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    • 1. 发明授权
      US3659132A Liquid-metal arc switching device and process 失效
    • Liquid-metal arc switching device and process
    • US3659132A
    • 1972-04-25
    • US3659132D
    • 1970-07-02
    • HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO
    • ECKHARDT WILFRIED O
    • H01J13/04 , H01J13/32 , H01J13/00
    • H01J13/32 , H01J13/04 , H01J2893/0089
    • The electrical switch device has an envelope in which is mounted a force-fed liquid-metal cathode, an anode, a condenser which may or may not be subdivided for voltage grading purposes and, in the preferred embodiment, electrical shielding means for the condenser. The cathode is capable of very high electron-to-atom emission ratio. The required value for the electron-to-atom emission ratio is above 50 to 1. When arcing occurs from the liquid metal, a plasma jet of electrons, ions, and neutral particles is emitted from the arc spot. In addition, during arcing as well as non-arcing periods, some of the liquid metal evaporates from the cathode. This evaporation occurs into a much larger solid angle than that subtended by the plasma jet. The anode is mounted facing the cathode and it intercepts the plasma jet, thus permitting current conduction between anode and cathode with minimum voltage drop. The anode is kept at an elevated temperature, so that none of the ions and neutrals of the impinging plasma jet can remain condensed on it. They are immediately re-evaporated, including the ions after they have been neutralized. The condenser has a very much larger area than the exposed liquid metal area on the cathode, at least 100 times the exposed liquid metal area to dominate the equilibrium and it is kept at a low enough temperature to efficiently condense the liquid-metal vapor emitted by the cathode. With mercury used as the liquid metal, the condenser temperature is kept substantially below 0*, preferably at about -35* C, which is just above the melting point of mercury. The combination of the high electronto-atom emission ratio of the cathode with the large, low temperature condenser results in an equilibrium background pressure (i.e., pressure outside the plasma jet) of at least as low as 10 3 Torr during arcing and lower than 10 4 Torr during non-arcing periods. This low background pressure, in turn, permits the essentially unperturbed propagation of the plasma jet between the cathode and the anode surface upon which it impinges. Such a discharge mode is commonly referred to as a ''''vacuum arc''''. The fact that the plasma jet is emitted only during arcing and that the pressure within the space surrounding this jet is kept low, results in the ability to hold off electric fields up to 50 kV per centimeter between anode and cathode immediately after cessation of arcing. Arcing may cease because of a zero in the current fed to the switching device, as in conventional arc devices, or it may cease due to depletion of the liquid metal available for arcing on the surface of the force-fed cathode. In the latter case, the current fed to the switching device is forcibly interrupted. The process employs these characteristics for switching.
    • 基本信息 添加关注 加入工作空间 PDF全文 PDF下载 全文下载 相似专利 双屏查看 权利要求书 说明书全文 Espacenet 法律信息 同族专利 专利引用
    • 3. 发明授权
      US3157820A Gas-filled liquid cathode elongated rectifier having condenser chamber and automatictank cooling means therefor 失效
    • Gas-filled liquid cathode elongated rectifier having condenser chamber and automatictank cooling means therefor
    • 具有冷凝器室和自动冷却槽冷却装置的充气液体阴极细长整流器
    • US3157820A
    • 1964-11-17
    • US6337560
    • 1960-10-18
    • ASEA AB
    • BIRGER FUNKE , RUNE SAMUELSSON
    • G05D23/24 , H01J13/32
    • G05D23/2456 , H01J13/32
    • 900,894. Automatic temperature-control systems. ALLMANNA SVENSKA ELEKTRISKA A.B. Oct. 27, 1960 [Oct. 28, 1959], No. 36864/60. Class 38 (4). [Also in Group XL (a)] In a method of cooling the condensing chamber of a liquid cathode rectifier having a long, preferably horizontal, tank in which a current of cooling air is led longitudinally along the tank through a casing 2 surrounding the tank, a circuit sensitive to the temperature of the tank causes complete interruption of the air current when the temperature of the tank decreases to a fixed value and causes the current of air to be restored to full velocity when the temperature increases to a higher value. A thermistor 5 is placed half-way along the tank and is connected to the secondary 9 of a transformer, the two primaries 7, 8 of which and two resistances 13, 14 form an A.C. bridge circuit which is the control circuit of a 2-step amplifier. The bridge circuit output 17, 18 is fed via rectifier 33 to windings 31, 33 to increase the inductance of one and decrease the inductance of the other of two transductors 25, 25 1 and so to energize or de-energize two-phase motor 30 to open or close damper 4. The transductors form the other step of the amplifier and are supplied via rectifier 24, variable resistances 28, 29, and windings 26, 27. One winding of motor 30 is fed directly, the other via condenser 34. Air is circulated by fan 3 over the rectifier tank which may have cooling ribs, the area of which increases in the direction of flow of the air current. The mercury rectifier has main anodes in one or more rows as in Specification 848,310 and a cylindrical tank. Capacitor 11 is for reactive power correction and may, if desired, be across primary 9.
    • 基本信息 添加关注 加入工作空间 PDF全文 PDF下载 全文下载 相似专利 双屏查看 权利要求书 说明书全文 Espacenet 法律信息 同族专利 专利引用
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