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21. 发明授权

US06226007B1 Method and apparatus for modeling specular reflection 有权
标题翻译：用于建模镜面反射的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06226007B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-01
申请号：US09316335
申请日：1999-05-21
申请人： Russell A. Brown
发明人： Russell A. Brown
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T15/506
摘要： A method and apparatus for modeling the specular reflection of light from an object is disclosed. In accordance with one embodiment of the method, a portion of the object is modeled by one or more surfaces each having at least one vertex and an edge point corresponding to an edge. A sine value associated with a highlight angle is determined at each vertex and edge point, and a control value is determined at each vertex and edge point using the sine values. A specular input component at each point on the surface is determined using the control values. The specular input component is utilized to determine the specular light component at that particular point. Embodiments of apparatus implementing the method are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于对来自物体的光的镜面反射进行建模的方法和装置。根据该方法的一个实施例，对象的一部分由一个或多个表面建模，每个表面具有至少一个顶点和与边缘对应的边缘点。在每个顶点和边缘点处确定与高光角度相关联的正弦值，并且使用正弦值在每个顶点和边缘点处确定控制值。使用控制值确定表面上每个点处的镜面输入分量。镜面输入分量用于确定该特定点的镜面光分量。还公开了实现该方法的装置的实施例。

22. 发明授权

US06219063B1 3D rendering 失效
标题翻译： 3D渲染
公开(公告)号：US06219063B1
公开(公告)日：2001-04-17
申请号：US09087128
申请日：1998-05-29
申请人： Jean-Yves Bouguet , Pietro Perona
发明人： Jean-Yves Bouguet , Pietro Perona
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T17/20
摘要： A technique for capturing the surface of three-dimensional (“3D”) objects using structured lighting. The movement of shadow across the 3D objects is optically recorded. Variation in brightness on the surface provides a cue for triangulation. By analyzing the variation in brightness of a particular point on the surface, the location of that point is determined based on the movement of the shadow. With known locations for a camera and a light source, the coordinates in space of the point is triangulated. By repeating this process, a collection of coordinates is created. Those coordinates are then used to reconstruct the 3D surface.
摘要翻译：使用结构化照明捕获三维（“3D”）物体的表面的技术。光学记录了3D对象的阴影移动。表面亮度的变化提供了三角测量的提示。通过分析表面上特定点的亮度变化，该点的位置基于阴影的移动来确定。对于相机和光源的已知位置，点的空间坐标被三角测量。通过重复此过程，创建坐标集合。那些坐标然后用于重建3D表面。

23. 发明授权

US06664963B1 System, method and computer program product for programmable shading using pixel shaders 有权
标题翻译：使用像素着色器的可编程阴影的系统，方法和计算机程序产品
公开(公告)号：US06664963B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-16
申请号：US09977522
申请日：2001-10-12
申请人： Harold Robert Feldman Zatz
发明人： Harold Robert Feldman Zatz
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T15/80 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/50 , G06T15/60
摘要： A system, method and computer program product are provided for performing shader calculations in a graphics pipeline. Initially, a shading calculation is performed in order to generate output. Thereafter, an additional shading calculation is carried out. Such additional shading calculation includes converting the output of the shading calculation into a floating point format. Further, a dot product is calculated utilizing the converted output and texture coordinates. The dot product is then clamped. Next, the clamped dot product is stored in a plurality of color components.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于在图形管线中执行着色器计算的系统，方法和计算机程序产品。最初，执行阴影计算以产生输出。此后，进行附加的阴影计算。这种附加阴影计算包括将阴影计算的输出转换为浮点格式。此外，使用转换的输出和纹理坐标来计算点积。然后将点产品夹紧。接下来，夹着的点积被存储在多个颜色分量中。

24. 发明授权

US06664962B1 Shadow mapping in a low cost graphics system 有权
标题翻译：阴影映射在低成本图形系统中
公开(公告)号：US06664962B1
公开(公告)日：2003-12-16
申请号：US09722421
申请日：2000-11-28
申请人： Matthew Komsthoeft , K. Michael Ockenden , Yoshitaka Yasumoto , Kazuki Hirose
发明人： Matthew Komsthoeft , K. Michael Ockenden , Yoshitaka Yasumoto , Kazuki Hirose
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T15/60 , G06T15/04
摘要： A graphics system including a custom graphics and audio processor produces exciting 2D and 3D graphics and surround sound. The system includes a graphics and audio processor including a 3D graphics pipeline and an audio digital signal processor. Full-scene shadow mapping can be performed by having the lighting hardware calculate distance using a distance attenuation function. If more precision is desirable, texture coordinate generating hardware can be used to calculate texture coordinates that index into a ramp texture lookup storing precision distance values. A unique ramp texture providing redundant values can be used to eliminate ramp texture lookup errors.
摘要翻译：包括定制图形和音频处理器的图形系统产生令人兴奋的2D和3D图形和环绕声。该系统包括包括3D图形流水线和音频数字信号处理器的图形和音频处理器。可以通过使照明硬件使用距离衰减功能计算距离来执行全场阴影映射。如果需要更多的精度，则可以使用纹理坐标生成硬件来计算纹理坐标，该纹理坐标索引到存储精确距离值的斜坡纹理查找中。可以使用提供冗余值的独特斜坡纹理来消除斜坡纹理查找错误。

25. 发明授权

US06654013B1 Apparatus for and method of enhancing shape perception with parametric texture maps 失效
标题翻译：用参数纹理图增强形状感知的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06654013B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US09527872
申请日：2000-03-17
申请人： Thomas Malzbender , Daniel George Gelb , Hans Juergen Wolters
发明人： Thomas Malzbender , Daniel George Gelb , Hans Juergen Wolters
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T15/506 , G06T15/50
摘要： A graphics system that enhances shape perception. The presently preferred embodiment of the system utilizes the mathematical machinery of parametric texture maps. In general, parametric texture maps allow the graphics system to render surface features of a 3D object in a manner that is direction dependent but without the time consuming and expensive calculations involved in the evaluation of lighting equations on a per pixel basis. A parametric texture map holds a set of parameters that define a surface structure in a manner in which the appearance of the surface structure varies in response to a direction vector. The direction vector may be any user-defined vector including a light source vector or a half-angle vector. The parameters are those of a predetermined equation, the evaluation of which does not involve vector calculations. The equation may take any form including a polynomial equation or a non-polynomial equation. The graphic system renders a polygon with the surface structure using the equation.
摘要翻译：增强形状感知的图形系统。系统的当前优选实施例利用参数纹理图的数学机械。通常，参数纹理贴图允许图形系统以取决于方向的方式渲染3D对象的表面特征，但是在每像素的基础上评估照明方程式时不需要费时和昂贵的计算。参数纹理图保存了一组参数，其以表面结构的外观响应于方向向量而变化的方式限定表面结构。方向矢量可以是包括光源矢量或半角矢量的任何用户定义的矢量。参数是预定方程的参数，其评估不涉及向量计算。该方程可以采取包括多项式方程或非多项式方程式的任何形式。图形系统使用公式表示具有表面结构的多边形。

26. 发明授权

US06639595B1 Achromatic lighting in a graphics system and method 有权
标题翻译：消色差照明在图形系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US06639595B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-28
申请号：US09726216
申请日：2000-11-28
申请人： Robert A. Drebin , Yoshitaka Yasumoto , Martin Hollis , Eric Demers
发明人： Robert A. Drebin , Yoshitaka Yasumoto , Martin Hollis , Eric Demers
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T15/506 , G06T15/02 , G06T15/04 , G06T15/50
摘要： A graphics system including a custom graphics and audio processor produces exciting 2D and 3D graphics and surround sound. The system includes a graphics and audio processor including a 3D graphics pipeline and an audio digital signal processor. Cartoon lighting and other non-photorealistic effects can be produced by using a lighting calculation to produce a parameter other than color or opacity for use in a later modification of a color or opacity value. In more detail, the example embodiment uses the lighting calculation to generate texture coordinates used in a texture mapping operation. The texture mapping operation allows lighting computation results to select between brush strokes for cartoon lighting and other effects. The resulting dynamic cartoon lighting animation can be performed on a low cost platform such as a home video game system or personal computer.
摘要翻译：包括定制图形和音频处理器的图形系统产生令人兴奋的2D和3D图形和环绕声。该系统包括包括3D图形流水线和音频数字信号处理器的图形和音频处理器。可以通过使用照明计算产生不同于颜色或不透明度的参数来产生卡通照明和其他非真实感效果，以用于稍后修改颜色或不透明度值。更详细地，示例性实施例使用照明计算来生成纹理映射操作中使用的纹理坐标。纹理映射操作允许照明计算结果在卡通照明的画笔笔画和其他效果之间进行选择。所产生的动态卡通照明动画可以在诸如家庭视频游戏系统或个人计算机的低成本平台上执行。

27. 发明授权

US06618050B1 Process for generating a computer image of a three-dimensional object provided with a special-effect coating 失效
标题翻译：用于产生具有特殊效果涂层的三维物体的计算机图像的处理
公开(公告)号：US06618050B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-09
申请号：US09722757
申请日：2000-11-27
申请人： Paul Rupieper , Christian Voye
发明人： Paul Rupieper , Christian Voye
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T15/50
摘要： A process for generating a computer image of a three-dimensional object provided with a special-effect coating, involves coating a test panel with the coating, taking a plurality of angle-dependent colorimetric measurements of the coating; storing the calorimetric data in a datafile with assignment of the corresponding angles; facetting the visible surfaces of a three-dimensional object by computer into a sufficient number of flat polygonal areas each being sufficiently small for the sufficiently accurate description of the surface topography; assigning the colorimetric data to each individual polygonal area by computer as a function of the position of an observer and at least one illumination source; and assembling the polygonal areas into a computer image of a three-dimensional object with a visually perceptible special-effect coating thereon.
摘要翻译：一种用于产生具有特殊效果涂层的三维物体的计算机图像的方法包括用涂层涂覆测试板，对涂层进行多个取决于角度的比色测量; 将量热数据存储在具有相应角度的分配的数据文件中; 通过计算机将三维物体的可见表面平面化成足够数量的平坦多边形区域，每个区域足够小以足以准确地描述表面形貌; 作为观察者和至少一个照明源的位置的函数，通过计算机将比色数据分配给每个单独的多边形区域; 并且将多边形区域组装成三维物体的计算机图像，其上具有视觉上可察觉的特殊效果涂层。

28. 发明授权

US06518970B1 Graphics processing device with integrated programmable synchronization signal generation 有权
标题翻译：具有集成可编程同步信号生成的图形处理装置
公开(公告)号：US06518970B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-11
申请号：US09553144
申请日：2000-04-20
申请人： David Glen , David Yeh
发明人： David Glen , David Yeh
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： H04N9/641 , G06F3/1431 , G09G5/02 , G09G5/12 , G09G5/395 , G09G2340/0407 , G09G2340/125 , H04N5/04 , H04N5/06
摘要： An integrated graphics processor provides a type of universal programmable synchronization signal generation that provides a plurality of different formats of display synchronization signals. In one embodiment, the integrated graphics processor includes a graphic and video blender that mixes image layers together prior to output for display. The graphics and video blender receives graphics and video data obtained from a frame buffer that may contain multiple formats of data, such as data in different color spaces, such as in a YUV color space (i.e., as per ITU-R BT709 or ITU-R BT 601), and in RGB color space. The integrated graphics processor also includes an integrated (internal or on-chip) programmable embedded synchronization signal generator operatively coupled to the graphic and video blender, to provide a plurality of different formats of display synchronization signals for blended information based on a type of display device. Accordingly, the integrated graphics processor can be programmed to provide suitable luma and chroma display information for different types of display devices, such as standard television displays, HDTV displays, and other displays that may require, for example, embedded synchronization signals, an embedded multilevel synchronization signal, or a separate synchronization signal.
摘要翻译：集成图形处理器提供了提供多种不同格式的显示同步信号的通用可编程同步信号生成类型。在一个实施例中，集成图形处理器包括图形和视频混合器，其在输出用于显示之前将图像层混合在一起。图形和视频混合器接收从可能包含多种格式的数据的帧缓冲器获得的图形和视频数据，例如在不同颜色空间中的数据，例如在YUV颜色空间（即，根据ITU-R BT709或ITU- R BT 601）和RGB色彩空间。集成图形处理器还包括可操作地耦合到图形和视频混合器的集成（内部或片上）可编程嵌入式同步信号发生器，以根据显示装置的类型为混合信息提供多种不同格式的显示同步信号。因此，集成图形处理器可以被编程为为不同类型的显示设备提供适当的亮度和色度显示信息，例如标准电视显示器，HDTV显示器和可能需要的其它显示器，例如嵌入式同步信号，嵌入式多层同步信号或单独的同步信号。

29. 发明授权

US06445393B1 Three-dimension graphics rendering apparatus and method therefor 有权
标题翻译：三维图形渲染装置及其方法
公开(公告)号：US06445393B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-03
申请号：US09310910
申请日：1999-05-13
申请人： Thomas Winters Fox , Barry L. Minor
发明人： Thomas Winters Fox , Barry L. Minor
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T15/506
摘要： An apparatus and method for three-dimensional graphic rendering are implemented. For each vertex on a surface of a graphic to be rendered, the scalar product of the unit normal to the surface and a half vector (the vector bisecting an angle between a unit vector in a direction of observation, the “eye” vector and a unit vector in a direction of a light source, the “light vector”), is generated outside of a graphics engine. Additionally, a second scalar product, between the unit normal and the unit vector in the direction of the light source is generated. These scalar products are loaded into two predetermined components of the unit normal, and sent to the graphics engine in lieu of the corresponding values of the components of the unit normal. In the graphics engine, components of the light vector and the half vector are assigned respective predetermined values, wherein the calculation of the two scalar products by the graphics engine produces the correct results.
摘要翻译：实现了三维图形呈现的装置和方法。对于要渲染的图形的表面上的每个顶点，与表面垂直的单位的标量积和半矢量（将观察方向上的单位向量之间的角度，“眼”）向量和在光源的方向上的单位矢量，“光矢量”）在图形引擎的外部产生。另外，产生在光源的方向上的单位法线与单位矢量之间的第二标量积。这些标量产品被加载到单位正常的两个预定组件中，并且发送到图形引擎以代替单元正常的组件的对应值。在图形引擎中，光矢量和半矢量的分量被分配相应的预定值，其中由图形引擎计算两个标量积产生正确的结果。

30. 发明授权

US06356264B1 Image processing device and image processing method 有权
标题翻译：图像处理装置及图像处理方法
公开(公告)号：US06356264B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-12
申请号：US09210398
申请日：1998-12-14
申请人： Keisuke Yasui , Jun Okubo
发明人： Keisuke Yasui , Jun Okubo
IPC分类号： G06T1560
CPC分类号： G06T15/60 , G06T15/405
摘要： According to the image processing method, when the number of shadow polygons existing between a depth position of pixels of ordinary polygons subject to shadowing and an infinite position is counted and that number is an odd number, those pixels are unconditionally judged to be positioned inside a region of shadow volume. Therefore, regions to undergo shadowing can be efficiently detected by judging whether the number is an odd number or an even number at all pixel positions.
摘要翻译：根据图像处理方法，当存在在受阴影的普通多边形的像素的深度位置与无限位置之间存在的阴影多边形的数量，并且该数量是奇数时，这些像素被无条件地判断为位于阴影体积的区域。因此，可以通过在所有像素位置判断数字是奇数还是偶数来有效地检测经历阴影的区域。

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