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121. 发明授权

US5710429A Ultrafast optical imaging of objects in or behind scattering media 失效
标题翻译：散射介质中或其后的物体的超快光学成像
公开(公告)号：US5710429A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-20
申请号：US419623
申请日：1995-04-06
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Feng Liu , Quan-Zhen Wang , Ping P. Ho , Leming M. Wang , Xiangchun Liang
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Feng Liu , Quan-Zhen Wang , Ping P. Ho , Leming M. Wang , Xiangchun Liang
IPC分类号： G01N21/49 , G01N21/59
CPC分类号： G01N21/49
摘要： A system for imaging an object in or behind a highly scattering medium includes a light source for illuminating the highly scattering medium with a beam of light. The light emerging form the highly scattering medium consists of a ballistic component, snake-like component and a diffuse component. A 4F Fourier imaging system including a Fourier spatial filter located at 2F is used to form a time gated image of the emerging light, the time gated image consisting primarily of the ballistic component and the snake-like component.
摘要翻译：用于对高散射介质中或其后面的物体进行成像的系统包括用光束照射高散射介质的光源。由高弹性介质形成的光由弹道组件，蛇形部件和扩散部件组成。使用包括位于2F的傅立叶空间滤波器的4F傅立叶成像系统来形成新出现的光的时间门控图像，时间门控图像主要由弹道分量和蛇形分量组成。

122. 发明授权

US5625458A Method and system for imaging objects in turbid media using diffusive fermat photons 失效
标题翻译：使用漫射费马光子在浑浊介质中成像物体的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5625458A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-29
申请号：US384112
申请日：1995-02-03
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Alexander Y. Polishchuk
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Alexander Y. Polishchuk
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/47 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0091 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/4312 , G01N21/4795 , A61B5/0042 , A61B5/0073
摘要： A method for imaging objects in turbid media. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of (a) illuminating the object through the turbid medium with a pulse of light, the light emergent from the turbid medium consisting of a ballistic component, a snake-like component and a diffusive component, the diffusive component including Fermat photons and non-Fermat photons; (b) gating the light emergent from the turbid medium to preferentially select Fermat photons; and (c) forming an image of the object using the gated light. Preferably, a spatial gate is used to preferentially select Fermat photons from the emergent light. This may be done by orienting the source of the illuminating light and a light detector to lie along a most favorable path travelled predominately by Fermat photons. A time gate, such as a streak camera or the like, may be used in addition to the spatial gate to more carefully select Fermat photons from the emergent light. The above-described method may also be used to produce a tomography map of a turbid medium for use in detecting an object located within the turbid medium. This may be done, for example, by providing two or more pairs of light sources and light detectors which are arranged to provide intersecting most favorable paths. The present invention is also directed to systems constructed in accordance with the foregoing methods.
摘要翻译：用于在浑浊介质中成像物体的方法。根据本发明的一个实施例，该方法包括以下步骤：（a）用光脉冲照射物体通过混浊介质，光从浑浊介质中流出，该混浊介质由弹道组件，蛇形部件和扩散成分，扩散成分包括费马光子和非费马光子; （b）选择从混浊介质出射的光，优先选择费马光子; 和（c）使用门控光形成对象的图像。优选地，使用空间门来从出射光优先选择费马光子。这可以通过将照明光源和光检测器定向为沿着主要由费马特光子行进的最有利的路径来进行。除了空间门之外，还可以使用诸如条纹照相机等的时间门，以从出射光中更仔细地选择费马光子。上述方法还可以用于产生用于检测位于混浊介质内的物体的混浊介质的断层图。这可以例如通过提供两对或更多对光源和光检测器来完成，这些光源和光检测器布置成提供相交最有利的路径。本发明还涉及根据前述方法构造的系统。

123. 发明授权

US5463485A Terahertz repetition rate optical computing systems, and communication systems and logic elements using cross-phase modulation based optical processors 失效
标题翻译：太赫兹重复率光学计算系统，以及使用基于交叉相位调制的光学处理器的通信系统和逻辑元件
公开(公告)号：US5463485A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-31
申请号：US259877
申请日：1994-06-15
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho , Patrice Baldeck
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho , Patrice Baldeck
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02F1/29 , G02F1/35 , G02F1/355 , G02F2/00 , G02F2/02 , G02F3/00 , H04B10/04 , H04B10/06 , H04B10/142 , H04B10/152 , G02F1/39
CPC分类号： G02F1/293 , G02F1/3515 , G02F2/004 , G02F2/02 , G02F3/00 , G02F1/3511
摘要： Optical communication systems, optical computing systems and optical logic elements which rely on the phenomina of cross-phase modulation to alter and control, either or simultaneously, the spectral, temporal or/and spatial properties of ultrashort light pulses for processing information with high speed repetition rates. A weak beam of ultrashort light pulses is modulated by an intense beam of ultrashort light pulses by copropagating both beams through a non-linear medium such that cross-phase modulation effects are realized.
摘要翻译：光通信系统，光学计算系统和光学逻辑元件，其依赖于交叉相位调制的方式来改变和控制超短光脉冲的光谱，时间或/和空间属性，用于处理具有高速重复的信息价格。超短光脉冲的弱光束由强光束的超短光脉冲调制，通过将两束光束共同传播通过非线性介质，从而实现交叉相位调制效应。

124. 发明授权

US5413108A Method and apparatus for mapping a tissue sample for and distinguishing different regions thereof based on luminescence measurements of cancer-indicative native fluorophor 失效
标题翻译：基于癌症指示性天然氟荧光体的发光测量法，用于绘制组织样本并鉴别其不同区域的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5413108A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-09
申请号：US51014
申请日：1993-04-21
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/64 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： G01N21/6456 , A61B5/0071 , A61B5/0084 , G01N21/6486 , G01N2021/6419 , G01N2021/6471 , G01N2021/6484
摘要： A method and apparatus for examining a two-dimensional region of a tissue sample. This is accomplished, according to one embodiment of the invention, by illuminating, i.e., exciting, the two-dimensional tissue sample with light at a first wavelength. The resultant fluorescence is then measured at an emission wavelength as a function of location within the two-dimensional tissue sample. The two-dimensional tissue sample is then illuminated again with light at a second wavelength, and the resultant fluorescence is measured at the same emission wavelength. The two excitation wavelengths and the emission wavelength are appropriately chosen so that the ratio or difference of fluorescence intensities at the emission wavelength is indicative of the carcinomatous condition of the tissue. A value, such as a ratio or difference, of the respective intensity measurements obtained at each location of the tissue sample is then calculated. These values are then compared to appropriate standards, and the results are depicted in the form of a map. The invention is premised on the discovery that certain native, commonly-occuring molecules, such as collagen, NAD+/NADH, NADP+/NADPH, flavins, tryptophan, and elastin, fluoresce differently in cancerous tissue than in non-cancerous tissue.
摘要翻译：一种用于检查组织样本的二维区域的方法和装置。根据本发明的一个实施例，通过用第一波长的光照亮（即激发）二维组织样本，这是完成的。然后在发射波长下测量所得荧光作为二维组织样品内的位置的函数。然后用第二波长的光再次照射二维组织样品，并且以相同的发射波长测量所得荧光。适当地选择两个激发波长和发射波长，使得发射波长处的荧光强度的比率或差异表示组织的致癌状态。然后计算在组织样本的每个位置处获得的各个强度测量值（例如比率或差异）的值。然后将这些值与适当的标准进行比较，结果以地图的形式进行描述。本发明的前提是以下发现：某些天然的，常见的分子，例如胶原，NAD + / NADH，NADP + / NADPH，黄素，色氨酸和弹性蛋白在癌组织中与非癌组织中的荧光发生不同。

125. 发明授权

US5373381A Terahertz repetition rate optical computing systems, and communication systems and logic elements using cross-phase modulation based optical processors 失效
标题翻译：太赫兹重复率光学计算系统，以及使用基于交叉相位调制的光学处理器的通信系统和逻辑元件
公开(公告)号：US5373381A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-13
申请号：US806170
申请日：1991-12-12
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho , Patrice Baldeck
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho , Patrice Baldeck
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02F1/29 , G02F1/35 , G02F1/355 , G02F2/00 , G02F2/02 , G02F3/00 , H04B10/04 , H04B10/06 , H04B10/142 , H04B10/152
CPC分类号： G02F1/293 , G02F1/3515 , G02F2/004 , G02F2/02 , G02F3/00 , G02F1/3511
摘要： Optical communication systems, optical computing systems and optical logic elements which rely on the phenomina of cross-phase modulation to alter and control, either or simultaneously, the spectral, temporal or/and spatial properties of ultrashort light pulses for processing information with high speed repetition rates. A weak beam of ultrashort light pulses is modulated by an intense beam of ultrashort light pulses by copropagating both beams through a non-linear medium such that cross-phase modulation effects are realized.
摘要翻译：光通信系统，光学计算系统和光学逻辑元件，其依赖于交叉相位调制的方式来改变和控制超短光脉冲的光谱，时间或/和空间属性，用于处理具有高速重复的信息价格。超短光脉冲的弱光束由强光束的超短光脉冲调制，通过将两束光束共同传播通过非线性介质，从而实现交叉相位调制效应。

126. 发明授权

US5323260A Method and system for compressing and amplifying ultrashort laser pulses 失效
标题翻译：用于压缩和放大超短激光脉冲的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5323260A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-21
申请号：US847488
申请日：1992-03-09
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping P. Ho , Quan-Zhen Wang
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping P. Ho , Quan-Zhen Wang
IPC分类号： G02F1/35 , H01S3/00 , H04B10/14
CPC分类号： H01S3/0057 , G02F1/3513
摘要： A method and system for compressing and amplifying light pulses using degenerate cross-phase modulation and degenerate four-wave mixing. A probe pulse and a pair of pump pulses are arranged so as to copropogate in condensed matter with the pump pulses having the same frequency as the probe pulse. The first pump pulse overlaps with the front end of the probe pulse while, the second pump pulse overlaps with the tail end of the probe pulse. The probe pulse is linearly polarized. The pump pulses are orthogonally polarized relative to the probe pulse so that they can be filtered out using a polarizer and have a greater intensity than the probe pulse. The propagation constant mismatch between the probe pulse and the pump pulses is equal to about zero.
摘要翻译：使用简并交叉相位调制和简并四波混频压缩和放大光脉冲的方法和系统。布置探针脉冲和一对泵浦脉冲，以便与具有与探针脉冲相同频率的泵浦脉冲与冷凝物质相当地聚焦。第一泵浦脉冲与探头脉冲的前端重叠，而第二泵脉冲与探针脉冲的尾端重叠。探针脉冲是线偏振的。泵浦脉冲相对于探针脉冲正交极化，使得它们可以使用偏振器被滤出并且具有比探针脉冲更大的强度。探头脉冲和泵浦脉冲之间的传播常数不匹配等于大约零。

127. 发明授权

US5261410A Method for determining if a tissue is a malignant tumor tissue, a benign tumor tissue, or a normal or benign tissue using Raman spectroscopy 失效
标题翻译：使用拉曼光谱法确定组织是否为恶性肿瘤组织，良性肿瘤组织或正常或良性组织的方法
公开(公告)号：US5261410A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-16
申请号：US651449
申请日：1991-02-07
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Cheng H. Liu , Wenling S. Glassman
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Cheng H. Liu , Wenling S. Glassman
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/65 , A61B6/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0091 , A61B5/0075 , A61B5/0086 , A61B5/4312 , G01N21/65 , G01N2021/656
摘要： A method for determining if a tissue is a malignant tumor tissue, a benign tumor tissue, or a normal or benign tissue. The present method is based on the discovery that, when irradiated with a beam of infrared, monochromatic light, malignant tumor tissue, benign tumor tissue, and normal or benign tissue produce distinguishable Raman spectra. For human breast tissue, some salient differences in the respective Raman spectra are the presence of four Raman bands at a Raman shift of about 1078, 1300, 1445, and 1651 cm.sup.-1 for normal or benign tissue, the presence of three Raman bands at a Raman shift of about 1240, 1445, and 1659 cm.sup.-1 for benign tumor tissue, and the presence of two Raman bands at a Raman shift of about 1445 and 1651 cm.sup.-1 for malignant tumor tissue. In addition, it was discovered that for human breast tissue the ratio of intensities of the Raman bands at a Raman shift of about 1445 and 1659 cm.sup.-1 is about 1.25 for normal or benign tissue, about 0.93 for benign tumor tissue, and about 0.87 for malignant tumor tissue.
摘要翻译：用于确定组织是否是恶性肿瘤组织，良性肿瘤组织或正常或良性组织的方法。本发明的方法是基于这样的发现：当用红外线，单色光，恶性肿瘤组织，良性肿瘤组织和正常或良性组织照射时，产生可区分的拉曼光谱。对于人乳腺组织，相应拉曼光谱中的一些显着差异是在正常或良性组织的拉曼位移为约1078,1300,1445和1651cm -1的情况下存在四个拉曼带，存在三个拉曼带对于良性肿瘤组织，约1240,1445和1659cm-1的拉曼位移以及对于恶性肿瘤组织的拉曼位移约为1445和1651cm-1的两个拉曼带的存在。此外，发现对于人乳腺组织，对于正常组织或良性组织，拉曼位移约1445和1659cm -1处的拉曼频带的拉曼谱强度比约为1.25，良性肿瘤组织约为0.93，约为0.87 用于恶性肿瘤组织。

128. 发明授权

US5150248A Terahertz repetition rate optical computing systems, and communication systems and logic elements using cross-phase modulation based optical processors 失效
标题翻译： TERAHERTZ重复率光学计算系统，以及使用基于相位调制的光学处理器的通信系统和逻辑元件
公开(公告)号：US5150248A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-22
申请号：US382752
申请日：1989-07-21
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho , Patrice Baldeck
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Ping-Pei Ho , Patrice Baldeck
IPC分类号： G02B6/00 , G02F1/29 , G02F1/35 , G02F1/355 , G02F2/00 , G02F2/02 , G02F3/00 , H04B10/04 , H04B10/06 , H04B10/142 , H04B10/152
CPC分类号： G02F1/293 , G02F1/3515 , G02F2/004 , G02F2/02 , G02F3/00 , G02F1/3511
摘要： Optical communication systems, optical computing systems and optical logic elements which rely on the phenomena of cross-phase modulation to alter and control, either or simultaneously, the spectral, temporal or/and spatial properties of ultrashort light pulses for processing information with high speed repetition rates. A weak beam of ultrashort light pulses is modulated by an intense beam of ultrashort light pulses by copropagating both beams through a non-linear medium such that cross-phase modulation effects are realized.

129. 发明授权

US5126874A Method and apparatus for creating transient optical elements and circuits 失效
标题翻译：用于创建瞬态光学元件和电路的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5126874A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-30
申请号：US552677
申请日：1990-07-11
申请人： Robert R. Alfano , Yao Li , P. L. Baldeck
发明人： Robert R. Alfano , Yao Li , P. L. Baldeck
IPC分类号： G02F1/35
CPC分类号： G02F1/3515 , G02F1/3511
摘要： A transient optical element is created by providing a body of a third order non-linear material and then passing a pulse of light through the body of non-linear material. The pulse of light has a cross-sectional area corresponding to the cross-sectional area of the transient optical element to be created and power sufficient to induce an index of refraction change over the portion of the body of non-linear material through which it passes. The portion of the body of non-linear material having the induced index of refraction change constitutes the transient optical element with the duration of the transient optical element depending on the response time of the non-linear material and the duration of pulse of light. Typical optical elements that can be so created include prisms, lenses, gratings, mirrors, beamsplitters and wave guides. By forming a plurality of optical elements within the third order non-linear material rather than simply a single optical element, a transient optical circuit can be created.

130. 发明授权

US5042494A Method and apparatus for detecting cancerous tissue using luminescence excitation spectra 失效
标题翻译：使用发光激发光谱检测癌组织的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5042494A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-27
申请号：US449510
申请日：1989-12-04
申请人： Robert R. Alfano
发明人： Robert R. Alfano
IPC分类号： A61B5/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/0059
摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting the presence of cancerous tissue using native visible luminescence. The tissue to be examined is excited with a beam of monochromatic light that causes the tissue to fluoresce over a spectrum of wavelengths. The intensity at which the excited tissue fluoresces can be measured either over a spectrum or at a predetermined number of preselected wavelengths. By determining the wavelength(s) at which maximum intensity(ies) are attained for the tissue in question and by comparing these peak wavelengths, either visually or electronically, to the peak wavelength(s) derived from a known non-cancerous tissue, or by comparing the luminescence spectrum of the excited tissue with the luminescence spectrum of a known noncancerous tissue and/or known cancerous tissue or the excitation spectra of the excited tissue with the excitation spectra of known cancerous and/or known non-cancerous tissue one can determine the carcinomatoid status of the tissue in question. Once it has been determined that the tissue is cancerous, it may by destroyed by ablation by exposing it to a beam of light from a high power laser. The invention is based on the discovery that the visible luminescence spectra for cancerous and non-cancerous tissue are substantially different and that the differences are such that visible luminescence from tissue can be used to detect the presence of cancer and also on the discovery spectral profiles of excitation spectra are similarly different.
摘要翻译：使用天然可见发光检测癌组织存在的方法和装置。被检查的组织被一束单色光激发，使得组织在波长范围内发出荧光。激发的组织荧光的强度可以在光谱上或在预定数量的预选波长下测量。通过确定对于所讨论的组织获得最大强度的波长，以及通过视觉上或电子方式将这些峰值波长与从已知非癌组织衍生的峰值波长进行比较，或通过将已激发的组织的发光光谱与已知的非癌组织和/或已知的癌组织的发光光谱或激发的组织的激发光谱与已知的癌和/或已知非癌组织的激发光谱进行比较，可以确定所讨论的组织的癌细胞状态。一旦确定组织是癌性的，则可能通过将其暴露于来自高功率激光的光束而被消融破坏。本发明基于以下发现：对于癌性和非癌性组织的可见发光光谱具有显着差异，并且差异使得可以使用来自组织的可见发光来检测癌症的存在，并且还可以根据发现的光谱特征激发光谱类似地不同。

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