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1. 发明授权

US4537990A Method for growing single crystals of urea 失效
标题翻译：生长尿素单晶的方法
公开(公告)号：US4537990A
公开(公告)日：1985-08-27
申请号：US478601
申请日：1983-03-24
申请人： William R. Donaldson , Chung L. Tang
发明人： William R. Donaldson , Chung L. Tang
IPC分类号： C30B7/00 , C30B7/08
CPC分类号： C30B7/00 , C30B29/54
摘要： This invention relates to growing single crystals of urea having increased dimensions on the 110-110 faces by physically restricting growth of the 111 faces of a seed crystal while precipitating urea from a saturated alcoholic solution containing ammonium bromide. In addition, this invention relates to a seed crystal holder adapted to modify crystal habit during crystal growth.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过物理上限制晶种的111面的生长，同时从含有溴化铵的饱和醇溶液中沉淀尿素，生长出在110-110个面上具有增加的尺寸的尿素单晶。此外，本发明涉及适于在晶体生长期间改变晶体习性的晶种保持器。

2. 发明授权

US5339062A High power energy transfer system utilizing high temperature superconductors 失效
标题翻译：使用高温超导体的大功率能量转移系统
公开(公告)号：US5339062A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-16
申请号：US88936
申请日：1993-07-08
申请人： William R. Donaldson , Deepnarayan Gupta , Alan M. Kadin
发明人： William R. Donaldson , Deepnarayan Gupta , Alan M. Kadin
IPC分类号： H01F6/00 , H01L39/10 , H03K3/38 , H03K3/53 , H01F1/00 , H01F36/00
CPC分类号： H03K3/53 , H01F6/005 , H01F6/006 , H01L39/10 , H03K3/38 , Y10S336/01 , Y10S505/705
摘要： Electrical energy is transferred or switched by selectively holding off the coupling of a magnetic field to a secondary inductive element (a coil) through a path which contains a high temperature superconductive element (HTS) which is capable of holding off the field when in its superconductive state notwithstanding that it is a high energy magnetic field. The HTS operates to hold off the magnetic field in accordance with the flux exclusion effect. When the HTS element is driven normal by heating with a laser pulse, the flux passes through the element and couples the field to the secondary, which may be connected to a load. A primary coil of superconducting material around the secondary coil can provide superconducting magnetic energy storage. The primary field is held off by HTS elements in the flux path to opposite ends of the secondary coil. These elements may be driven normal by laser pulses to transfer the stored magnetic energy to a load. A plurality of secondary coils, each with associated HTS elements, may be selectively coupled to the load as programmed inductive elements (PIE).
摘要翻译：通过选择性地将磁场与次级感应元件（线圈）的耦合通过包含高温超导元件（HTS）的路径来转移或切换电能，该高温超导元件（HTS）能够在其超导尽管它是高能磁场。 HTS根据磁通排除效应来操作来阻止磁场。当通过用激光脉冲加热将HTS元件驱动为正常时，磁通通过元件并将场耦合到次级，其可以连接到负载。次级线圈周围的超导材料的初级线圈可以提供超导磁能存储。初级场被HTS元件保持在通过二次线圈的相对端的通路中。这些元件可以通过激光脉冲驱动正常，以将存储的磁能转移到负载。具有相关联的HTS元件的多个次级线圈可以被编程的感应元件（PIE）选择性地耦合到负载。

3. 发明授权

US08044655B2 Pulse measurement apparatus and method 有权
标题翻译：脉冲测量装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US08044655B2
公开(公告)日：2011-10-25
申请号：US12114956
申请日：2008-05-05
申请人： John R. Marciante , William R. Donaldson , Richard G. Roides
发明人： John R. Marciante , William R. Donaldson , Richard G. Roides
IPC分类号： G01R23/16
CPC分类号： G01R29/027 , G01J11/00
摘要： An embodiment of the invention is directed to a pulse measuring system that measures a characteristic of an input pulse under test, particularly the pulse shape of a single-shot, nano-second duration, high shape-contrast optical or electrical pulse. An exemplary system includes a multi-stage, passive pulse replicator, wherein each successive stage introduces a fixed time delay to the input pulse under test, a repetitively-gated electronic sampling apparatus that acquires the pulse train including an entire waveform of each replica pulse, a processor that temporally aligns the replicated pulses, and an averager that temporally averages the replicated pulses to generate the pulse shape of the pulse under test. An embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for measuring an optical or an electrical pulse shape. The method includes the steps of passively replicating the pulse under test with a known time delay, temporally stacking the pulses, and temporally averaging the stacked pulses. An embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for increasing the dynamic range of a pulse measurement by a repetitively-gated electronic sampling device having a rated dynamic range capability, beyond the rated dynamic range of the sampling device; e.g., enhancing the dynamic range of an oscilloscope. The embodied technique can improve the SNR from about 300:1 to 1000:1. A dynamic range enhancement of four to seven bits may be achieved.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例涉及一种脉冲测量系统，其测量被测输入脉冲的特性，特别是单次，纳秒秒持续时间，高形状对比度光学或电脉冲的脉冲形状。示例性系统包括多级无源脉冲复制器，其中每个连续级向被测输入脉冲引入固定时间延迟，重复门控电子采样装置，其获取包括每个复制脉冲的整个波形的脉冲串，时间上对准复制脉冲的处理器和对复制脉冲进行时间平均以产生被测脉冲的脉冲形状的平均器。本发明的实施例涉及一种用于测量光学或电脉冲形状的方法。该方法包括以已知的时间延迟被动地复制被测脉冲的步骤，在时间上叠加脉冲，并对堆叠的脉冲进行时间平均。本发明的实施例涉及一种用于通过具有超过采样装置的额定动态范围的额定动态范围能力的重复门控电子采样装置来增加脉冲测量的动态范围的方法; 例如，增强示波器的动态范围。所体现的技术可以将SNR从约300:1提高到1000:1。可以实现四到七位的动态范围增强。

4. 发明申请

US20090072811A1 Pulse Measurement Apparatus and Method 有权
标题翻译：脉搏测量装置及方法
公开(公告)号：US20090072811A1
公开(公告)日：2009-03-19
申请号：US12114956
申请日：2008-05-05
申请人： John R. Marciante , William R. Donaldson , Richard G. Roides
发明人： John R. Marciante , William R. Donaldson , Richard G. Roides
IPC分类号： G01R23/16
CPC分类号： G01R29/027 , G01J11/00
摘要： An embodiment of the invention is directed to a pulse measuring system that measures a characteristic of an input pulse under test, particularly the pulse shape of a single-shot, nano-second duration, high shape-contrast optical or electrical pulse. An exemplary system includes a multi-stage, passive pulse replicator, wherein each successive stage introduces a fixed time delay to the input pulse under test, a repetitively-gated electronic sampling apparatus that acquires the pulse train including an entire waveform of each replica pulse, a processor that temporally aligns the replicated pulses, and an averager that temporally averages the replicated pulses to generate the pulse shape of the pulse under test. An embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for measuring an optical or an electrical pulse shape. The method includes the steps of passively replicating the pulse under test with a known time delay, temporally stacking the pulses, and temporally averaging the stacked pulses. An embodiment of the invention is directed to a method for increasing the dynamic range of a pulse measurement by a repetitively-gated electronic sampling device having a rated dynamic range capability, beyond the rated dynamic range of the sampling device; e.g., enhancing the dynamic range of an oscilloscope. The embodied technique can improve the SNR from about 300:1 to 1000:1. A dynamic range enhancement of four to seven bits may be achieved.
摘要翻译：本发明的实施例涉及一种脉冲测量系统，其测量被测输入脉冲的特性，特别是单次，纳秒秒持续时间，高形状对比度光学或电脉冲的脉冲形状。示例性系统包括多级无源脉冲复制器，其中每个连续级向被测输入脉冲引入固定时间延迟，重复门控电子采样装置，其获取包括每个复制脉冲的整个波形的脉冲串，时间上对准复制脉冲的处理器和对复制脉冲进行时间平均以产生被测脉冲的脉冲形状的平均器。本发明的实施例涉及一种用于测量光学或电脉冲形状的方法。该方法包括以已知的时间延迟被动地复制被测脉冲的步骤，在时间上叠加脉冲，并对堆叠的脉冲进行时间平均。本发明的实施例涉及一种用于通过具有超过采样装置的额定动态范围的额定动态范围能力的重复门控电子采样装置来增加脉冲测量的动态范围的方法; 例如，增强示波器的动态范围。所体现的技术可以将SNR从约300:1提高到1000:1。可以实现四到七位的动态范围增强。

5. 发明授权

US5773817A Ultrafast, high voltage pulser using circumferentially illuminated, laser-switched radial transmission line 失效
标题翻译：超快速高压脉冲发生器采用周向照明激光切换径向传输线
公开(公告)号：US5773817A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-30
申请号：US712786
申请日：1996-09-12
申请人： Lawrence E. Kingsley , Maurice Weiner , Hardev Singh , William R. Donaldson
发明人： Lawrence E. Kingsley , Maurice Weiner , Hardev Singh , William R. Donaldson
IPC分类号： H01L31/08 , H03K17/78 , H01J40/14
CPC分类号： H01L31/08 , H03K17/78
摘要： A pulse signal generator apparatus for producing an ultrafast, high-voltage pulser using a circumferentially illuminated, laser-switched radial transmission line transformer. The apparatus includes a radial transmission line transformer having a circular plate structure which can be coupled to a voltage source that becomes conductive upon the application thereto of a predetermined type of light energy. A laser switching device which is integral with the radial transmission line transformer and surrounds the circular plate structure, operates to switch an input electrical pulse of a predetermined peak voltage, injected at a circumferential edge of the circular plate structure onto a peripheral surface of the circular plate structure, to produce an output electrical pulse having a substantially higher peak voltage than the predetermined peak voltage of the input electrical pulse, at a center of the circular plate structure of the transmission line transformer. The apparatus also includes a laser for producing the predetermined type of light energy which illuminates the laser switching device.
摘要翻译：一种用于使用周向照明的激光切换径向传输线变压器来生产超快高压脉冲发生器的脉冲信号发生器装置。该装置包括具有圆形板结构的径向传输线变压器，该圆形板结构可耦合到在施加到其上的预定类型的光能时变得导电的电压源。与径向传输线变压器成一体且围绕圆板结构的激光开关装置用于将在圆形板结构的圆周边缘处注入的预定峰值电压的输入电脉冲切换到圆形的圆周表面上以在输电线路变压器的圆板结构的中心产生具有比输入电脉冲的预定峰值电压明显更高的峰值电压的输出电脉冲。该装置还包括用于产生照明激光切换装置的预定类型的光能的激光器。

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