include a material that significantly alters physical properties such as surface tension and surface elasticity of lung mucus lining fluid, which may be a surfactant and, optionally, a carrier. The formulation may be administered as a powder where the particles consist basically of the material altering surface tension. The carrier may be a solution, such as an alcohol, although an aqueous solution may be utilized, or a material mixed with the material altering surface tension to form particles. These may include proteins such as albumin or polysaccharides such as dextran, which also has surface active properties, or polymers such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or biodegradable synthetic polymers which can be used to encapsulate or deliver the materials to be delivered. Drugs, especially antivirals or antibiotics, may optionally be included with the formulation. These may be administered with or incorporated into the formulation.
摘要翻译：已经开发了用于肺部输送以治疗或减少诸如人体中的重要感染，特别是结核病，SARS，流感和呼吸道合成病毒以及动物蹄和口蹄疫的疾病的感染性的制剂。用于肺部给药的制剂包括显着改变诸如表面活性剂和任选的载体的肺粘液衬里液体的表面张力和表面弹性的物理性质的材料。制剂可以粉末施用，其中颗粒基本上由改变表面张力的材料组成。载体可以是溶液，例如醇，尽管可以使用水溶液，或与材料混合的材料改变表面张力以形成颗粒。这些可以包括诸如白蛋白或多糖的蛋白质，例如还具有表面活性的葡聚糖，或聚合物如聚环氧乙烷（PEO）或可生物降解的合成聚合物，其可用于封装或递送待递送材料。药物，特别是抗病毒剂或抗生素，可以任选地包括在制剂中。这些可以与制剂一起施用或掺入制剂中。

50. 发明授权

US08707619B2 Biological air filter 失效
标题翻译：生物空气过滤器
公开(公告)号：US08707619B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-29
申请号：US12682353
申请日：2008-10-08
申请人： David A. Edwards , Mathieu Lehanneur
发明人： David A. Edwards , Mathieu Lehanneur
IPC分类号： A01G9/02
CPC分类号： A01G9/02 , A01G7/00 , B01D53/85 , B01D2257/2064 , B01D2257/502 , B01D2257/70 , B01D2257/7027 , B01D2259/4508 , F24F2003/1653 , F24F2006/005 , Y02A50/2359
摘要： A novel apparatus for the treatment, e.g., cleaning, humidifying, filtration and/or detoxifying, of ambient air incorporates a plant, soil, roots and a water reservoir to allow for effective filtration of air over an extended period of time. In particular, the device is designed with an air impeller system such that external “dirty” air is circulated within the device in the proximity of the plant, soil, roots and/or water reservoir, thereby removing impurities, toxins and other undesirable chemicals from the air. The apparatus and methods of the present invention are readily applicable to a number of applications where air treatment is desired, e.g., household use. Moreover, by incorporating a plant system, the apparatus serves not only a functional but an aesthetic purpose as well.
摘要翻译：用于治疗，例如清洁，加湿，过滤和/或解毒环境空气的新型装置包括植物，土壤，根部和水贮存器，以允许在长时间内有效地过滤空气。特别地，该装置设计有空气叶轮系统，使得外部“脏”空气在装置内在植物，土壤，根部和/或水储存器附近循环，从而从杂质，毒素和其他不期望的化学物质中除去空气。本发明的装置和方法可以容易地应用于需要空气处理的许多应用，例如家用。此外，通过结合植物系统，该装置不仅起到功能性的作用，而且起到美学的作用。

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