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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Process for the solvent extraction of solid carbon-containing materials,
principally coal
    • 溶剂萃取固体含碳材料的方法,主要是煤
    • US4224136A
    • 1980-09-23
    • US958483
    • 1978-11-07
    • Heinz M. zu KockerJurgen Tietze
    • Heinz M. zu KockerJurgen Tietze
    • C10L9/04C10G1/04C10G1/06
    • C10G1/042
    • A solid carbonaceous material principally coal is subjected to a solvent extraction by[a] introducing a hydrogen donor-solvent and the carbonaceous particulate material into a generally vertically directed extraction zone at an elevated pressure;[b] imparting a continuous generally upwards directed flow to said solvent, the solvent being at a temperature above the softening temperature of the said particles and the pressure being higher than the vapor pressure of the solvent at said temperature, the flow velocity of the solvent being sufficient to cause fluidization of said particles;[c] withdrawing the solvent together with the formed extract continuously at the top of the extraction zone while preventing the entrainment of solid particles;[d] effecting the separation of the extract and solvent outside said extraction zone;[e] removing the remaining solid particles together with residual extract-free or extract-lean solvent from the extraction zone separate from the withdrawal at [c]; and[f] separating the solvent removed at [e] from the solid particles.
    • 通过[a]在高压下将氢供体 - 溶剂和碳质颗粒材料引入一般垂直取向的萃取区,将固体碳质材料主要进行溶剂萃取; [b]向所述溶剂施加连续的大致向上的流动,溶剂处于高于所述颗粒的软化温度的温度,并且压力高于溶剂在所述温度下的蒸气压,溶剂的流速 足以引起所述颗粒的流化; [c]在提取区的顶部连续地将所形成的提取物与所形成的提取物一起取出,同时防止固体颗粒的夹带; [d]在所述提取区域之外实现提取物和溶剂的分离; [e]将残留的固体颗粒与残留的无萃取物或贫提取物的溶剂从[c]分离出来的提取区除去; 和[f]将在[e]处除去的溶剂与固体颗粒分离。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Dual temperature coal solvation process
    • 双温煤溶剂化工艺
    • US3892654A
    • 1975-07-01
    • US44697174
    • 1974-03-04
    • US INTERIOR
    • WRIGHT CHARLES HPASTOR GERALD R
    • C10L9/04C01G1/00C10G1/00C10G1/06
    • C10G1/065C10G1/006
    • A solvation process for producing deashed solid and liquid hydrocarbonaceous fuel from coal. Raw coal is slurried with a solvent comprising hydroaromatic compounds in contact with hydrogen in a first zone at a relatively high temperature to dissolve hydrocarbonaceous fuel from coal minerals by transfer of hydrogen from hydroaromatic solvent compounds to hydrocarbonaceous material in the coal. The solvent is then treated with hydrogen in a second zone at a lower temperature to replenish the solvent with hydrogen. Forced cooling of the slurry between zones accomplishes many significant improvements in the process.
    • 用于从煤生产脱沥青的固体和液体含烃燃料的溶剂化方法。 原煤在相对较高的温度下在第一区域中与包含与氢接触的水溶性化合物的溶剂制浆,以通过将氢气从水溶性芳族溶剂化合物转移到煤中的含烃材料来溶解来自煤矿物质的烃类燃料。 然后在较低温度的第二区域用氢气处理溶剂,以用氢气补充溶剂。 区域之间的浆料的强制冷却在该过程中实现了许多显着的改进。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Production and use of a premium fuel grade petroleum coke
    • 生产和使用优质燃油级石油焦
    • US09475992B2
    • 2016-10-25
    • US11178932
    • 2005-07-11
    • Roger G. Etter
    • Roger G. Etter
    • C10B57/06C10B55/00C10B57/00C10G9/00C10L5/00C10L9/00C10L9/02C10L9/04C10L9/10
    • C10B57/06C10B55/00C10B57/005C10G9/005C10L5/00C10L9/00C10L9/02C10L9/04C10L9/10
    • A premium “fuel-grade” petroleum coke is produced by modifying petroleum coking technology. Coking process parameters are controlled to consistently produce petroleum coke within a predetermined range for volatile combustible material (VCM) content. The invention includes a process of producing a coke fuel, the method comprising steps: (a) obtaining a coke precursor material derived from crude oil and having a volatile organic component; and (b) subjecting the coke precursor material to a thermal cracking process for sufficient time and at sufficient temperature and under sufficient pressure so as to produce a coke product having volatile combustible materials (VCMs) present in an amount in the range of from about 13% to about 50% by weight. Most preferably, the volatile combustible materials in the coke product typically may be in the range of from about 15% to about 30% by weight. The present invention also provides methods for (1) altering the coke crystalline structure, (2) improving the quality of the coke VCM, and (3) reducing the concentration of coke contaminants. Fuels made from the inventive coke product and methods of producing energy through the combustion of such fuels are also included. Finally, novel environmental control techniques are developed to take optimal advantage of the unique characteristics of this upgraded petroleum coke.
    • 通过改进石油焦化技术生产优质的“燃料级”石油焦炭。 控制焦化工艺参数以在挥发性可燃材料(VCM)含量的预定范围内始终生产石油焦炭。 本发明包括生产焦炭燃料的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)获得源自原油并具有挥发性有机成分的焦炭前体物质; 和(b)将焦炭前体材料进行热裂解过程足够的时间并在足够的温度和足够的压力下,以产生具有挥发性可燃材料(VCM)的焦炭产品,其量为约13 %至约50重量%。 最优选地,焦炭产品中的挥发性可燃材料通常可以在约15重量%至约30重量%的范围内。 本发明还提供了(1)改变焦炭晶体结构的方法,(2)提高焦炭VCM的质量,和(3)降低焦炭污染物的浓度。 还包括由本发明焦炭产品制成的燃料和通过燃烧燃烧产生能量的方法。 最后,开发出新颖的环境控制技术,以优化这种升级的石油焦的独特特征。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Process for refining carbonaceous fuels
    • 炼制碳燃料的方法
    • US3808119A
    • 1974-04-30
    • US29709372
    • 1972-10-12
    • PITTSBURGH MIDWAY COAL MININGINTERIOR
    • BULL WSCHMID B
    • C10L9/08C10G1/00C10G1/04C10G1/06C10J3/72C10L9/02C10L9/04
    • C10G1/04C10G1/065
    • HYDROGEN THE UNDISSOLVED PORTION OF THE TREATED CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL IS MORE READILY SEPARATED FROM THE SOLUTION CONTAINING THE UPGRADED CARBONACEOUS FUEL. IN ADDITION, WHEN SUBBITUMINOUS COAL OR LIGNITE IS TREATED BY THE METHOD OF THIS INVENTION, THE CONVERSION THEREOF AND THE YIELD OF UPGRADED CARBONACEOUS FUEL AS WELL AS THE YIELD OF THE LIQUID BY-PRODUCTS IS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED. MOREOVER, WHEN A GASEOUS MIXTURE COMPRISING CARBON MONOXIDE, STEAM AND HYDROGEN IS EMPLOYED, AN UPGRADED FUEL HAVING A LOWER ASH CONTENT IS, GENERALLY, OBTAINED.
      AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING A LOW-ASH, LOWOXYGEN, LOW-SULFUR CARBONACEOUS FUEL WHEREIN AT LEAST A PORTION OF THE AVAILABLE FUEL FRACTION OF A CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL CONTAINING ASH, OXYGEN AND/OR SULFUR IS DISSOLVEC D IN A SUITABLE AROMATIC SOLVENT IN THE PRESENCE OF A GASEOUS MIXTURE COMPRISING EITHER CARBON MONOXIDE AND STEAM OR CARBON MONOXIDE, STEAM AND HYDROGEN. IT IS ESSENTIAL TO THE PRESENT INVENTION THAT THE SOLVATION BE EFFECTED WITHIN A RELATIVELY NARROW RANGE OF TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES AND THAT THE PERIOD OF TIME AT WHICH THE CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL IS IN CONTACT WITH THE SOLVENT AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES BE LIMITED WITHIN A RELATIVELY NARROW RANGE. IN A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT, THE CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL TO BE TREATED BY THE METHOD OF THIS INVENTION WILL BE GROUND AND SLURRIED WITH THE SOLVENT PRIOR TO TREATMENT. MOREOVER, IT IS PREFERRED THAT THE AROMATIC SOLVENT EMPLOYED TO BE DERIVED FROM A CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL HAVING THE SAME OR SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME COMPOSITION AS THAT BEING TREATED. PRODUCTION OF A LOW-ASH, LOWOXYGEN, LOW-SULFUR CARBONACEOUS FUEL BY THE METHOD OF THE PRESENT INVENTION RESULTS IN HIGHER YIELDS OF THE MORE VALUABLE PRODUCTS AND IN PRODUCTS HAVING HIGHER HYDROGEN CONTENTS THAN WHEN HYDROGEN ALONE IS PRESENT DURING THE SOLVATION STEP. MOREOVER, BY USING A MIXTURE OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND STEAM OR CARBON MONOXIDE, STEAM AND