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1. 发明申请

US20100296818A1 COST EFFECTIVE OPTICAL TRANSMISSION WITH FAST RAMAN TILT TRANSIENT CONTROL 有权
标题翻译：具有快速拉曼倾斜瞬态控制的成本有效的光学传输
公开(公告)号：US20100296818A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-25
申请号：US12264873
申请日：2008-11-04
申请人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
发明人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
IPC分类号： H04B10/12 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： H01S3/302 , H01S3/06758 , H01S3/10015 , H01S3/1301 , H04B10/2916
摘要： A method for cost-effective optical transmission with fast Raman tilt or other transient event control uses a combination of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs), where EDFAs are used as the primary optical amplifiers to compensate the span loss while the RFA (advantageously a forward-pumped RFA) is used only in some specific spans with a feed-forward control circuit serving as a fast Raman tilt transient compensator, the RFA also serving as an optical amplifier. A long haul optical transmission system using feed-forward controlled RFA's periodically spaced along its length, for example, when add-drop multiplexing is used, makes full use of the economics of EDFAs and the fast tilt transient control capability of a RFA enabled by an adjustable speed feed-forward or feed-back control technique.
摘要翻译：具有快速拉曼倾斜或其他瞬态事件控制的具有成本效益的光传输方法使用铒掺杂光纤放大器（EDFA）和拉曼光纤放大器（RFAs）的组合，其中EDFA用作主要光放大器以补偿跨度损失，而RFA（有利地是前馈RFA）仅在具有用作快速拉曼倾斜瞬态补偿器的前馈控制电路的某些特定跨度中使用，RFA也用作光放大器。使用前馈控制RFA的长距离光传输系统，例如当使用插入多路复用时，其长度周期性地间隔开，从而充分利用了EDFA的经济性和由RFA实现的RFA的快速倾斜瞬态控制能力可调速度前馈或反馈控制技术。

2. 发明授权

US07415206B1 Arrangement for characterizing and reducing multi-path interference (MPI) and/or optical return loss (ORL) in optical transmission links having multiple discrete reflection sources 有权
标题翻译：在具有多个离散反射源的光传输链路中表征和减少多路径干扰（MPI）和/或光回波损耗（ORL）的布置
公开(公告)号：US07415206B1
公开(公告)日：2008-08-19
申请号：US11073121
申请日：2005-03-04
申请人： Martin Birk , Xiang Zhou
发明人： Martin Birk , Xiang Zhou
IPC分类号： H04B10/08
CPC分类号： H04B10/071
摘要： In an optical transmission link having discrete optical reflection sources that cause multi path interference (MPI) and optical return loss (ORL), a method determines how to reduce to beneath a predetermined threshold, a predetermined phenomenon (MPI or ORL or a composite of the two). The method involves (408/428/458) measuring link parameters of the optical transmission link using an optical reflectometry technique, (410/430/460) calculating a level of the predetermined phenomenon based on the link parameters, and (416/436/466) simulating replacement of a number of the reflection sources until the calculated level of the predetermined phenomenon is reduced to less than the predetermined threshold. The method may be performed within a portable optical reflectometry device to facilitate field simulations.
摘要翻译：在具有引起多路径干扰（MPI）和光回波损耗（ORL）的离散光学反射源的光传输链路中，一种方法确定如何减小到预定阈值以下，预定现象（MPI或ORL或二）。该方法涉及（408/428/458）使用光学反射测量技术测量光传输链路的链路参数（410/430/460），基于链路参数来计算预定现象的级别，（416/436/458） 466）模拟多个反射源的替换，直到计算出的预定现象的水平降低到小于预定阈值。该方法可以在便携式光学反射测量装置内执行以便于现场模拟。

3. 发明授权

US07277221B2 Fast dynamic gain control in cascaded Raman fiber amplifiers 有权
公开(公告)号：US07277221B2
公开(公告)日：2007-10-02
申请号：US11424315
申请日：2006-06-15
申请人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
发明人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
IPC分类号： H01S4/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/296 , H01S3/005 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/06758 , H01S3/06766 , H01S3/0677 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/094046 , H01S3/094096 , H01S3/10007 , H01S3/10015 , H01S3/1301 , H01S3/302 , H01S2301/04 , H01S2301/06 , H04B10/2916 , H04B10/2942
摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for controlling a gain of a bidirectionally-pumped Raman fiber amplifier having both forward optical pumps and backward optical pumps. The overall gain is controlled by adjusting the forward optical pumps, while the power levels of the backward optical pumps are essentially fixed. Gain circuitry operates in an opened loop configuration and uses a predetermined function relating a power variation of at least one wavelength region with a pump power adjustment for at least one forward optical pump. Two approximate linear relationships between the input signal power variations and the required pump power adjustments are utilized in controlling the Raman fiber amplifier. Each approximate linear relationship includes at least one linear coefficient that relates a power variation for a specific wavelength region and a power adjustment of a specific Raman pump.

4. 发明申请

US20070109625A1 Fast Dynamic Gain Control in Cascaded Raman Fiber Amplifiers 有权
标题翻译：级联拉曼光纤放大器的快速动态增益控制
公开(公告)号：US20070109625A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-17
申请号：US11424309
申请日：2006-06-15
申请人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
发明人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
IPC分类号： H01S3/00
CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 , H01S3/005 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/06766 , H01S3/0677 , H01S3/094096 , H01S3/10007 , H01S3/10015 , H01S3/302 , H01S2301/04 , H01S2301/06 , H04B10/2916 , H04B10/2942 , H04B10/296
摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for controlling a gain of a bidirectionally-pumped Raman fiber amplifier having both forward optical pumps and backward optical pumps. The overall gain is controlled by adjusting the forward optical pumps, while the power levels of the backward optical pumps are essentially fixed. Gain circuitry operates in an opened loop configuration and uses a predetermined function relating a power variation of at least one wavelength region with a pump power adjustment for at least one forward optical pump. Two approximate linear relationships between the input signal power variations and the required pump power adjustments are utilized in controlling the Raman fiber amplifier. Each approximate linear relationship includes at least one linear coefficient that relates a power variation for a specific wavelength region and a power adjustment of a specific Raman pump.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于控制具有正向光泵和反向光泵的双向泵浦拉曼光纤放大器的增益的方法和装置。通过调整正向光泵来控制总体增益，而反向光泵的功率电平基本上是固定的。增益电路以开环配置工作，并且使用将至少一个波长区域的功率变化与至少一个正向光泵的泵浦功率调整相关联的预定功能。输入信号功率变化与所需泵浦功率调整之间的两个近似线性关系用于控制拉曼光纤放大器。每个近似线性关系包括至少一个线性系数，其涉及特定波长区域的功率变化和特定拉曼泵的功率调整。

5. 发明申请

US20130077967A1 Optical Networks Using Multi-spatial Mode Media 有权
标题翻译：使用多空间模式媒体的光网络
公开(公告)号：US20130077967A1
公开(公告)日：2013-03-28
申请号：US13247230
申请日：2011-09-28
申请人： Sheryl Woodward , Martin Birk , Michael Brodsky , Mark D. Feuer , Lynn E. Nelson , Xiang Zhou
发明人： Sheryl Woodward , Martin Birk , Michael Brodsky , Mark D. Feuer , Lynn E. Nelson , Xiang Zhou
IPC分类号： H04J14/04
CPC分类号： H04J14/04 , H04B10/2581 , H04B10/5053 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/0212
摘要： A fiber optic system includes a transmitter for transmitting high-speed streaming electrical data to a receiver for receiving the high-speed data. In order to transmit multiple channels in the system at high-speeds, an electrical data signal is converted into multiple optical sub-signals. Each of the multiple optical sub-signals are transmitted at the common wavelength on multi-spatial mode media. The receiver receives the multiple optical sub-signals as a multi-spatial mode optical signal and separates the multi-spatial mode optical signal into branch signals having a common wavelength. The receiver mixes each of the branch signals with optical carrier waves having the common wavelength and converts the branch signals into electrical signals. Digital signal processing is used to recover the data sub-signals which are used to recover the original data signal.
摘要翻译：光纤系统包括用于将高速流式电气数据传送到用于接收高速数据的接收器的发射器。为了在系统中以高速传输多个信道，电数据信号被转换成多个光子信号。多个光子信号中的每一个在多空间模式媒体上以公共波长传输。接收机接收多个光子信号作为多空间模式光信号，并将多空间模式光信号分离为具有共同波长的分支信号。接收器将每个分支信号与具有公共波长的光载波混合，并将分支信号转换成电信号。数字信号处理用于恢复用于恢复原始数据信号的数据子信号。

6. 发明授权

US07995269B2 Cost effective optical transmission with fast raman tilt transient control 有权
标题翻译：具有快速拉曼倾斜瞬态控制的经济高效的光传输
公开(公告)号：US07995269B2
公开(公告)日：2011-08-09
申请号：US12264873
申请日：2008-11-04
申请人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
发明人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
IPC分类号： H01S3/00
CPC分类号： H01S3/302 , H01S3/06758 , H01S3/10015 , H01S3/1301 , H04B10/2916
摘要： A method for cost-effective optical transmission with fast Raman tilt or other transient event control uses a combination of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs), where EDFAs are used as the primary optical amplifiers to compensate the span loss while the RFA (advantageously a forward-pumped RFA) is used only in some specific spans with a feed-forward control circuit serving as a fast Raman tilt transient compensator, the RFA also serving as an optical amplifier. A long haul optical transmission system using feed-forward controlled RFA's periodically spaced along its length, for example, when add-drop multiplexing is used, makes full use of the economics of EDFAs and the fast tilt transient control capability of a RFA enabled by an adjustable speed feed-forward or feed-back control technique.
摘要翻译：具有快速拉曼倾斜或其他瞬态事件控制的具有成本效益的光传输方法使用铒掺杂光纤放大器（EDFA）和拉曼光纤放大器（RFAs）的组合，其中EDFA用作主要光放大器以补偿跨度损失，而RFA（有利地是前馈RFA）仅在具有用作快速拉曼倾斜瞬态补偿器的前馈控制电路的某些特定跨度中使用，RFA也用作光放大器。使用前馈控制RFA的长距离光传输系统，例如当使用插入多路复用时，其长度周期性地间隔开，从而充分利用了EDFA的经济性和由RFA实现的RFA的快速倾斜瞬态控制能力可调速度前馈或反馈控制技术。

7. 发明授权

US07898732B2 Fast dynamic gain control in a bidirectionally-pumped Raman fiber amplifier 有权
标题翻译：双向泵浦拉曼光纤放大器中的快速动态增益控制
公开(公告)号：US07898732B2
公开(公告)日：2011-03-01
申请号：US12137250
申请日：2008-06-11
申请人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
发明人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
IPC分类号： H04B10/17 , H01S3/30 , H04B10/12
CPC分类号： H01S3/302 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/094011 , H01S3/094046 , H01S3/094096 , H01S3/10015 , H01S3/1301 , H01S2301/04 , H04B10/2916 , H04B10/2942 , H04B10/296
摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for controlling a gain of a bidirectionally-pumped Raman fiber amplifier having both forward optical pumps and backward optical pumps. The overall gain is controlled by adjusting the forward optical pumps, while the power levels of the backward optical pumps are essentially fixed. Gain circuitry operates in an opened loop configuration and uses a predetermined function relating a power variation of at least one wavelength region with a pump power adjustment for at least one forward optical pump. Two approximate linear relationships between the input signal power variations and the required pump power adjustments are utilized in controlling the Raman fiber amplifier. Each approximate linear relationship includes at least one linear coefficient that relates a power variation for a specific wavelength region and a power adjustment of a specific Raman pump.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了用于控制具有正向光泵和反向光泵的双向泵浦拉曼光纤放大器的增益的方法和装置。通过调整正向光泵来控制总体增益，而反向光泵的功率电平基本上是固定的。增益电路以开环配置工作，并且使用将至少一个波长区域的功率变化与至少一个正向光泵的泵浦功率调整相关联的预定功能。输入信号功率变化与所需泵浦功率调整之间的两个近似线性关系用于控制拉曼光纤放大器。每个近似线性关系包括至少一个线性系数，其涉及特定波长区域的功率变化和特定拉曼泵的功率调整。

8. 发明申请

US20070291351A1 METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR COST EFFECTIVE OPTICAL TRANSMISSION WITH FAST RAMAN TILT TRANSIENT CONTROL 有权
公开(公告)号：US20070291351A1
公开(公告)日：2007-12-20
申请号：US11424306
申请日：2006-06-15
申请人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
发明人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
IPC分类号： H01S3/00
CPC分类号： H01S3/06758 , H01S3/094096 , H01S3/10015 , H01S3/1305 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/2375 , H01S3/302 , H01S2301/04 , H04B10/2916 , H04B10/296
摘要： A method for cost-effective optical transmission with fast Raman tilt or other transient event control uses a combination of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs), where EDFAs are used as the primary optical amplifiers to compensate the span loss while the RFA (advantageously a forward-pumped RFA) is used only in some specific spans with a feed-forward control circuit serving as a fast Raman tilt transient compensator, the RFA also serving as an optical amplifier. A long haul optical transmission system using feed-forward controlled RFA's periodically spaced along its length, for example, when add-drop multiplexing is used, makes full use of the economics of EDFAs and the fast tilt transient control capability of a RFA enabled by an adjustable speed feed-forward or feed-back control technique. In addition, the introduced RFA also performs a dynamic gain equalization function which may eliminate the need or at least reduce the number of standalone dynamic gain equalizers which are required for an ultra-long-haul (ULH) WDM system to compensate for tilt. The invention is also applicable to the common EDFA/Raman hybrid systems and to some all-Raman systems where backward-pumped RFAs are used at each span to enhance Raman transient event control speed.

9. 发明申请

US20070291349A1 METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM FOR COST EFFECTIVE OPTICAL TRANSMISSION WITH FAST RAMAN TILT TRANSIENT CONTROL 有权
标题翻译：方法，具有快速拉曼倾斜瞬态控制的有效光传输的装置和系统
公开(公告)号：US20070291349A1
公开(公告)日：2007-12-20
申请号：US11424307
申请日：2006-06-15
申请人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
发明人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
IPC分类号： H01S3/00
CPC分类号： H01S3/302 , H01S3/06758 , H01S3/10015 , H01S3/1301 , H04B10/2916
摘要： A method for cost-effective optical transmission with fast Raman tilt or other transient event control uses a combination of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs), where EDFAs are used as the primary optical amplifiers to compensate the span loss while the RFA (advantageously a forward-pumped RFA) is used only in some specific spans with a feed-forward control circuit serving as a fast Raman tilt transient compensator, the RFA also serving as an optical amplifier. A long haul optical transmission system using feed-forward controlled RFA's periodically spaced along its length, for example, when add-drop multiplexing is used, makes full use of the economics of EDFAs and the fast tilt transient control capability of a RFA enabled by an adjustable speed feed-forward or feed-back control technique. In addition, the introduced RFA also performs a dynamic gain equalization function which may eliminate the need or at least reduce the number of standalone dynamic gain equalizers which are required for an ultra-long-haul (ULH) WDM system to compensate for tilt. The invention is also applicable to the common EDFA/Raman hybrid systems and to some all-Raman systems where backward-pumped RFAs are used at each span to enhance Raman transient event control speed.
摘要翻译：具有快速拉曼倾斜或其他瞬态事件控制的具有成本效益的光传输方法使用掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）和拉曼光纤放大器（RFAs）的组合，其中EDFA用作主要光放大器以补偿跨距损失，而RFA（有利地是前馈RFA）仅在具有用作快速拉曼倾斜瞬态补偿器的前馈控制电路的某些特定跨度中使用，RFA也用作光放大器。使用前馈控制RFA的长距离光传输系统，例如当使用插入多路复用时，其长度周期性地间隔开，从而充分利用了EDFA的经济性和由RFA实现的RFA的快速倾斜瞬态控制能力可调速度前馈或反馈控制技术。此外，引入的RFA还执行动态增益均衡功能，其可以消除对超长距离（ULH）WDM系统所需的补偿倾斜的需要或至少减少独立的动态增益均衡器的数量。本发明还可应用于普通的EDFA /拉曼混合系统和一些全拉曼系统，其中在每个跨度处使用反向泵浦RFA以增强拉曼瞬态事件控制速度。

10. 发明申请

US20070258132A1 IMPROVED FEEDBACK DYNAMIC GAIN CONTROL FOR A WDM SYSTEM EMPLOYING MULTI WAVELENGTH PUMPED RAMAN FIBER AMPLIFIERS 有权
标题翻译：改进的反馈动态增益控制，用于采用多波长泵浦拉曼光纤放大器的WDM系统
公开(公告)号：US20070258132A1
公开(公告)日：2007-11-08
申请号：US11381244
申请日：2006-05-02
申请人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
发明人： Xiang Zhou , Martin Birk
IPC分类号： H01S3/00
CPC分类号： H01S3/302 , H01S3/06754 , H01S3/09408 , H01S3/1301 , H01S2301/02 , H04B10/2916
摘要： An improved feedback-based dynamic gain control technique for a WDM system employing multi-wavelength-pumped Raman fiber amplifiers (RFAs) is proposed, in which only one feedback or feed-forward signal is required for the control of multiple Raman pumps. Compared to the traditional method requiring multiple feedback signals for multiple pumps, the proposed method results in substantial simplification of the control circuit and also exhibits faster control speed. Moreover, the proposed method allows use of the total signal gain as the feedback signal, which is more robust against polarization-related issues than the traditional method using signal powers at several different channels as the feedback signals. The improved technique has advantage for dynamic gain control in a backward-pumped distributed RFA because the feedback signal may be detected right after the RFA. For feed-forward, a telemetry channel may be used to send the feed-forward signal to a feed-forward control circuit for the multiple Raman pumps. In addition, the feed-forward control technique and the feedback control technique may be used together to achieve better performance than using each of them separately to control multiple Raman pumps. Polarization-related issues may be reduced by utilizing amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise as the feedback signal for a feedback-based gain control circuit for the RFA.
摘要翻译：提出了一种用于采用多波长泵浦拉曼光纤放大器（RFAs）的WDM系统的改进的基于反馈的动态增益控制技术，其中仅需要一个反馈或前馈信号来控制多个拉曼泵。与传统方法相比，对于多个泵需要多个反馈信号，所提出的方法可以大大简化控制电路，并且还具有更快的控制速度。此外，所提出的方法允许使用总信号增益作为反馈信号，其对于偏振相关问题比在几个不同信道处使用信号功率的传统方法作为反馈信号更加鲁棒。改进的技术对于反向泵浦分布式RFA中的动态增益控制具有优势，因为可以在RFA之后正确检测反馈信号。对于前馈，可以使用遥测通道将前馈信号发送到多个拉曼泵的前馈控制电路。此外，前馈控制技术和反馈控制技术可以一起使用以实现比分别使用它们来控制多个拉曼泵更好的性能。通过利用放大的自发发射（ASE）噪声作为用于RFA的基于反馈的增益控制电路的反馈信号，可以减少极化相关问题。

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