The invention discloses a calibration method and a calibration system. The calibration method and the calibration system are used for calibrating mechanical errors of an XY transverse moving mechanism. The calibration method comprises the steps that the calibration system is provided; a camera is used for visually identifying the first initial position of a calibration tool in a camera coordinatesystem; the XY transverse moving mechanism and a robot are controlled to move by the same first distance along the X axis in a manner of facing the same direction; the camera is used for visually identifying the first end position of the calibration tool in the camera coordinate system; and the difference between the first initial position and the first end position is used for serving as the first position error of the XY transverse moving mechanism during moving along the X axis, the first position error is used for carrying out position compensation on the XY transverse moving mechanism, and the position precision of the XY transverse moving mechanism during moving along the X axis reaches the position precision of the robot during moving along the X axis. Through the method and the system, the XY transverse moving mechanism is calibrated, the position precision during moving of the XY transverse moving mechanism reaches the position precision of the robot during moving, and the manufacturing precision of the product can be improved.