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11. 发明授权

US6103091A Production of bodies of refractory borides for use in aluminum electrowinning cells 失效
$Production of bodies of refractory borides for use in aluminum electrowinning cells$
标题翻译：生产用于铝电解池的难熔硼化物体
公开(公告)号：US6103091A
公开(公告)日：2000-08-15
申请号：US29485
申请日：1998-06-19
申请人： Jainagesh A. Sekhar , Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora
发明人： Jainagesh A. Sekhar , Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora
IPC分类号： C04B35/58 , C04B41/51 , C04B41/88 , C25C3/08 , C25B9/00 , C25C7/00 , C25D17/00
CPC分类号： C04B35/58064 , C04B35/58071 , C04B35/58078 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/5155 , C04B41/88 , C25C3/08
摘要： A method of producing a self-sustaining body of refractory boride from the group consisting of the borides of titanium, chromium, vanadium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and cerium. This body includes a refractory boride and a dried colloid from the group consisting of colloidal alumina, silica, yttria, ceria, thoria, magnesia, lithia, monoaluminium phosphate and cerium acetate and is obtained from a slurry of the refractory boride in one or more of said colloids by casting the slurry on a porous plaster layer, and drying the cast slurry by draining through the plaster, or by pressing/drying. Subsequently, the dried body is subjected to heat treatment to bond the refractory boride in the dried colloid. The bodies are useful as components of aluminium electrowinning cells.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / IB96 / 00823 Sec。 371日期：1998年6月19日 102（e）1998年6月19日PCT PCT 1996年8月21日PCT公布。出版物WO97 / 08114 日期1997年3月6日由钛，铬，钒，锆，铪，铌，钽，钼和铈组成的组中生产耐火硼化物的自持体的方法。本体包括耐火硼化物和由胶态氧化铝，二氧化硅，氧化钇，二氧化铈，氧化钍，氧化镁，锂二氧化铈，氧化铝，磷酸铝和乙酸铈组成的组中的干燥胶体，并由耐火硼化物的浆料在一种或多种所述胶体通过将浆料浇注在多孔石膏层上，并通过排出石膏或通过压制/干燥来干燥铸浆。随后，将干燥的物体进行热处理以将耐火硼化物与干燥的胶体结合。这些物体可用作铝电解池的组分。

12. 发明授权

US5618403A Maintaining protective surfaces on carbon cathodes in aluminium electrowinning cells 失效
标题翻译：在铝电解池中保持碳阴极上的保护表面
公开(公告)号：US5618403A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US511647
申请日：1995-08-07
申请人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
发明人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
IPC分类号： C25C3/06 , C25C3/08 , C25C3/14
CPC分类号： C25C3/06 , C25C3/08
摘要： A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium by the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in a molten fluoride-based electrolyte comprises a cathode composed of a carbon body having an aluminium resistant aluminium-wettable surface layer containing particulate titanium or other refractory hard metal boride and a bonding material providing a porous layer which contains cathodic molten aluminium. Molten cathodic aluminium external to the aluminium-resistant and aluminium-wettable surface contains refractory hard metal and boron in a total concentration sufficient or just below that sufficient to inhibit dissolution into the molten aluminium of the refractory hard metal boride. Alumina is fed to the cell whereby the required amount of titanium in the aluminium results from the alumina feed while, when boron is not present in a sufficient amount, boron is added to bring the total titanium and boron content to or just below the equilibrium solubility product.
摘要翻译：通过电解溶解在熔融氟化物基电解质中的氧化铝电解铝的电池包括由具有含有颗粒状钛或其它难熔硬金属硼化物的耐铝可湿性表面层的碳体和接合材料构成的阴极提供含有阴极熔融铝的多孔层。在耐铝和铝可润湿表面外部的熔融阴极铝包含足够或恰好低于足以抑制溶解在难熔硬金属硼化物的熔融铝中的总浓度的难熔硬金属和硼。将氧化铝供给到电池中，由此铝中所需的钛量来自氧化铝原料，而当硼不足够量时，加入硼以使总钛和硼的含量达到或低于平衡溶解度产品。

13. 发明授权

US5135621A Composite cell bottom for aluminum electrowinning 失效
标题翻译：用于铝电解的复合电池底部
公开(公告)号：US5135621A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-04
申请号：US466366
申请日：1990-03-15
申请人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz , Brian Cronin
发明人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz , Brian Cronin
IPC分类号： C25C20060101 , C25C3/08
CPC分类号： C25C3/08
摘要： A cell for the electrowinning of aluminum from molten salts has a cell bottom lining consisting partly of a refractory mass (4) and partly of carbon bodies (5). At least 30% and preferably 50% or more of the cell bottom area is occupied by the refractory mass (4). The carbon bodies (5) are level with the refractory mass (4) or are recessed therein.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP88 / 00816 Sec。 371 1990年3月15日 102（e）1990年3月15日PCT PCT。出版物WO89 / 02487 日期：1989年3月23日。用于从熔融盐中电解提取铝的电池具有部分由耐火材料（4）和部分碳体（5）组成的电池底部衬里。电池底部面积的至少30％，优选为50％以上被耐火材料块（4）所占据。碳体（5）与耐火材料块（4）平齐或凹入其中。

14. 发明授权

US06998032B2 Metal-based anodes for aluminium electrowinning cells 失效
公开(公告)号：US06998032B2
公开(公告)日：2006-02-14
申请号：US10161318
申请日：2002-06-03
申请人： Vittorio De Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
发明人： Vittorio De Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
IPC分类号： C25B11/04
CPC分类号： C25C3/12
摘要： An anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a nickel-iron alloy substrate having a nickel metal rich outer portion with an electrolyte pervious integral nickel-iron oxide containing surface layer which adheres to the nickel metal rich outer portion of the nickel-iron alloy and which in use is electrochemically active for the evolution of oxygen. The oxide surface layer has a thickness such that, during use, the voltage drop therethrough is below the potential of dissolution of nickel-iron oxide. The nickel metal rich outer portion may contain cavities some or all of which, after oxidation, are partly or completely filled with iron oxides to form iron oxide containing inclusions.

15. 发明授权

US06878247B2 Metal-based anodes for aluminium electrowinning cells 失效
公开(公告)号：US06878247B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-12
申请号：US10161036
申请日：2002-06-03
申请人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Thinh T. Nguyen , Vittorio De Nora
发明人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Thinh T. Nguyen , Vittorio De Nora
IPC分类号： C25C3/06 , C25C3/12 , C25B11/04
CPC分类号： C25C3/12 , C25C3/06
摘要： An anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a nickel-iron alloy substrate having an openly porous nickel metal rich outer portion whose surface is electrochemically active. The outer portion is optionally covered with an external integral nickel-iron oxide containing surface layer which adheres to the nickel metal rich outer portion of the nickel-iron alloy and which in use is pervious to molten electrolyte. During use, the nickel metal rich outer portion contains cavities some or all of which are partly or completely filled with iron and nickel compounds, in particular oxides, fluorides and oxyfluorides.

16. 发明授权

US06533909B2 Bipolar cell for the production of aluminium with carbon cathodes 失效
标题翻译：用于生产具有碳阴极的铝的双极电池
公开(公告)号：US06533909B2
公开(公告)日：2003-03-18
申请号：US09772284
申请日：2001-01-29
申请人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora
发明人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora
IPC分类号： B01D5940
CPC分类号： C25C3/06 , C25C3/08 , C25C3/12
摘要： A bipolar cell for the electrowinning of aluminium has bipolar electrodes each comprising a carbon cathode body having on one side an active surface on which aluminium is produced and connected on the other side through an oxygen impermeable barrier layer to an electrochemically active anode layer having an oxygen evolving iron oxide-based outer surface. The anode layer may comprise a metal-based anode substrate and a transition metal oxide-based outside layer, in particular an iron oxide-based outside layer, which either is an applied layer or is obtainable by oxidising the surface of the anode substrate which contains iron. During operation, the anode layer can be kept dimensionally stable by maintaining in the electrolyte a concentration of transition metal species which are present as one or more corresponding transition metal oxides in the electrochemically-active layer. The cell operating temperature is sufficiently low so that the required concentration The cell operating temperature is sufficiently low so that the required concentration of transition metal species in the electrolyte is limited by the reduced solubility thereof in the electrolyte at the operating temperature. This limits the contamination of the product aluminium by the transition metal species to an acceptable level.
摘要翻译：用于电解电解铝的双极电池具有双极电极，每个双极电极包括碳阴极体，该碳阴极体的一侧具有生成铝的有源表面，另一侧通过不透氧阻挡层连接到具有氧的电化学活性阳极层不断发展的基于氧化铁的外表面。阳极层可以包括基于金属的阳极衬底和基于过渡金属氧化物的外层，特别是基于氧化铁的外层，其也可以是施加层，或者可以通过氧化阳极衬底的表面而获得，其包含铁。在操作期间，通过在电化学活性层中保持作为一种或多种相应的过渡金属氧化物存在的过渡金属物质的浓度来维持阳极层的尺寸稳定。电池工作温度足够低，使得所需的浓度电池工作温度足够低，使得电解质中过渡金属物质所需的浓度受到其在工作温度下在电解质中溶解度的降低的限制。这将产品铝的过渡金属物质的污染限制在可接受的水平。

17. 发明授权

US06521116B2 Cells for the electrowinning of aluminium having dimensionally stable metal-based anodes 失效
标题翻译：用于电沉积具有尺寸稳定的金属阳极的铝的电池
公开(公告)号：US06521116B2
公开(公告)日：2003-02-18
申请号：US09772286
申请日：2001-01-29
申请人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora , Olivier Crottaz
发明人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora , Olivier Crottaz
IPC分类号： C25C308
CPC分类号： C25C3/12 , C25C3/06
摘要： A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising one or more anodes (10), each having a metal-based anode substrate, for instance comprising a metal core (11) covered with an metal layer 12, an oxygen barrier layer (13), one or more intermediate layers (14; 14A, 14B) and an iron layer (15). The anode substrate is covered with an electrochemically active transition metal oxide layer, in particular an iron oxide-based outside layer (16) such as a hematite-based layer, which remains dimensionally stable during operation in a cell by maintaining in the electrolyte a sufficient concentration of iron species and dissolved alumina. The cell operating temperature is sufficiently low so species and dissolved alumina. The cell operating temperature is sufficiently low so that the required concentration of iron species in the electrolyte (5) is limited by the reduced solubility of iron species in the electrolyte at the operating temperature, which consequently limits the contamination of the product aluminium by iron to an acceptable level. The iron oxide-based layer (16) is usually an applied coating or an oxidised surface of a substrate (11, 12, 13, 14, 15), the surface (15) of which contains iron.
摘要翻译：一种用于电解提取铝的电池，包括一个或多个阳极（10），每个阳极（10）具有金属基阳极衬底，例如包括被金属层12覆盖的金属芯（11），氧阻隔层（13），一个或更多的中间层（14; 14A，14B）和铁层（15）。阳极衬底被电化学活性的过渡金属氧化物层，特别是基于氧化铁的外层（16）覆盖，例如基于赤铁矿的层，其在电池操作期间在尺寸上保持稳定，通过在电解质中维持足够的铁物质和溶解氧化铝的浓度。电池工作温度足够低，因此物质和溶解的氧化铝。电池工作温度足够低，使得电解质（5）中铁物质所需的浓度受到操作温度下铁物质在电解质中的溶解度的限制，从而将铁产品铝的污染限制在一个可以接受的水平氧化铁基层（16）通常是其表面（15）含有铁的基材（11,12,13,14,15）的涂布或氧化表面。

18. 发明授权

US06379526B1 Non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells 失效
标题翻译：铝生产电池的非碳金属阳极
公开(公告)号：US06379526B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-30
申请号：US09616328
申请日：2000-07-15
申请人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
发明人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz
IPC分类号： C25C308
CPC分类号： C25C3/12
摘要： A non-carbon metal-based anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising an electrically conductive metal substrate resistant to high temperature, the surface of which becomes passive and substantially inert to the electrolyte, and a coating adherent to the metal substrate making the surface of the anode electrochemically active for the oxidation of oxygen ions present at the electrolyte interface. The substrate metal may be selected from nickel, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, tantalum and the Lanthanide series. The active constituents of the coating are for example oxides such as spinels or perovskites, oxyfluorides, phosphides or carbides, in particular ferrites. The active constituents may be coated onto the substrate from a slurry or suspension containing colloidal material and the electrochemically active material.
摘要翻译：一种用于电解电解铝的电池的非碳金属阳极，包括耐高温的导电金属基底，其表面变得钝化并对电解质基本惰性，并且附着在金属基底上的涂层使得阳极电化学活性的表面，用于氧化存在于电解质界面处的氧离子。基底金属可以选自镍，钴，铬，钼，钽和镧系元素。涂层的活性组分例如是氧化物，例如尖晶石或钙钛矿，氟氧化物，磷化物或碳化物，特别是铁氧体。活性成分可以从含有胶体材料和电化学活性材料的浆料或悬浮液涂覆到基材上。

19. 发明授权

US6077415A Multi-layer non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminum production cells and method 失效
标题翻译：用于铝生产电池的多层非碳金属阳极和方法
公开(公告)号：US6077415A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-20
申请号：US126206
申请日：1998-07-30
申请人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora
发明人： Jean-Jacques Duruz , Vittorio de Nora
IPC分类号： C25C3/12 , C25C7/02 , C25C3/08 , C25B11/00
CPC分类号： C25C7/025 , C25C3/12
摘要： A composite, high-temperature resistant, non-carbon metal-based anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a metal-based core structure of low electrical resistance, for connecting the anode to a positive current supply, coated with a series of superimposed, adherent, electrically conductive layers. These layers consist of at least one layer on the core structure constituting a barrier substantially impervious to monoatomic oxygen and molecular oxygen; one or more intermediate, protective layers on the oxygen barrier layer which remain inactive in the reactions for the evolution of oxygen gas; and an electrochemically active layer for the oxidation reaction of oxygen ions present at the anode/electrolyte interface into nascent monoatomic oxygen, as well as for subsequent reaction for the formation of gaseous biatomic oxygen. The active layer on the outermost intermediate layer is slowly consumable during electrolysis and protects the intermediate protective layer by inhibiting its dissolution into the electrolyte.
摘要翻译：用于电解电解铝的电池的复合耐高温，非碳金属基阳极包括具有低电阻的金属基磁芯结构，用于将阳极连接到正电流源，涂覆有一系列叠加的，粘附的，导电的层。这些层由核心结构上的至少一层构成构成基本上不渗透单原子氧和分子氧的阻挡层; 阻氧层上的一个或多个中间保护层，在氧气放出反应中保持不活动; 以及用于氧化存在于阳极/电解质界面处的氧离子与新生单原子氧的氧化反应的电化学活性层，以及用于形成气态生物原子氧的后续反应。最外层中间层的活性层在电解过程中缓慢消耗，并通过抑制其溶解到电解质中来保护中间保护层。

20. 发明授权

US5203971A Composite cell bottom for aluminum electrowinning 失效
标题翻译：用于铝电解的复合电池底部
公开(公告)号：US5203971A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-20
申请号：US788919
申请日：1991-11-07
申请人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz , Brian Cronin
发明人： Vittorio de Nora , Jean-Jacques Duruz , Brian Cronin
IPC分类号： C25C3/08
CPC分类号： C25C3/08
摘要： A cell for the electrowinning of aluminum from molten salts has a cell bottom lining consisting partly of a refractory mass (4 ) and partly of carbon bodies (5). At least 30% and preferably 50% or more of the cell bottom area is occupied by the refractory mass (4). The carbon bodies (5) are level with the refractory mass (4) or are recessed therein.
摘要翻译：用于从熔融盐中电解提取铝的电池具有部分由耐火材料（4）和部分碳体（5）组成的电池底部衬里。电池底部面积的至少30％，优选为50％以上被耐火材料块（4）所占据。碳体（5）与耐火材料块（4）平齐或凹入其中。

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