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21. 发明授权

US5253274A Means to differentiate between commands and data on a communications link 失效
标题翻译：用于区分通信链路上的命令和数据的方式
公开(公告)号：US5253274A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-12
申请号：US869557
申请日：1992-04-15
申请人： Frank J. Janniello , Rajiv Ramaswami , David G. Steinberg
发明人： Frank J. Janniello , Rajiv Ramaswami , David G. Steinberg
IPC分类号： H04L25/49 , H04L29/06 , H04B25/49
CPC分类号： H04L25/4906 , H04L29/06
摘要： A method of transmitting data and commands on a communication link so as to efficiently distinguish between commands and data. This invention encodes information symbols before transmission on the communication link. A unique code symbol S which does not equal any encoded information symbol is defined along with a unique encoded command symbol ESOTX. Encoded data information symbols are transmitted by sending S followed by ESOTX, and then the encoded data information symbols. Encoded command information symbols, not including ESOTX, are transmitted by sending S immediately followed by the encoded command information symbols. The receiver interprets any encoded information symbol immediately following S as a command. If the encoded command equals ESOTX, the following symbols are treated as data until S is received again. If the encoded command is not ESOTX, the following symbols are treated as commands until S is received again.
摘要翻译：一种在通信链路上发送数据和命令的方法，以便有效区分命令和数据。本发明在通信链路上传输之前对信息符号进行编码。与唯一的编码命令符号ESOTX一起定义不等于任何编码信息符号的唯一代码符号S. 编码的数据信息符号通过发送S发送，随后是ESOTX，然后是编码的数据信息符号。编码命令信息符号（不包括ESOTX）通过立即发送S后跟编码命令信息符号来发送。接收者解释紧随S之后的任何编码信息符号作为命令。如果编码命令等于ESOTX，则将以下符号视为数据，直到再次接收到S。如果编码命令不是ESOTX，则以下符号被视为命令，直到再次接收到S。

22. 发明授权

US06947623B2 Signals and methods for increasing reliability in optical network equipment 失效
标题翻译：提高光网络设备可靠性的信号和方法
公开(公告)号：US06947623B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-20
申请号：US10650543
申请日：2003-08-28
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
IPC分类号： G02B6/43 , H04Q11/00 , G02B6/26 , G02F1/00
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0009 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0035 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0058 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods, apparatus and systems for regenerating, monitoring and bridging optical signals through an optical cross-connect switch to provide increased reliability. A self testing method, apparatus and system for an optical cross-connect switch. An optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter (O/E/O) is provided in an optical cross-connect switch to provide optical-electrical-optical conversion. I/O port cards having an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as smart port cards while I/O port cards without an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as passive port cards. Test port/monitor cards are also provided for testing optical cross-connect switches. Methods, apparatus and systems for performing bridging, test access, and supporting redundant optical switch fabrics are also disclosed.
摘要翻译：通过光交叉连接开关再生，监测和桥接光信号的方法，装置和系统，以提供更高的可靠性。一种用于光交叉连接开关的自检方法，装置和系统。在光交叉开关中提供光 - 电 - 光转换器（O / E / O）以提供光 - 电 - 光转换。具有光 - 电 - 光转换器的I / O端口卡被称为智能端口卡，而没有光对电转换器的I / O端口卡被称为被动端口卡。还提供测试端口/监视器卡，用于测试光交叉连接交换机。还公开了用于执行桥接，测试访问和支持冗余光交换结构的方法，装置和系统。

23. 发明授权

US06795602B2 Flexible, modular, compact fiber optic switch 失效
标题翻译：灵活，模块化，紧凑的光纤开关
公开(公告)号：US06795602B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US09729336
申请日：2000-12-01
申请人： Armand P. Neukermans , Timothy G. Slater , Tyler L. Baughman , James P. Downing , John S. Forker , Gregory A. Reznick , Sam Calmes , Steven M. Clark , Jack D. Foster , Marc R. Schuman , Rajiv Ramaswami
发明人： Armand P. Neukermans , Timothy G. Slater , Tyler L. Baughman , James P. Downing , John S. Forker , Gregory A. Reznick , Sam Calmes , Steven M. Clark , Jack D. Foster , Marc R. Schuman , Rajiv Ramaswami
IPC分类号： G02B635
CPC分类号： G02B6/359 , G02B6/32 , G02B6/3518 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3584 , G02B6/4226 , G02B26/0841 , G02B2006/12104
摘要： A fiber optic switch (400) includes a fiber optic switching module (100) that receives and fixes ends (104) of optical fibers (106). The module (100) includes numerous reflective light beam deflectors (172) which may be selected as pairs for coupling a beam of light (108) between a pair of optical fibers (106). The module (100) also produces orientation signals from each deflector (172) which indicate its orientation. A portcard (406) included in the switch (400) supplies drive signals to the module (100) for orienting at least one deflector (172). The portcard (406) also receives the orientation signals produced by that deflector (172) together with coordinates that specify an orientation for the deflector (172). The portcard (406) compares the received coordinates with the orientation signals received from the deflector (172) and adjusts the drive signals supplied to the module (100) to reduce any difference between the received coordinates and the orientation signals. The switch (400) also employs optical alignment to precisely orient pairs deflectors (172) coupling a beam of light (108) between optical fibers (106).
摘要翻译：光纤开关（400）包括光纤切换模块（100），其接收和固定光纤（106）的端部（104）。模块（100）包括多个反射光束偏转器（172），其可以被选择成对，用于耦合一对光纤（106）之间的光束（108）。模块（100）还产生来自指示其取向的每个偏转器（172）的取向信号。包括在开关（400）中的端口卡（406）向驱动模块（100）提供用于定向至少一个偏转器（172）的驱动信号。端口卡（406）还接收由该偏转器（172）产生的取向信号以及指定偏转器（172）的取向的坐标。端口卡（406）将接收到的坐标与从偏转器（172）接收的定向信号进行比较，并且调整提供给模块（100）的驱动信号，以减少所接收的坐标和取向信号之间的差异。开关（400）还采用光学对准来精确地定向耦合在光纤（106）之间的光束（108）的对偏转器（172）。

24. 发明授权

US06792174B1 Method and apparatus for signaling between an optical cross-connect switch and attached network equipment 失效
标题翻译：用于在光交叉连接交换机和附属网络设备之间进行信令的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06792174B1
公开(公告)日：2004-09-14
申请号：US09704445
申请日：2000-11-01
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami
IPC分类号： G02B642
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0295 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0066 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods, apparatus and systems for signaling information between an optical cross-connect switch and attached network equipment such as Internet Protocol (IP) routers, WDM terminals, SONET add/drop multiplexers and ATM switches. In one embodiment, an out-of-band signaling interface between an optical cross-connect switch and attached network equipment is realized by using an out-of-band communication channel over a network. In another embodiment, a decentralized signaling interface is provided by one or more dedicated signal lines between an optical cross-connect switch and attached network equipment.
摘要翻译：用于在光交叉连接交换机和诸如因特网协议（IP）路由器，WDM终端，SONET分插复用器和ATM交换机的附接网络设备之间进行信令的信号的方法，装置和系统。在一个实施例中，通过使用网络上的带外通信信道来实现光交叉连接交换机和附加网络设备之间的带外信令接口。在另一个实施例中，分散式信令接口由光交叉连接交换机和附属网络设备之间的一个或多个专用信号线提供。

25. 发明授权

US6108311A Multichannel ring and star networks with limited channel conversion 失效
标题翻译：具有有限信道转换的多通道环和星形网络
公开(公告)号：US6108311A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-22
申请号：US641061
申请日：1996-04-29
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Sasaki
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen Sasaki
IPC分类号： H04J14/02 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/42 , H04L12/44 , H04Q11/00 , H04J3/02 , H04J14/00
CPC分类号： H04L12/42 , H04J14/02 , H04L12/44 , H04Q11/0062 , H04Q2011/0086 , H04Q2011/0092
摘要： A ring communication network including N nodes and comprising links between the nodes for carrying data in W channels. The network is configured by providing nodes and channels such that N.gtoreq.2 log.sub.2 W-1 where W is a power of 2. No more than W channels are assigned to the transmission of data along any of the links. The nodes are configured such that each channel of a first one of the links adjacent any one of the nodes can be switched to no more than W-1 channels of a second one of the links adjacent any one node.
摘要翻译：包括N个节点的环形通信网络，并且包括用于在W个信道中传送数据的节点之间的链路。通过提供节点和信道来配置网络，使得N = 2 log 2W-1，其中W是2的幂。不超过W个信道被分配给沿着任何链路的数据传输。节点被配置为使得与任何一个节点相邻的第一个链路的每个信道可以被切换到与任何一个节点相邻的链路中的第二个链路的不超过W-1个信道。

26. 发明授权

US5825949A Optical wavelength division multiplexer for coupling to data sources and sinks, wherein at least two data sources and sinks operate with different communication protocols 失效
标题翻译：用于耦合到数据源和接收器的光波分复用器，其中至少两个数据源和接收器以不同的通信协议进行操作
公开(公告)号：US5825949A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US832093
申请日：1997-04-03
申请人： Michael M. Choy , Paul Eliot Green, Jr. , William Eric Hall , Frank James Janniello , Jeff Kenneth Kravitz , Karen Liu , Rajiv Ramaswami , Franklin Fuk-Kay Tong
发明人： Michael M. Choy , Paul Eliot Green, Jr. , William Eric Hall , Frank James Janniello , Jeff Kenneth Kravitz , Karen Liu , Rajiv Ramaswami , Franklin Fuk-Kay Tong
IPC分类号： H04J14/00 , H04B10/155 , H04B10/24 , H04J14/02 , G02B6/28
CPC分类号： H04J14/02 , H04B10/506 , H04B10/572
摘要： A wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) unit (12) includes a plurality of Input/Output cards (IOCs 14). Each IOC is bidirectionally coupled to I/O specific media (fiber or copper) and to two coaxial cables. Also bidirectionally coupled to the coaxial cables are a plurality of Laser/Receiver Cards (LRC 20). The interface between the IOCs and the LRCs is an Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) electrical interface that is conveyed over the coaxial cables. Each LRC is bidirectionally coupled by two single mode fibers to an optical multiplexer and demultiplexer, embodied within a grating (24). An input/output port of the grating is coupled to a fiber link (28) that enables bidirectional, full duplex data communications with a second WDM. Each WDM also includes a Diagnostic Processor Card (DPC 28) that receives status signals from the IOCs and LRCs, that forwards the status signals on to an external processor, and which generates control information for the IOCs and LRCs. Each IOC is associated with one of a plurality of communications channels and includes an I/O specific media connector (30) that is coupled to an appropriate transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). The I/O specific media connector, Tx and Rx are constructed and operated in accordance with the specific data stream type that is input to and output from the associated channel of the WDM. By example, a first data stream may be conveyed through an optical (fiber) conductor in accordance with an ESCON protocol at 200 Mb/s, and a second data stream may be conveyed through an electrical (copper) conductor in accordance with an ECL non-specific protocol at up to 622 MB/s.
摘要翻译：波分复用器（WDM）单元（12）包括多个输入/输出卡（IOC 14）。每个IOC双向耦合到I / O特定介质（光纤或铜）和两根同轴电缆。还双向耦合到同轴电缆的是多个激光/接收卡（LRC 20）。 IOC和LRC之间的接口是通过同轴电缆传送的发射极耦合逻辑（ECL）电接口。每个LRC通过两个单模光纤双向耦合到光学多路复用器和解复用器中，体现在光栅（24）内。光栅的输入/输出端口耦合到能够与第二WDM进行双向全双工数据通信的光纤链路（28）。每个WDM还包括诊断处理器卡（DPC 28），其接收来自IOC和LRC的状态信号，将状态信号转发到外部处理器，并且产生IOC和LRC的控制信息。每个IOC与多个通信信道中的一个相关联，并且包括耦合到适当的发射机（Tx）和接收机（Rx）的I / O特定媒体连接器（30）。 I / O特定媒体连接器Tx和Rx根据输入到WDM的相关信道并从其输出的特定数据流类型被构造和操作。例如，可以根据ESCON协议以200Mb / s的速度将第一数据流传送通过光（光纤）导体，并且可以根据ECL非传输第二数据流通过电（铜）导体传送第二数据流，特定协议高达622 MB / s。

27. 发明授权

US5515361A Link monitoring and management in optical star networks 失效
标题翻译：光明星网络中的链路监控与管理
公开(公告)号：US5515361A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-07
申请号：US393966
申请日：1995-02-24
申请人： Chung-Sheng Li , Rajiv Ramaswami
发明人： Chung-Sheng Li , Rajiv Ramaswami
IPC分类号： H04L12/44 , H04L12/437
CPC分类号： H04L12/44
摘要： A method and apparatus for monitoring links in an optical star network along with means for taking down a link in the event of a failure without disruption to other parts of the network, bringing back the link into operation once the failure is corrected, while adhering to eye-safety regulations. More specifically, when one link of a pair of links connecting a station to a star coupler fails, the failure is detected by a monitor and the links of the pair are connected to each other by a switch. This connection of the two links provides a look from the transmitter of the station through the pair of links and to the receiver of the station. This connection also disconnects the station from the star network. When the pair of links again become operable, a signal is detected as passing from the transmitter through the loop and back to the receiver. Detection of the signal by the receiver then results in switching the pair of links back to the star coupler, thereby reconnecting the station to the star network.
摘要翻译：一种用于监视光学星形网络中的链路的方法和装置，以及在故障情况下取消链路而不中断网络的其他部分的装置，一旦纠正了故障就将链路恢复运行，同时遵守眼睛安全法规。更具体地，当连接站到星形耦合器的一对链路的一个链路失效时，监视器检测到故障，并且该对链路通过交换机相互连接。两个链路的这种连接通过一对链路和站的接收机，从站的发射机看看。该连接也会断开站与星形网络的连接。当一对链路再次变得可操作时，信号被检测为从发射机通过环路并返回接收机。接收机对信号的检测导致将该对链路切换回星形耦合器，从而将该站重新连接到星形网络。

28. 发明授权

US5487120A Optical wavelength division multiplexer for high speed, protocol-independent serial data sources 失效
标题翻译：用于高速，协议无关串行数据源的光波分复用器
公开(公告)号：US5487120A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US193969
申请日：1994-02-09
申请人： Michael M. Choy , Paul E. Green, Jr. , William E. Hall , Frank J. Janniello , Jeff K. Kravitz , Karen Liu , Rajiv Ramaswami , Franklin F. Tong
发明人： Michael M. Choy , Paul E. Green, Jr. , William E. Hall , Frank J. Janniello , Jeff K. Kravitz , Karen Liu , Rajiv Ramaswami , Franklin F. Tong
IPC分类号： H04J14/00 , H04B10/155 , H04B10/24 , H04J14/02 , G02B6/00 , G02B6/36
CPC分类号： H04J14/02 , H04B10/506 , H04B10/572
摘要： A wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) unit (12) includes a plurality of Input/Output cards (IOCs 14). Each IOC is bidirectionally coupled to I/O specific media (fiber or copper) and to two coaxial cables. Also bidirectionally coupled to the coaxial cables are a plurality of Laser/Receiver Cards (LRC 20). The interface between the IOCs and the LRCs is an Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) electrical interface that is conveyed over the coaxial cables. Each LRC is bidirectionally coupled by two single mode fibers to an optical multiplexer and demultiplexer, embodied within a grating (24). An input/output port of the grating is coupled to a fiber link (28) that enables bidirectional, full duplex data communications with a second WDM. Each WDM also includes a Diagnostic Processor Card (DPC 28) that receives status signals from the IOCs and LRCs, that forwards the status signals on to an external processor, and which generates control information for the IOCs and LRCs.
摘要翻译：波分复用器（WDM）单元（12）包括多个输入/输出卡（IOC 14）。每个IOC双向耦合到I / O特定介质（光纤或铜）和两根同轴电缆。还双向耦合到同轴电缆的是多个激光/接收卡（LRC 20）。 IOC和LRC之间的接口是通过同轴电缆传送的发射极耦合逻辑（ECL）电接口。每个LRC通过两个单模光纤双向耦合到光学多路复用器和解复用器中，体现在光栅（24）内。光栅的输入/输出端口耦合到能够与第二WDM进行双向全双工数据通信的光纤链路（28）。每个WDM还包括诊断处理器卡（DPC 28），其接收来自IOC和LRC的状态信号，将状态信号转发到外部处理器，并且产生IOC和LRC的控制信息。

29. 发明授权

US08134939B2 Multichannel ring and star networks with limited channel conversion 有权
标题翻译：具有有限信道转换的多通道环和星形网络
公开(公告)号：US08134939B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-13
申请号：US12556125
申请日：2009-09-09
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen H. Sasaki
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Galen H. Sasaki
IPC分类号： H04J3/02 , H04J14/00 , H04L12/42 , H04L12/44 , G06F15/16
CPC分类号： H04L12/42 , H04J14/02 , H04L12/44 , H04Q11/0062 , H04Q2011/0086 , H04Q2011/0092
摘要： A ring communication network according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of nodes in which a single one of the nodes is configured for full channel conversion and the remaining nodes, other than the single node, are configured for no channel conversion. Links with no more than W channels couple the nodes. The ring communication network also may include N nodes and links connecting the nodes for carrying data in W channels such that N≧2 log2 W−1 where W is a power of 2. Each of the N nodes includes switches connected such that each channel of a first one of the links adjacent to any one of the N nodes can be switched to no more than W−1 channels of another one of the links adjacent any one node.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的实施例的环通信网络包括多个节点，其中单个节点被配置用于全频道转换，而除单个节点之外的其余节点被配置为不进行频道转换。链接不超过W个通道耦合节点。环通信网络还可以包括N个节点和连接节点的链路，用于在W个信道中携带数据，使得N≥2log2W-1，其中W是2的幂.N个节点中的每一个包括连接的开关，使得每个信道与N个节点中的任一个邻接的链路中的第一个可以被切换到与任何一个节点相邻的另一个链路的不超过W-1个信道。

30. 发明授权

US06961506B2 Variable attenuation of free-space light beams 失效
标题翻译：自由空间光束的可变衰减
公开(公告)号：US06961506B2
公开(公告)日：2005-11-01
申请号：US10221867
申请日：2001-03-16
申请人： Armand P. Neukermans , Rajiv Ramaswami , John F. Heanue , Brian P. Tremaine , Marc Schuman
发明人： Armand P. Neukermans , Rajiv Ramaswami , John F. Heanue , Brian P. Tremaine , Marc Schuman
IPC分类号： G02B6/26 , G02B6/35 , G02B26/08 , G02B6/00 , G02B26/02
CPC分类号： G02B6/359 , G02B6/266 , G02B6/352 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/356 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3588 , G02B6/3594
摘要： One aspect is a method for controllably attenuating the beam of light (108) coupled between incoming and outgoing optical fibers (106) by misaligning minor surfaces (116a, 116b) included of an optical switching module (100). Misalignment of the mirror surfaces (116a and 116b) causes only a portion of the beam of light (108) propagating along the incoming optical fiber (106), which is less than when the light beam deflectors' mirror surfaces (116) are precisely aligned, to propagate along the outgoing optical fiber (108). Thus, the optical switching module (100) controllably attenuates the beam of light (108) coupled between the incoming and the outgoing optical fibers (106). Another aspect is a variable-optical-attenuator (“VOA”) (212) that includes an optically reflective membrane (222) upon which the beam of light (108) impinges. Application of an electrostatic field between an adjacent electrode (228) and the membrane (222) deforms the membrane (222) thereby attenuating an impinging beam of light (108).
摘要翻译：一个方面是通过使包括光开关模块（100）的小面（116a，116b）不对准来可控地衰减耦合在进入和输出光纤（106）之间的光束（108）的方法。镜面（116a和116b）的不对准仅使得沿着入射光纤（106）传播的光束（108）的一部分小于当光束偏转器的镜面（116）为精确对准，以沿着输出光纤（108）传播。因此，光学开关模块（100）可控制地衰减耦合在输入和输出光纤（106）之间的光束（108）。另一方面是可变光衰减器（“VOA”）（212），其包括光束（108）撞击在其上的光学反射膜。相邻电极（228）和膜（222）之间的静电场的施加使膜（222）变形，从而衰减入射光束（108）。

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