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11. 发明授权

US08533382B2 Method and system for frequent checkpointing 有权
标题翻译：频繁检查点的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US08533382B2
公开(公告)日：2013-09-10
申请号：US12683273
申请日：2010-01-06
申请人： Daniel J. Scales , Pratap Subrahmanyam , Ganesh Venkitachalam , Michael Nelson
发明人： Daniel J. Scales , Pratap Subrahmanyam , Ganesh Venkitachalam , Michael Nelson
IPC分类号： G06F12/08
CPC分类号： G06F11/2023 , G06F11/1438 , G06F11/1484 , G06F11/2097 , G06F2201/84
摘要： A virtualization platform provides fault tolerance for a primary virtual machine by continuously transmitting checkpoint information of the primary virtual machine to a collector process, such as a backup virtual machine. When implemented on a hardware platform comprising a multi-processor that supports nested page tables, the virtualization platform leverages the nested page table support to quickly identify memory pages that have been modified between checkpoints. The backup virtual machine provides feedback information to assist the virtualization platform in identifying candidate memory pages for transmitting actual modifications to the memory pages rather than the entire memory page as part of the checkpoint information. The virtualization platform further maintains a modification history data structure to identify memory pages that can be transmitted simultaneous with the execution of the primary virtual machine rather than while the primary virtual machine has been stunned.
摘要翻译：虚拟化平台通过将主虚拟机的检查点信息连续传送到诸如备份虚拟机的收集器进程来为主虚拟机提供容错。当在包含支持嵌套页表的多处理器的硬件平台上实现时，虚拟化平台利用嵌套页表支持来快速识别在检查点之间已经被修改的内存页。备份虚拟机提供反馈信息，以帮助虚拟化平台识别用于发送对存储器页的实际修改的候选存储器页，而不是作为检查点信息的一部分的整个存储器页。虚拟化平台还维护修改历史数据结构，以识别可以与主虚拟机的执行同时发送的存储器页面，而不是在主虚拟机被击晕时。

12. 发明申请

US20120284714A1 VIRTUAL MACHINE FAULT TOLERANCE 审中-公开
标题翻译：虚拟机故障容错
公开(公告)号：US20120284714A1
公开(公告)日：2012-11-08
申请号：US13471616
申请日：2012-05-15
申请人： Ganesh VENKITACHALAM , Rohit JAIN , Boris WEISSMAN , Daniel J. SCALES , Vyacheslav MALYUGIN , Jeffrey W. SHELDON , Min XU
发明人： Ganesh VENKITACHALAM , Rohit JAIN , Boris WEISSMAN , Daniel J. SCALES , Vyacheslav MALYUGIN , Jeffrey W. SHELDON , Min XU
IPC分类号： G06F9/455
CPC分类号： G06F11/1658 , G06F9/45533 , G06F9/45558 , G06F9/4881 , G06F11/0712 , G06F11/0766 , G06F11/079 , G06F2009/45579 , G06F2009/45591 , G06F2201/805 , G06F2201/815 , G06F2201/82
摘要： In a computer system running at least a first virtual machine (VM) and a second VM on virtualization software, a computer implemented method for the second VM to provide quasi-lockstep fault tolerance for the first VM. The method includes enabling operations of the second VM to diverge from being in lockstep with operations with the first VM without resynchronizing the second VM with the first VM, if output of the second VM is not diverging from output of the first VM. The output of the second VM is compared with the output of the first VM to determine whether the output of the second VM has diverged from the output of the first VM. In response to a determination that the output of the second VM has diverged from the output of the first VM, a resynchronization of the second VM is executed.
摘要翻译：在运行虚拟化软件上的至少第一虚拟机（VM）和第二虚拟机的计算机系统中，用于所述第二虚拟机为所述第一虚拟机提供准锁步骤容错的计算机实现的方法。该方法包括如果第二VM的输出不与第一VM的输出分离，则第二VM的启用操作使得与第一VM的操作不同步，而不与第一VM重新同步第二VM。将第二VM的输出与第一VM的输出进行比较，以确定第二个VM的输出是否与第一个VM的输出分离。响应于确定第二VM的输出已经从第一VM的输出分离，执行第二VM的重新同步。

13. 发明申请

US20100070678A1 Saving and Restoring State Information for Virtualized Computer Systems 审中-公开
标题翻译：保存和恢复虚拟化计算机系统的状态信息
公开(公告)号：US20100070678A1
公开(公告)日：2010-03-18
申请号：US12559484
申请日：2009-09-14
申请人： Irene ZHANG , Kenneth Charles BARR , Ganesh VENKITACHALAM , Irfan AHMAD , Alex GARTHWAITE , Jesse POOL
发明人： Irene ZHANG , Kenneth Charles BARR , Ganesh VENKITACHALAM , Irfan AHMAD , Alex GARTHWAITE , Jesse POOL
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F9/455
CPC分类号： G06F9/45558 , G06F9/461 , G06F9/485 , G06F9/5016 , G06F11/1438 , G06F12/08 , G06F2009/45575 , G06F2009/45583
摘要： Prior to or while the state of a virtual machine (“VM”) is being saved, such as in connection with the suspension or checkpointing of a VM, a set of one or more “active” memory pages is identified, this set of active memory pages comprising memory pages that are in use within the VM before operation of the VM is suspended. This set of active memory pages may constitute a “working set” of memory pages. To restore the state of the VM and resume operation, in some embodiments, (a) access to persistent storage is restored to the VM, device state for the VM is restored, and one or more of the set of active memory pages are loaded into physical memory; (b) operation of the VM is resumed; and (c) additional memory pages from the saved state of the VM are loaded into memory after operation of the VM has resumed.
摘要翻译：在保存虚拟机（“VM”）的状态之前，例如与VM的暂停或检查点相关联，识别一组或多个“活动”存储器页面的集合，该组活动在VM的操作之前暂停在VM内使用的存储器页面的存储器页面。这组活动内存页可能构成内存页的“工作集”。为了恢复VM的状态并恢复操作，在一些实施例中，（a）对VM的恢复到永久存储器的访问，恢复VM的设备状态，并将一组或多个活动存储器页面加载到物理内存; （b）恢复虚拟机的运作; 和（c）从VM的保存状态的附加存储器页面在VM的操作已经恢复之后被加载到存储器中。

14. 发明申请

US20090007111A1 LOGGING AND REPLAYING INPUT/OUTPUT EVENTS FOR A VIRTUAL MACHINE 审中-公开
标题翻译：虚拟机的输入/输出事件记录和重新输入
公开(公告)号：US20090007111A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-01
申请号：US12163543
申请日：2008-06-27
申请人： Michael Nelson , Ganesh Venkitachalam
发明人： Michael Nelson , Ganesh Venkitachalam
IPC分类号： G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F11/3409 , G06F9/45558 , G06F11/1471 , G06F11/3476 , G06F2009/45579 , G06F2009/45591 , G06F2201/815 , G06F2201/86
摘要： Methods for logging and replaying input/output (I/O) events for a virtual machine (VM). The I/O events may be asynchronous or synchronous. In particular, one embodiment is a computer-implemented method for logging input/output (I/O) events for a virtual machine, the method including: executing the virtual machine from a checkpoint; and logging external events, including I/O events; wherein logging an I/O event comprises logging the event, and then, logging I/O data relating to the I/O event.
摘要翻译：用于记录和重播虚拟机（VM）的输入/输出（I / O）事件的方法。 I / O事件可能是异步或同步的。特别地，一个实施例是用于记录虚拟机的输入/输出（I / O）事件的计算机实现的方法，该方法包括：从检查点执行虚拟机; 并记录外部事件，包括I / O事件; 其中记录I / O事件包括记录事件，然后记录与I / O事件相关的I / O数据。

15. 发明申请

US20080244535A1 Logging and Replaying Input/Output Events for a Virtual Machine 审中-公开
标题翻译：为虚拟机记录和重放输入/输出事件
公开(公告)号：US20080244535A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-02
申请号：US12058465
申请日：2008-03-28
申请人： Michael Nelson , Ganesh Venkitachalam
发明人： Michael Nelson , Ganesh Venkitachalam
IPC分类号： G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F9/45558 , G06F11/1438 , G06F2009/45579 , G06F2201/815
摘要： Methods for logging and replaying input/output (I/O) events for a virtual machine (VM). The I/O events may be asynchronous or synchronous. In particular, one embodiment is a computer-implemented method for logging input/output (I/O) events for a virtual machine, the method including: executing the virtual machine from a checkpoint; and logging external events, including I/O events; wherein logging an I/O event comprises logging the event, and then, logging I/O data relating to the I/O event.
摘要翻译：用于记录和重播虚拟机（VM）的输入/输出（I / O）事件的方法。 I / O事件可能是异步或同步的。特别地，一个实施例是用于记录虚拟机的输入/输出（I / O）事件的计算机实现的方法，该方法包括：从检查点执行虚拟机; 并记录外部事件，包括I / O事件; 其中记录I / O事件包括记录事件，然后记录与I / O事件相关的I / O数据。

16. 发明申请

US20110167196A1 Method and System for Frequent Checkpointing 有权
标题翻译：频繁检查点的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US20110167196A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-07
申请号：US12683288
申请日：2010-01-06
申请人： Daniel J. SCALES , Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM , Ganesh VENKITACHALAM , Michael NELSON
发明人： Daniel J. SCALES , Pratap SUBRAHMANYAM , Ganesh VENKITACHALAM , Michael NELSON
IPC分类号： G06F12/00 , G06F12/16
CPC分类号： G06F11/2023 , G06F11/1438 , G06F11/1484 , G06F11/2097 , G06F2201/84
摘要： A virtualization platform provides fault tolerance for a primary virtual machine by continuously transmitting checkpoint information of the primary virtual machine to a collector process, such as a backup virtual machine. When implemented on a hardware platform comprising a multi-processor that supports nested page tables, the virtualization platform leverages the nested page table support to quickly identify memory pages that have been modified between checkpoints. The backup virtual machine provides feedback information to assist the virtualization platform in identifying candidate memory pages for transmitting actual modifications to the memory pages rather than the entire memory page as part of the checkpoint information. The virtualization platform further maintains a modification history data structure to identify memory pages that can be transmitted simultaneous with the execution of the primary virtual machine rather than while the primary virtual machine has been stunned.
摘要翻译：虚拟化平台通过将主虚拟机的检查点信息连续传送到诸如备份虚拟机的收集器进程来为主虚拟机提供容错。当在包含支持嵌套页表的多处理器的硬件平台上实现时，虚拟化平台利用嵌套页表支持来快速识别在检查点之间已经被修改的内存页。备份虚拟机提供反馈信息，以帮助虚拟化平台识别用于发送对存储器页的实际修改的候选存储器页，而不是作为检查点信息的一部分的整个存储器页。虚拟化平台还维护修改历史数据结构，以识别可以与主虚拟机的执行同时发送的存储器页面，而不是在主虚拟机被击晕时。

17. 发明申请

US20100318762A1 Synchronizing A Translation Lookaside Buffer with Page Tables 有权
标题翻译：同步翻译后备缓冲区与页表
公开(公告)号：US20100318762A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-16
申请号：US12485751
申请日：2009-06-16
申请人： Vyacheslav Vladimirovich MALYUGIN , Boris WEISSMAN , Ganesh VENKITACHALAM , Min XU
发明人： Vyacheslav Vladimirovich MALYUGIN , Boris WEISSMAN , Ganesh VENKITACHALAM , Min XU
IPC分类号： G06F12/10 , G06F12/00
CPC分类号： G06F12/1027 , G06F9/45558 , G06F12/0891 , G06F12/1009 , G06F12/1036 , G06F12/1045 , G06F12/109 , G06F2009/45583 , G06F2212/152 , G06F2212/305 , G06F2212/65 , G06F2212/683
摘要： The translation lookaside buffer (TLB) of a processor is kept in synchronization with a guest page table by use of an indicator referred to as a “T” bit. The T bit of the NPT/EPT entries mapping the guest page table are set when a page walk is performed on the NPT/EPT. When modifications are made to pages mapped by NPT/EPT entries with their T bit set, changes to the TLB are made so that the TLB remains in synchronization with the guest page table. Accordingly, record/replay of virtual machines of virtualized computer systems may be performed reliably with no non-determinism introduced by stale TLBs that fall out of synchronization with the guest page table.
摘要翻译：处理器的翻译后备缓冲器（TLB）通过使用称为“T”位的指示符与访客页表保持同步。在NPT / EPT上执行页面移动时，设置映射访客页表的NPT / EPT条目的T位。当对具有T位置位的NPT / EPT条目映射的页面进行修改时，进行TLB的更改，使得TLB与访客页表保持同步。因此，可以可靠地执行虚拟化计算机系统的虚拟机的记录/重放，而不会由与访客页表不同步的失效TLB引入非确定性。

18. 发明授权

US07844954B2 Using branch instruction counts to facilitate replay of virtual machine instruction execution 有权
标题翻译：使用分支指令计数来促进虚拟机指令执行的重放
公开(公告)号：US07844954B2
公开(公告)日：2010-11-30
申请号：US12057282
申请日：2008-03-27
申请人： Ganesh Venkitachalam , Michael Nelson , Boris Weissman , Min Xu , Vyacheslav V. Malyugin
发明人： Ganesh Venkitachalam , Michael Nelson , Boris Weissman , Min Xu , Vyacheslav V. Malyugin
IPC分类号： G06F9/44
CPC分类号： G06F11/3636 , G06F9/45558 , G06F2009/45591
摘要： A method and computer program product for logging non-deterministic events of a virtual machine executing a sequence guest instructions, the method including tracking an execution point in the sequence of executing guest instructions, the tracking of the execution point including determining a branch count of executed branch instructions; and detecting an occurrence of a non-deterministic event directed to the virtual machine during execution of the sequence of guest instructions, and recording information which includes an identifier of a current execution point, wherein the identifier includes the branch count.
摘要翻译：一种用于记录执行序列访客指令的虚拟机的非确定性事件的方法和计算机程序产品，所述方法包括跟踪执行访客指令序列中的执行点，执行点的跟踪包括确定执行的分支计数分支指示; 以及在执行所述访客指令序列期间检测指向所述虚拟机的非确定性事件的发生，以及记录包括当前执行点的标识符的信息，其中所述标识符包括所述分支计数。

19. 发明申请

US20100005464A1 EFFICIENT RECORDING AND REPLAYING OF NON-DETERMINISTIC INSTRUCTIONS IN A VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CPU THEREFOR 有权
标题翻译：虚拟机和CPU中的非确定性指令的有效记录和更换
公开(公告)号：US20100005464A1
公开(公告)日：2010-01-07
申请号：US12167782
申请日：2008-07-03
申请人： Vyacheslav V. Malyugin , Min Xu , Boris Weissman , Ganesh Venkitachalam , Alexander Klaiber
发明人： Vyacheslav V. Malyugin , Min Xu , Boris Weissman , Ganesh Venkitachalam , Alexander Klaiber
IPC分类号： G06F9/46
CPC分类号： G06F9/30145 , G06F9/3005 , G06F9/45533 , G06F11/301 , G06F11/3024 , G06F11/3414 , G06F11/3476
摘要： The output of a non-deterministic instruction is handled during record and replay in a virtual machine. An output of a non-deterministic instruction is stored to a buffer during record mode and retrieved from a buffer during replay mode without exiting to the hypervisor. At least part of the contents of the buffer can be stored to a log when the buffer is full during record mode, and the buffer can be replenished from a log when the buffer is empty during replay mode.
摘要翻译：非确定性指令的输出在虚拟机中的记录和重放期间被处理。非确定性指令的输出在记录模式下被存储到缓冲器，并且在重放模式期间从缓冲器检索，而不退出管理程序。当缓冲区在记录模式期间满时，缓冲区内容的至少一部分可以存储到日志中，并且当缓冲区在重放模式期间为空时，缓冲区可以从日志补充。

20. 发明授权

US09459895B2 Virtual machine fault tolerance 有权
标题翻译：虚拟机容错
公开(公告)号：US09459895B2
公开(公告)日：2016-10-04
申请号：US13471616
申请日：2012-05-15
申请人： Ganesh Venkitachalam , Rohit Jain , Boris Weissman , Daniel J. Scales , Vyacheslav Malyugin , Jeffrey W. Sheldon , Min Xu
发明人： Ganesh Venkitachalam , Rohit Jain , Boris Weissman , Daniel J. Scales , Vyacheslav Malyugin , Jeffrey W. Sheldon , Min Xu
IPC分类号： G06F9/455 , G06F11/07
CPC分类号： G06F11/1658 , G06F9/45533 , G06F9/45558 , G06F9/4881 , G06F11/0712 , G06F11/0766 , G06F11/079 , G06F2009/45579 , G06F2009/45591 , G06F2201/805 , G06F2201/815 , G06F2201/82
摘要： In a computer system running at least a first virtual machine (VM) and a second VM on virtualization software, a computer implemented method for the second VM to provide quasi-lockstep fault tolerance for the first VM. The method includes enabling operations of the second VM to diverge from being in lockstep with operations with the first VM without resynchronizing the second VM with the first VM, if output of the second VM is not diverging from output of the first VM. The output of the second VM is compared with the output of the first VM to determine whether the output of the second VM has diverged from the output of the first VM. In response to a determination that the output of the second VM has diverged from the output of the first VM, a resynchronization of the second VM is executed.
摘要翻译：在运行虚拟化软件上的至少第一虚拟机（VM）和第二虚拟机的计算机系统中，用于所述第二虚拟机为所述第一虚拟机提供准锁步骤容错的计算机实现的方法。该方法包括如果第二VM的输出不与第一VM的输出分离，则第二VM的启用操作使得与第一VM的操作不同步，而不与第一VM重新同步第二VM。将第二VM的输出与第一VM的输出进行比较，以确定第二个VM的输出是否与第一个VM的输出分离。响应于确定第二VM的输出已经从第一VM的输出分离，执行第二VM的重新同步。

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